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<html><head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Drawing Graphs with gpic - Douglas B. West</title>
</head>
<body><h1>Drawing Graphs with gpic - Douglas B. West</h1>
Various people over the years have asked me how I draw the figures
for my books, such as
<a href="https://faculty.math.illinois.edu/~west/igt"><i>Introduction to Graph Theory</i></a>,
<a href="https://faculty.math.illinois.edu/~west/mt"><i>Mathematical Thinking: Problem-Solving and
Proofs</i></a> (with John D'Angelo),
and the forthcoming
<a href="https://faculty.math.illinois.edu/~west/0cont.ps"><i>Combinatorial Mathematics</i></a>.
All these figures are drawn using gpic, the GNU (Free Software Foundation)
version of the program pic developed originally by AT&amp;T. gpic is part of
the freely available groff document formatting system.
<p>
The program pic was developed for drawing pictures in troff documents,
I believe in 1984. The original version of gpic was intended as a
preprocessor for groff. Sometime in the late 1990s, a command-line option
was added to gpic to allow it to serve as a preprocessor for TeX.
This allowed me to migrate my books from troff to TeX.
</p><p>
Since mostly I want to draw graphs, I wrote macros that facilitate drawing and
labeling graphs of various sorts in a few lines of gpic input.
I provide the <a href="https://faculty.math.illinois.edu/~west/tpics.txt">macro package</a> as a text file with
essentially no documentation. On this page I give a brief summary of how to
use it, plus a few examples at the end.
More extensive <a href="http://www.kohala.com/start/troff/troff.html">reference
materials</a> on pic and gpic themselves, including old user manuals, have been
gathered by Richard Stevens.
</p><p>
My macro package is inelegant and could be made cleaner and more sophisticated.
However, it does enable me to draw the pictures I want to draw rather quickly
and with very little code.
</p><p>
Please send feedback on how this page can be improved to
west @ math . uiuc . edu.
Also, please let me know if you use these macros.
</p><h2>Basics</h2>
<b>Locations and arguments</b><br>
gpic is coordinate-based. Locations are described as ordered pairs "(a,b)"
in the coordinate plane. Locations (or objects) can be named using colons, as
in "A:(a,b)". Names remain in effect until reassigned; in particular, they
persist into later pictures. To put multiple commands on a single line, end
each with a semicolon.
<p>
In order to facilitate placing vertices at grid points, I have defined
names for these locations. Available are "<b>p00</b>" through "<b>p99</b>"
and "<b>p100</b>" through "<b>p155</b>", where "<b>p</b>ij" denotes "(i,j)",
and the other locations are from (10,0) through (15,5). Offset locations
are also available, using "<b>op00</b>" through "<b>op99</b>"
and "<b>op100</b>" through "<b>op155</b>". Here "<b>op</b>ij" is defined
as "O+(i,j)" for the particular location named as "O", which can be viewed
as an "origin". A picture with several copies of the same structure can
be produced by using the same commands with a change in the specification of
"O".
</p><p>
Lines and arrows are drawn from location to location. gpic macros have a fixed
list of up to nine arguments, invoked as <b>macro</b>(arg1,arg2,...,argN).
Therefore, many of my macros come in sets indexed up to 9, depending
on how many points are being placed or connected by lines.
The syntax for macro definitions is
<br>
"define macroname #command1; command2; etc#"
</p><p>
<b> "spot", "spot2", . . ., "spot9"</b><br>
The arguments for these macros are locations in the plane. "<b>spotN</b>"
takes N such locations and puts bullets there as vertices. It also names those
locations in order, A, B, C, . . . Those names can be used as arguments
in later macros. This enables editing of pictures by moving vertices
around without retyping lots of locations. If more than nine vertices are
needed, than one can save the locations with other names, as in "A1:A;";
each use of a "<b>spotN</b>" macro assigns names starting from "A".
</p><p>
<b> "poly2", . . ., "poly20" </b><br>
"<b>polyN</b>(loc,rad)" places N equally spaced vertices around an invisible
circle with center "loc" and radius "rad", naming the locations beginning with
A at the top (as in <b>spotN</b>) and moving clockwise. This is done via a
small table of sines and cosines present in the macro package.
For odd N, only up to N=13 is provided.
When N is even, the (invisible) polygon sits on a horizontal base;
the version "<b>polyNv</b>" (and maybe also "<b>polyNh</b>" for N=12
and N=16") puts a point at the top and bottom.
</p><p>
<b> "edge", "degr", "matc", "path", "cycl"</b><br>
"<b>edge</b>(A,B)" draws a line segment connecting two locations A and B.
<br>
"<b>degrN</b>" draws edges from its first argument to the other N arguments,
up to N=8.
<br>
"<b>matcN</b>" draws a matching of size N on its 2N arguments, for N\in{2,3,4}.
For example, "<b>matc4</b>(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H)" draws the edges AB, CD, EF, and GH.
<br>
"<b>pathN</b>" draws a path through the locations of its N arguments in order.
<br>
"<b>cyclN</b>" draws a cycle through the locations of its N arguments in order.
<br>
The gpic primitive for these macros is "line", as in "line from A to B to C
to D to E".
</p><p>
<b> "call", "call2", "call3"</b><br>
These place text at a specified location.
In "<b>call</b>(A,"text $v_1$",ne);" the text inside quotation marks is
placed near location A, in the northeast direction away from A.
There are eight compass directions plus "c" for center.
Note that text is passed through unchanged, to be processed by TeX (or troff),
and it will be produced in the fonts used by the subsequent program. Thus
notation is placed within dollar signs.
To place text at locations A,B or A,B,C, use
"<b>call2</b>(A,B,"text1","text2",direc1,direc2);" or
"<b>call3</b>(A,B,C,"text1","text2","text3",direc1,direc2,direc3);".
</p><p>
<b> "circ", "arch", "elli"</b><br>
"<b>circ</b>(A,rad)" draws a circle of radius "rad" centered at location A.
<br>
"<b>arch</b>(A,B,rad)" draws a circular arc of radius "rad" counterclockwise
from location A to location B.
<br>
"<b>elli</b>(A,ht,wid)" draws an ellips of height "ht" and width "wid"
centered at location A.
<br>
Circless and ellipse are objects with centers and directional corners.
The objects can be named, as in "C:circ(p00,2);" and then "C.ne" subsequently
refers to the northeast point on C.
</p><p>
<b>"spli3", . . ., "spli9"</b><br>
"<b>spliN</b>" draws a curved line (via splines) from
A to B to C, etc., those being its N arguments in order.
Only the first and last locations are actually touched by the curve.
Try it.
</p><p>
<b> Arrow, Bold, Dashed, Dotted</b><br>
Generally speaking, many of the macros for edge, path, cycl, degr, matc, spli,
can be modified by prepending "a", "b", "f", "d", "t" to obtain lines that
are arrows (directed edges), bold (thicker), fat (much thicker), dashed, or
dotted, respectively. In combination, <b>daedge</b>, <b>baedge</b>, and
<b>dapath</b> are also available.
<br>
The size of arrowheads is constant, but the extent of coordinates in pictures
is not. As a result, arrowheads may appear too large or too small. To fix
this, use "<b>sethead</b>(param)" to multiply the scale of arrowheads by
"param". At the end of the picture, use "<b>resethead</b>" to restore the
original scale; otherwise the new size arrowheads will be used in succeeding
pictures.
</p><h2>Invocation in TeX Documents</h2>
Within a TeX document, the source for a gpic picture appears as follows:
<br>\gpic{
<br>.PS x
<br>gpic commands
<br>.PE
<br>}
<p>
The "\gpic" macro is defined within the macro package. The "x" is the
desired width of the picture in inches. When the file is run through the
gpic program before sending it to tex or latex, the portion from
.PS to .PE will be replaced with the "specials" that direct tex to draw the
lines and other elements of the picture. Under tex, the macro "\gpic" then
creates a centered box with the picture inside it.
</p><p>
The command-line option "-t" instructs gpic to prepare its output for
TeX rather than for troff. To run the preprocessor and then tex, one therefore
uses something like the following script:
<br>gpic -t gpicmacros texsource &gt; temp.tex
<br>tex temp
</p><p>
To get pdf output, the resulting dvi file should be hit with
<br>
dvips -Ppdf | ps2pdf
</p><h2>Further Macros and Comments</h2>
<b>Filled and Invisible</b><br>
"<b>icirc</b>(A,rad)" draws an invisible circle, which may be useful when
named in order to refer to directional locations.
<br>
"<b>fcirc</b>(A,rad,fill)" draws a circle of radius "rad" centered at location
A with the interior filled to density "fill", between 0 and 1. The use of
"fcirc" will overwrite anything that was previous put in the interior of the
circle.
<br>
"<b>ficirc</b>(A,rad,fill)" draw a filled interior without the boundary.
<br>
"<b>felli, fielli</b>" are the analogues for ellipses.
<p>
<b>"h1,...,h9", "v1,...,v9"</b><br>
Like "<b>p</b>ij", these are shorthand for coordinate pairs, with
"<b>h</b>j" being (.j,0) and "<b>v</b>j" being (0,.j).
They can be used for making slight adjustments to locations for placing
text labels.
</p><p>
"<b>spoto</b>(A)" puts an open circle (instead of a bullet) at location A.
<br>
"<b>mark</b>(A)" puts a square at location A (to distinguish a vertex).
<br>
"<b>cliqN</b>" draws a complete graph with vertices at its N arguments,
for N\in{4,5,6}.
<br>
<b>"k23", "k33", "k34", "k44"</b> draw complete bipartite graphs.
</p><h2>Examples</h2>
Below is the gpic code using these macros to produce several of the
figures in Section 1.1 of <i>Introduction to Graph Theory</i>,
second edition.
<p>
Petersen graph, page 13:
<br>
\gpic{
<br>
.PS 3.8
<br>
O:p00; poly5(O,2); cycl5(A,B,C,D,E); A1:A; B1:B; C1:C; D1:D; E1:E;
<br>
poly5(O,1); cycl5(A,C,E,B,D); matc3(A,A1,B,B1,C,C1); matc2(D,D1,E,E1);
<br>
call3(A1,B1+h1,C1+h1,"12","34","51",n,ne,se); call2(D1-h1,E1-h1,"23","45",sw,nw)
<br>
call3(A+h1,B-v1,C-h1,"35","52","24",e,s,sw); call2(D,E,"41","13",nw,n);
<br>
O:(5.5,0)+v1; poly3(op00,-.8); degr3(O,A,B,C); A1:A; B1:B; C1:C; spot(O);
<br>
poly6(op00,2); cycl6(A,B,C,D,E,F); path3(A,B1,D); path3(B,A1,E); path3(C,C1,F);
<br>
O:p110+v1; poly9(O,2); cycl9(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I); spot(O); degr3(O,A,D,G);
<br>
matc3(B,F,E,I,H,C);
<br>
.PE
<br>
}
</p><p>
Decomposition of <i>K<sub>5</sub></i> and <i>K<sub>4</sub></i>, page 11:
<br>
\gpic{
<br>
.PS 2.6
<br>
poly5((0,.85),1.15); bcycl5(A,B,C,D,E); cycl5(A,C,E,B,D);
<br>
spot4(p30,p50,p52,p32); path3(A,B,D); dpath3(B,C,A); bpath3(C,D,A);
<br>
.PE
<br>
}
</p><p>K\"onigsberg Bridge Problem, page 2:
<br>
\gpic{
<br>
.PS 4.0
<br>
elli(p64,4,6); call3(p64,p96+h2,p92+h2,"$W$","$X$","$Z$",c,ne,se);
<br>
call3(p124+h2,p55-v3,p75-v3,"$Y$","1","2",e,nw,ne);
<br>
call3(p53+v1,p73+v1,p84-h2,"3","4","5",sw,se,e);
<br>
call3(p115+h2,p113+h2,p114,"6","7","$~$",s,n,w);
<br>
spli7((14,6.4),(12,5.4),(9.8,5.0),(9.2,4),(9.8,3.0),(12,2.6),(14,1.6));
<br>
spli7((1.0,3.6),(2.6,3.4),(4,2),(6,1.4),(9.2,2.6),(12,2),(14,.8));
<br>
spli7((1.0,4.4),(2.6,4.6),(4,6),(6,6.6),(9.2,5.4),(12,6),(14,7.2));
<br>
matc2((8.7,4.1),(9.6,4.1),(8.7,3.9),(9.6,3.9));
<br>
matc4((4.7,1.4),(5.0,2.4),(4.5,1.5),(4.8,2.5),(4.7,6.6),(5.0,5.6),(4.5,6.5),(4.8,5.5));
<br>
matc4((7.3,1.4),(7.0,2.4),(7.5,1.5),(7.2,2.5),(7.3,6.6),(7.0,5.6),(7.5,6.5),(7.2,5.5));
<br>
matc4((11.0,1.8),(11.5,3.1),(11.2,1.7),(11.7,3.0),(11.0,6.2),(11.5,4.9),(11.2,6.3),(11.7,5.0));
<br>
O:(17,1);
<br>
spot4(op30,op03,op36,op63); degr3(D,A,B,C); dbledge(A,B,6.5); dbledge(B,C,6.5);
<br>
call3(C+v1,D,A-v1,"$x$","$y$","$z$",n,e,s); E1:.5&lt; B,C&gt;; E3:.5&lt; A,B &gt;;
<br>
E5:.5&lt; B,D&gt;; E6:.5&lt; C,D&gt;; E7:.5&lt; D,A&gt;;
<br>
call3(B-h2,E1-h3+v3,E1+h2-v2,"$w$","$e_1$","$e_2$",w,nw,se);
<br>
call3(E3-h2-v2,E3+h2+v2,E5,"$e_3$","$e_4$","$e_5$",sw,ne,n);
<br>
call3(E6,E7,E5,"$e_6$","$e_7$","$~$",ne,se,s);
<br>
.PE
<br>
}
</p><div id="grammalecte_menu_main_button_shadow_host" style="width: 0px; height: 0px;"></div></body><script src="Drawing%20Graphs%20with%20gpic%20-%20Douglas%20B.%20West_files/api.js"></script></html>

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// JavaScript
"use strict";
var oGrammalecteAPI = {
// Thes script might be reloaded, don’t use const or let.
// functions callable from within pages
// to be sent to the content-cript via an event “GrammalecteCall”
sVersion: "1.0",
generateNodeId: function (xNode) {
xNode.id = "grammalecte_generated_id_" + Date.now().toString(36) + "_" + this._random(0, 1000000).toString(10);
console.log("[Grammalecte API] generated id:", xNode.id);
return xNode.id;
},
_random: function (nMin, nMax) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (nMax - nMin + 1) + nMin);
},
openPanelForNode: function (vNode) {
// Parameter: a HTML node or the identifier of a HTML node
if (vNode instanceof HTMLElement) {
let sNodeId = vNode.id || this.generateNodeId(vNode);
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "openPanelForNode", sNodeId: sNodeId}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else if (typeof(vNode) === "string" && document.getElementById(vNode)) {
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "openPanelForNode", sNodeId: vNode}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: parameter is not a HTML node with an identifier.");
}
},
openPanelForText: function (sText, vNode=null) {
// Parameter: text to analyze, and optionaly a node to send results to.
if (typeof(sText) === "string") {
let sNodeId = "";
if (vNode instanceof HTMLElement) {
sNodeId = vNode.id || this.generateNodeId(vNode);
}
else if (typeof(vNode) === "string" && document.getElementById(vNode)) {
sNodeId = vNode;
}
else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] No node identifier. No event, no result will be sent.")
}
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "openPanelForText", sText: sText, sNodeId: sNodeId}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
} else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: parameter is not a text.");
}
},
parseNode: function (vNode) {
/* Parameter: a HTML node (with a identifier) or the identifier of a HTML node.
The result will be sent as an event “GrammalecteResult” to the node.
*/
if (vNode instanceof HTMLElement) {
let sNodeId = vNode.id || this.generateNodeId(vNode);
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "parseNode", sNodeId: sNodeId}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else if (typeof(vNode) === "string" && document.getElementById(vNode)) {
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "parseNode", sNodeId: vNode}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: parameter is not a HTML node with an identifier.");
}
},
parseText: function (sText, vNode) {
// Parameter: text to analyze, and a node to send results to.
if (typeof(sText) === "string") {
if (vNode instanceof HTMLElement) {
let sNodeId = vNode.id || this.generateNodeId(vNode);
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "parseText", sText: sText, sNodeId: sNodeId}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else if (typeof(vNode) === "string" && document.getElementById(vNode)) {
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "parseText", sText: sText, sNodeId: vNode}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: parameter is not a HTML node with an identifier.");
}
} else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: parameter is not a text.");
}
},
getSpellSuggestions: function (sWord, sDestination, sRequestId="") {
/* parameters:
- sWord (string)
- sDestination: HTML identifier (string) -> the result will be sent as an event “GrammalecteResult” to destination node
- sRequestId: custom identifier for the request (string) [default = ""]
*/
if (typeof(sWord) === "string" && typeof(sDestination) === "string" && typeof(sRequestId) === "string") {
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "getSpellSuggestions", sWord: sWord, sDestination: sDestination, sRequestId: sRequestId}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
} else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: one or several parameters aren’t string.");
}
}
}
/*
Tell to the webpage that the Grammalecte API is ready.
*/
document.dispatchEvent(new Event('GrammalecteLoaded'));

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// JavaScript
"use strict";
var oGrammalecteAPI = {
// Thes script might be reloaded, don’t use const or let.
// functions callable from within pages
// to be sent to the content-cript via an event “GrammalecteCall”
sVersion: "1.0",
generateNodeId: function (xNode) {
xNode.id = "grammalecte_generated_id_" + Date.now().toString(36) + "_" + this._random(0, 1000000).toString(10);
console.log("[Grammalecte API] generated id:", xNode.id);
return xNode.id;
},
_random: function (nMin, nMax) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (nMax - nMin + 1) + nMin);
},
openPanelForNode: function (vNode) {
// Parameter: a HTML node or the identifier of a HTML node
if (vNode instanceof HTMLElement) {
let sNodeId = vNode.id || this.generateNodeId(vNode);
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "openPanelForNode", sNodeId: sNodeId}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else if (typeof(vNode) === "string" && document.getElementById(vNode)) {
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "openPanelForNode", sNodeId: vNode}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: parameter is not a HTML node with an identifier.");
}
},
openPanelForText: function (sText, vNode=null) {
// Parameter: text to analyze, and optionaly a node to send results to.
if (typeof(sText) === "string") {
let sNodeId = "";
if (vNode instanceof HTMLElement) {
sNodeId = vNode.id || this.generateNodeId(vNode);
}
else if (typeof(vNode) === "string" && document.getElementById(vNode)) {
sNodeId = vNode;
}
else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] No node identifier. No event, no result will be sent.")
}
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "openPanelForText", sText: sText, sNodeId: sNodeId}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
} else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: parameter is not a text.");
}
},
parseNode: function (vNode) {
/* Parameter: a HTML node (with a identifier) or the identifier of a HTML node.
The result will be sent as an event “GrammalecteResult” to the node.
*/
if (vNode instanceof HTMLElement) {
let sNodeId = vNode.id || this.generateNodeId(vNode);
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "parseNode", sNodeId: sNodeId}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else if (typeof(vNode) === "string" && document.getElementById(vNode)) {
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "parseNode", sNodeId: vNode}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: parameter is not a HTML node with an identifier.");
}
},
parseText: function (sText, vNode) {
// Parameter: text to analyze, and a node to send results to.
if (typeof(sText) === "string") {
if (vNode instanceof HTMLElement) {
let sNodeId = vNode.id || this.generateNodeId(vNode);
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "parseText", sText: sText, sNodeId: sNodeId}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else if (typeof(vNode) === "string" && document.getElementById(vNode)) {
let xEvent = new CustomEvent("GrammalecteCall", { detail: JSON.stringify({sCommand: "parseText", sText: sText, sNodeId: vNode}) });
document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
}
else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: parameter is not a HTML node with an identifier.");
}
} else {
console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: parameter is not a text.");
}
},
getSpellSuggestions: function (sWord, sDestination, sRequestId="") {
/* parameters:
- sWord (string)
- sDestination: HTML identifier (string) -> the result will be sent as an event “GrammalecteResult” to destination node
- sRequestId: custom identifier for the request (string) [default = ""]
*/
if (typeof(sWord) === "string" && typeof(sDestination) === "string" && typeof(sRequestId) === "string") {
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document.dispatchEvent(xEvent);
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console.log("[Grammalecte API] Error: one or several parameters aren’t string.");
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}
}
/*
Tell to the webpage that the Grammalecte API is ready.
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document.dispatchEvent(new Event('GrammalecteLoaded'));

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.P1
.nr bm 0 1
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.ds PDFHREF.COLOUR 0.0 0.3 0.9
.defcolor pdf:href.colour rgb \\*[PDFHREF.COLOUR]
.ds PDFHREF.TEXT.COLOUR pdf:href.colour
.OH "'\m[grey]Slides Demo''Deri James\m[]'"
.EH "'\m[grey]Slides Demo''Deri James\m[]'"
.pdftransition PAGE Wipe .5 V O
.pdftransition BLOCK Fade 1
.de HD
.ev dj
.po 0
.vs 0
.sp |0
\#\X'pdf: pdfpic Backdrop.pdf -L 16c 4c'
\X'pdf: import BackdropQ.pdf 0 0 453.543 255.118 453.543 100'
.fl
.vs
.po
.ev
.sp |\\n[HM]u-6p
\Z!\D't 1p'!\D'l \\n[LL]u 0p'
.fl
..
.de HEAD
. NH \\$1
. shift
\\m[pdf:href.colour]\\$*\\m[]
. fl
. pdfbookmark -T bm\\n+[bm] \\n[nh*hl] \\*[SN-STYLE] \\$*
. XS \\n[%]
. pdfhref L -D bm\\n[bm] -- \\*[SN-STYLE] \\$*
. XE
. pdfpause
..
.pdfpagename TITLE
.TL
\m[pdf:href.colour]Demonstrating using
.br
ms macros
.br
for a slideshow\m[]
.AU
Deri James
.LP
.sp -2.4v
.HEAD 1 The Basics
.LP
Using
.I ms
to write a presentation slideshow is easy.
.LP
.pdfpause
.HEAD 2 Configure the "paper" size
.RS
.LD
.ft CR
\&.pl 9c
\&.nr PO 1c
\&.nr LL 14c
\&.nr LT 14c
\&.nr HM 1c
\&.nr FM .5c
\&.RP no
\&.P1
\&.nop \\!x X papersize=16c,9c
.ft
.DE
.RE
The final command sets the pdf page size, suitable for a 16:9 ratio screen.
.HEAD 2 Specify the presentation transitions
.RS
.LD
.ft CR
\&.pdftransition PAGE Box .5 . O
\&.pdftransition BLOCK Wipe 1
.ft
.DE
.RE
A description of the allowed parameters is in the
.pdfhref W -D http://chuzzlewit.co.uk/WebManPDF.pl/man:/1/gropdf -- gropdf(1)
man page.
The parameters applied to
.B PAGE
are used when the transition is to a new slide, and
.B BLOCK
sets the transition for any separate blocks in the slide.
.LP
.B Note:
Not all possible transitions are supported by every PDF reader.
.pdfpause
.HEAD 2 Use Blocks
.LP
A Block is a portion of the slide which you want to appear separately on the screen
when you click the mouse or press the space bar. After the text which you want to
appear simply insert a pause:-
.RS
.LD
.ft CR
\&.pdfpause
.ft
.DE
.RE
.HEAD 2 Printing the slides
.LP
If the presentation contains blocks it may be difficult to print the slides in a format
so they may be given as a handout. The solution is to define GROPDF_NOSLIDE as true before
invoking groff:-
.RS
.LD
.ft CR
GROPDF_NOSLIDE=1 groff -Tpdf -ms filename.ms > filename.pdf
.ft
.DE
.RE
The pdf file produced will not be in presentation mode so can be printed normally but
you may need to select \[oq]scale to fit\[cq] and \[oq]landscape\[cq] to fit the actual
paper size.
.HEAD 1 Other PDF considerations
.LP
This demo has other features which take advantage of calls to the gropdf device which
may be useful.
.bp
.HEAD 2 Integrating busgrap with slides
Slides often integrate various graphs:-
.sp .5v
.pdftransition BLOCK Split 2 V I
.pdfpause
.BGS
Frame:7.1c 5c
Just:centre
PS:7.8
Origin:3c 2.5c
Xrad:1.5c
YRad:1.5c
Caption:\v'.3c'Top 3 UK Newspaper Circulation (+Origin)
BGCOL:grey90
PDFBOOKMARK:2
Series:The Sun 1,978,702
Series:Daily Mail 1,688,727
Series:Daily Mirror 992,235
.BGE
.bp
.pdftransition BLOCK Fade 1
.HEAD 2 PDF overview and clickable TOC
.LP
I included a custom .HEAD macro which creates a heading, adds it to the overview panel
in the pdf reader, adds a clickable link in the TOC and pauses:-
.RS
.LD
.ft CR
.ec Z
Z&.de HEAD
Z&. NH \\$1
Z&. shift
\\m[pdf:hrefZ&.colour]\\$*\\m[]
Z&. fl
Z&. pdfbookmark -T bm\\n+[bm] \\n[nh*hl] \\*[SN-STYLE] \\$*
Z&. XS \\n[%]
Z&. pdfhref L -D bm\\n[bm] -- \\*[SN-STYLE] \\$*
Z&. XE
Z&. pdfpause
Z&..
.ec
.ft
.DE
.RE
.bp
It should be called as:
.RS
.LD
.ft CR
\&.HEAD 2 PDF overview and clickable TOC
.ft
.DE
.RE
.HEAD 2 Move TOC to page after TITLE
.LP
First insert the following just before the
.CW .TL
section at the top of the file.
.RS
.LD
.ft CR
\&.pdfpagename TITLE
.ft
.DE
.RE
Then insert these lines at the end of your ms file:-
.RS
.LD
.ft CR
\&.pdfswitchtopage after TITLE
\&.TC
.ft
.DE
.RE
.pdfswitchtopage after TITLE
.TC

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/F0 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-3-)279.67 48 S .4 LW 504 84 72 84 DL(The)72
98.4 Q/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(line_gap_down)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(line_gap_right)
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/F0 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-4-)279.67 48 S .4 LW 504 84 72 84 DL(The)72
94.8 Q/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(hz_spline)2.5 E F0(macr)2.5 E 2.5(ow)-.18 G
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(verrun = 0.2" at B.e ljust)113.2 485.8 Q EP
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/F0 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-5-)279.67 48 S 86.4 148.8 MT 0 -14.4 RL -14.4 0
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86.4 559.2 MT 0 -14.4 RL -14.4 0 RL 0 14.4 RL CL ST 86.4 573.6 MT 0 -14.4 RL
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/F0 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-6-)279.67 48 S .4 LW 504 84 72 84 DL(The)72
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427.8 72 427.8 DL 1.958(The following four demonstrate macr)72 442.2 R 1.958
(os right-up-right, right-down-right, left-up-left, and left-)-.18 F
(down-left.)72 454.2 Q F2(down)97 471.2 Q 3.4(A1: box)72 482.2 R
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8.8(C: box)72 515.2 R(ht 0.2 wid 0.2 with .nw at A1.se + \( 2.0, -0.5\))5.4 E
8.8(D: box)72 526.2 R(ht 0.2 wid 0.2 with .se at A1.nw + \(-1.0,)5.4 E(0.5\))
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(ht 0.2 wid 0.2 with .ne at A1.sw + \(-2.0, -0.5\))5.4 E
(spline_rur\( A1.e, B.w, -0.05, 0, -> \))97 548.2 Q
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570.2 Q(0.05, 0, -> \))226.6 570.2 Q(spline_ldl\( A2.w, E.e,)97 581.2 Q
(0.05, 0, -> \))226.6 581.2 Q 244.8 664 MT 0 -14.4 RL -14.4 0 RL 0 14.4 RL CL
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RL -14.4 0 RL 0 14.4 RL CL ST 403.2 714.4 MT 0 -14.4 RL -14.4 0 RL 0 14.4 RL CL
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RL -14.4 0 RL 0 14.4 RL CL ST 241.2 656.8 244.8 656.8 DL 244.8 656.8 MT 10.8 0
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RL ST 316.8 606.4 MT -6.768 2.232 RL 0 -4.464 RL CL BL 316.8 606.4 MT -6.768
2.232 RL 0 -4.464 RL CL ST 241.2 671.2 244.8 671.2 DL 244.8 671.2 MT 28.8 0 RL
19.2 0 31.2 0 36 0 RC 4.8 0 7.2 2.4 7.2 7.2 RC 0 4.8 0 8.4 0 10.8 RC 0 2.4 0 6
0 10.8 RC 0 4.8 2.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 RC 4.8 0 16.8 0 36 0 RC 28.8 0 RL ST 388.8
707.2 MT -6.768 2.232 RL 0 -4.464 RL CL BL 388.8 707.2 MT -6.768 2.232 RL 0
-4.464 RL CL ST 234 656.8 230.4 656.8 DL 230.4 656.8 MT -10.8 0 RL -7.2 0 -13.2
0 -18 0 RC -4.8 0 -7.2 -2.4 -7.2 -7.2 RC 0 -4.8 0 -10.8 0 -18 RC 0 -7.2 0 -13.2
0 -18 RC 0 -4.8 -2.4 -7.2 -7.2 -7.2 RC -4.8 0 -10.8 0 -18 0 RC -10.8 0 RL ST
158.4 606.4 MT 6.768 -2.232 RL 0 4.464 RL CL BL 158.4 606.4 MT 6.768 -2.232 RL
0 4.464 RL CL ST 234 671.2 230.4 671.2 DL 230.4 671.2 MT -28.8 0 RL -19.2 0
-31.2 0 -36 0 RC -4.8 0 -7.2 2.4 -7.2 7.2 RC 0 4.8 0 8.4 0 10.8 RC 0 2.4 0 6 0
10.8 RC 0 4.8 -2.4 7.2 -7.2 7.2 RC -4.8 0 -16.8 0 -36 0 RC -28.8 0 RL ST 86.4
707.2 MT 6.768 -2.232 RL 0 4.464 RL CL BL 86.4 707.2 MT 6.768 -2.232 RL 0 4.464
RL CL ST EP
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/F0 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-7-)279.67 48 S .4 LW 504 84 72 84 DL .738
(Sometimes I need a custom spline when one of the macr)72 98.4 R .738
(os just shown does not \214t the job.)-.18 F(This)5.737 E .875(example is fr)
72 110.4 R .875(om page 322 of UNPv1.)-.18 F .876
(When making a curve I divide the distance into quarters,)5.876 F
(with one move per quarter)72 122.4 Q(.)-.74 E/F1 9/Courier@0 SF(boxwid = 0.8)
72 139.4 Q(boxht = 0.2)72 150.4 Q 17.6(Box1: box)72 161.4 R 17.6(Box2: box)72
172.4 R(with .w at Box1.e + \(0.55, 0\))5.4 E 17.6(Box3: box)72 183.4 R
(with .w at Box2.e + \(0.55, 0\))5.4 E 12.2(Start: Box1.e)72 205.4 R 17.6
(Dest: Box3.w)72 216.4 R(line left 0.05 from Start)97 227.4 Q
(spline -> from Start \\)115.2 238.4 Q(right 0.55/4 \\)158.4 249.4 Q
(then right 0.55/4 down 0.2 \\)158.4 260.4 Q(then right 0.55/4 down 0.2 \\)
158.4 271.4 Q(then right 0.55/4 \\)158.4 282.4 Q(then right boxwid \\)158.4
293.4 Q(then right 0.55/4 \\)158.4 304.4 Q(then right 0.55/4 up 0.2 \\)158.4
315.4 Q(then right 0.55/4 up 0.2 \\)158.4 326.4 Q(then right 0.55/4)158.4 337.4
Q 5.4(#D)72 348.4 S(raw the "points" in this spline definition.)88.2 348.4 Q
8.8(A: line)72 359.4 R(invis right 0.55/4 from Start)5.4 E 8.8(B: line)72 370.4
R(invis right 0.55/4 down 0.2)5.4 E 8.8(C: line)72 381.4 R
(invis right 0.55/4 down 0.2)5.4 E 8.8(D: line)72 392.4 R(invis right 0.55/4)
5.4 E 8.8(E: line)72 403.4 R(invis right boxwid)5.4 E 8.8(F: line)72 414.4 R
(invis right 0.55/4)5.4 E 8.8(G: line)72 425.4 R(invis right 0.55/4 up 0.2)5.4
E 8.8(H: line)72 436.4 R(invis right 0.55/4 up 0.2)5.4 E 8.8(I: line)72 447.4 R
(invis right 0.55/4)5.4 E(circle rad 0.02 fill 1 at A.end)97 458.4 Q
(circle rad 0.02 fill 1 at B.end)97 469.4 Q(circle rad 0.02 fill 1 at C.end)97
480.4 Q(circle rad 0.02 fill 1 at D.end)97 491.4 Q
(circle rad 0.02 fill 1 at E.end)97 502.4 Q(circle rad 0.02 fill 1 at F.end)97
513.4 Q(circle rad 0.02 fill 1 at G.end)97 524.4 Q
(circle rad 0.02 fill 1 at H.end)97 535.4 Q(circle rad 0.02 fill 1 at I.end)97
546.4 Q 129.6 578.8 MT 0 -14.4 RL -57.6 0 RL 0 14.4 RL CL ST 226.8 578.8 MT 0
-14.4 RL -57.6 0 RL 0 14.4 RL CL ST 324 578.8 MT 0 -14.4 RL -57.6 0 RL 0 14.4
RL CL ST 126 571.6 129.6 571.6 DL 129.6 571.6 MT 4.932 0 RL 3.288 0 6.576 2.4
9.864 7.2 RC 3.288 4.8 6.576 9.6 9.864 14.4 RC 3.288 4.8 6.576 7.2 9.864 7.2 RC
3.288 0 14.532 0 33.732 0 RC 19.2 0 30.456 0 33.768 0 RC 3.312 0 6.624 -2.4
9.936 -7.2 RC 3.312 -4.8 6.624 -9.6 9.936 -14.4 RC 3.312 -4.8 6.624 -7.2 9.936
-7.2 RC 4.968 0 RL ST 266.4 571.6 MT -6.768 2.232 RL 0 -4.464 RL CL BL 266.4
571.6 MT -6.768 2.232 RL 0 -4.464 RL CL ST 139.464 571.6 1.44 DC 0.0000 FL
139.464 571.6 1.44 DC ST 149.4 586 1.44 DC 0.0000 FL 149.4 586 1.44 DC ST
159.264 600.4 1.44 DC 0.0000 FL 159.264 600.4 1.44 DC ST 169.2 600.4 1.44 DC
0.0000 FL 169.2 600.4 1.44 DC ST 226.8 600.4 1.44 DC 0.0000 FL 226.8 600.4 1.44
DC ST 236.736 600.4 1.44 DC 0.0000 FL 236.736 600.4 1.44 DC ST 246.6 586 1.44
DC 0.0000 FL 246.6 586 1.44 DC ST 256.536 571.6 1.44 DC 0.0000 FL 256.536 571.6
1.44 DC ST 266.4 571.6 1.44 DC 0.0000 FL 266.4 571.6 1.44 DC ST 504 615.04 72
615.04 DL F0(The)72 629.44 Q/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(erase)2.891 E F0(macr)2.891 E
2.891(oi)-.18 G 2.891(su)157.823 629.44 S .391
(sed to white out some portion of a \214gur)170.984 629.44 R 2.891(ew)-.18 G
.391(hen lines cr)365.253 629.44 R 2.891(oss. I)-.18 F .391(\214rst specify a)
2.891 F .04(second ar)72 641.44 R .04(gument of 1 \(draw the cir)-.18 F .04
(cle all black\) to check the position of the cir)-.18 F .04
(cle, then change the)-.18 F(ar)72 653.44 Q(gument to 0 to erase the cir)-.18 E
(cle.)-.18 E EP
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/F0 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-8-)279.67 48 S/F1 9/Courier@0 SF(right)97 89 Q
8.8(A: box)72 100 R(dashed)5.4 E 8.8(B: box)72 111 R(dashed)5.4 E
(line from A.nw to A.se)97 122 Q(erase\(A.c, 1, 0.05\))97 133 Q 5.4(#d)222 133
S(raw a black circle)238.2 133 Q(line from A.sw to A.ne)97 144 Q
(line from B.nw to B.se)97 155 Q(erase\(B.c, 0, 0.05\))97 166 Q 5.4(#d)222 166
S(raw a white circle)238.2 166 Q(line from B.sw to B.ne)97 177 Q .4 LW 75.6
209.4 72 209.4 DL 82.368 209.4 78.768 209.4 DL 89.136 209.4 85.536 209.4 DL
95.832 209.4 92.232 209.4 DL 102.6 209.4 99 209.4 DL 109.368 209.4 105.768
209.4 DL 116.064 209.4 112.464 209.4 DL 122.832 209.4 119.232 209.4 DL 129.6
209.4 126 209.4 DL 129.6 205.8 129.6 209.4 DL 129.6 200.4 129.6 204 DL 129.6
195 129.6 198.6 DL 126 195 129.6 195 DL 119.232 195 122.832 195 DL 112.536 195
116.136 195 DL 105.768 195 109.368 195 DL 99 195 102.6 195 DL 92.232 195 95.832
195 DL 85.536 195 89.136 195 DL 78.768 195 82.368 195 DL 72 195 75.6 195 DL 72
198.6 72 195 DL 72 204 72 200.4 DL 72 209.4 72 205.8 DL 133.2 209.4 129.6 209.4
DL 140.904 209.4 137.304 209.4 DL 148.608 209.4 145.008 209.4 DL 156.312 209.4
152.712 209.4 DL 164.088 209.4 160.488 209.4 DL 171.792 209.4 168.192 209.4 DL
179.496 209.4 175.896 209.4 DL 187.2 209.4 183.6 209.4 DL 187.2 205.8 187.2
209.4 DL 187.2 200.4 187.2 204 DL 187.2 195 187.2 198.6 DL 183.6 195 187.2 195
DL 175.896 195 179.496 195 DL 168.192 195 171.792 195 DL 160.488 195 164.088
195 DL 152.712 195 156.312 195 DL 145.008 195 148.608 195 DL 137.304 195
140.904 195 DL 129.6 195 133.2 195 DL 129.6 198.6 129.6 195 DL 129.6 204 129.6
200.4 DL 129.6 209.4 129.6 205.8 DL 129.6 209.4 72 195 DL 100.8 202.2 3.6 DC
0.0000 FL 129.6 195 72 209.4 DL 187.2 209.4 129.6 195 DL 158.4 202.2 3.6 DC
1.0000 FL 187.2 195 129.6 209.4 DL EP
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