%!PS %%Version: 3.3.1 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%Pages: (atend) %%EndComments % % Version 3.3.1 prologue for troff files. % /#copies 1 store /aspectratio 1 def /formsperpage 1 def /landscape false def /linewidth .3 def /magnification 1 def /margin 0 def /orientation 0 def /resolution 720 def /rotation 1 def /xoffset 0 def /yoffset 0 def /roundpage true def /useclippath true def /pagebbox [0 0 612 792] def /R /Times-Roman def /I /Times-Italic def /B /Times-Bold def /BI /Times-BoldItalic def /H /Helvetica def /HI /Helvetica-Oblique def /HB /Helvetica-Bold def /HX /Helvetica-BoldOblique def /CW /Courier def /CO /Courier def /CI /Courier-Oblique def /CB /Courier-Bold def /CX /Courier-BoldOblique def /PA /Palatino-Roman def /PI /Palatino-Italic def /PB /Palatino-Bold def /PX /Palatino-BoldItalic def /Hr /Helvetica-Narrow def /Hi /Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique def /Hb /Helvetica-Narrow-Bold def /Hx /Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique def /KR /Bookman-Light def /KI /Bookman-LightItalic def /KB /Bookman-Demi def /KX /Bookman-DemiItalic def /AR /AvantGarde-Book def /AI /AvantGarde-BookOblique def /AB /AvantGarde-Demi def /AX /AvantGarde-DemiOblique def /NR /NewCenturySchlbk-Roman def /NI /NewCenturySchlbk-Italic def /NB /NewCenturySchlbk-Bold def /NX /NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic def /ZD /ZapfDingbats def /ZI /ZapfChancery-MediumItalic def /S /S def /S1 /S1 def /GR /Symbol def /inch {72 mul} bind def /min {2 copy gt {exch} if pop} bind def /setup { counttomark 2 idiv {def} repeat pop landscape {/orientation 90 orientation add def} if /scaling 72 resolution div def linewidth setlinewidth 1 setlinecap pagedimensions xcenter ycenter translate orientation rotation mul rotate width 2 div neg height 2 div translate xoffset inch yoffset inch neg translate margin 2 div dup neg translate magnification dup aspectratio mul scale scaling scaling scale addmetrics 0 0 moveto } def /pagedimensions { useclippath userdict /gotpagebbox known not and { /pagebbox [clippath pathbbox newpath] def roundpage currentdict /roundpagebbox known and {roundpagebbox} if } if pagebbox aload pop 4 -1 roll exch 4 1 roll 4 copy landscape {4 2 roll} if sub /width exch def sub /height exch def add 2 div /xcenter exch def add 2 div /ycenter exch def userdict /gotpagebbox true put } def /addmetrics { /Symbol /S null Sdefs cf /Times-Roman /S1 StandardEncoding dup length array copy S1defs cf } def /pagesetup { /page exch def currentdict /pagedict known currentdict page known and { page load pagedict exch get cvx exec } if } def /decodingdefs [ {counttomark 2 idiv {y moveto show} repeat} {neg /y exch def counttomark 2 idiv {y moveto show} repeat} {neg moveto {2 index stringwidth pop sub exch div 0 32 4 -1 roll widthshow} repeat} {neg moveto {spacewidth sub 0.0 32 4 -1 roll widthshow} repeat} {counttomark 2 idiv {y moveto show} repeat} {neg setfunnytext} ] def /setdecoding {/t decodingdefs 3 -1 roll get bind def} bind def /w {neg moveto show} bind def /m {neg dup /y exch def moveto} bind def /done {/lastpage where {pop lastpage} if} def /f { dup /font exch def findfont exch dup /ptsize exch def scaling div dup /size exch def scalefont setfont linewidth ptsize mul scaling 10 mul div setlinewidth /spacewidth ( ) stringwidth pop def } bind def /changefont { /fontheight exch def /fontslant exch def currentfont [ 1 0 fontheight ptsize div fontslant sin mul fontslant cos div fontheight ptsize div 0 0 ] makefont setfont } bind def /sf {f} bind def /cf { dup length 2 idiv /entries exch def /chtab exch def /newencoding exch def /newfont exch def findfont dup length 1 add dict /newdict exch def {1 index /FID ne {newdict 3 1 roll put}{pop pop} ifelse} forall newencoding type /arraytype eq {newdict /Encoding newencoding put} if newdict /Metrics entries dict put newdict /Metrics get begin chtab aload pop 1 1 entries {pop def} for newfont newdict definefont pop end } bind def % % A few arrays used to adjust reference points and character widths in some % of the printer resident fonts. If square roots are too high try changing % the lines describing /radical and /radicalex to, % % /radical [0 -75 550 0] % /radicalex [-50 -75 500 0] % % Move braceleftbt a bit - default PostScript character is off a bit. % /Sdefs [ /bracketlefttp [201 500] /bracketleftbt [201 500] /bracketrighttp [-81 380] /bracketrightbt [-83 380] /braceleftbt [203 490] /bracketrightex [220 -125 500 0] /radical [0 0 550 0] /radicalex [-50 0 500 0] /parenleftex [-20 -170 0 0] /integral [100 -50 500 0] /infinity [10 -75 730 0] ] def /S1defs [ /underscore [0 80 500 0] /endash [7 90 650 0] ] def % % Tries to round clipping path dimensions, as stored in array pagebbox, so they % match one of the known sizes in the papersizes array. Lower left coordinates % are always set to 0. % /roundpagebbox { 7 dict begin /papersizes [8.5 inch 11 inch 14 inch 17 inch] def /mappapersize { /val exch def /slop .5 inch def /diff slop def /j 0 def 0 1 papersizes length 1 sub { /i exch def papersizes i get val sub abs dup diff le {/diff exch def /j i def} {pop} ifelse } for diff slop lt {papersizes j get} {val} ifelse } def pagebbox 0 0 put pagebbox 1 0 put pagebbox dup 2 get mappapersize 2 exch put pagebbox dup 3 get mappapersize 3 exch put end } bind def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup mark /resolution 720 def setup 2 setdecoding %%EndSetup %%Page: 0 1 /saveobj save def mark 1 pagesetup 10 R f (AT&T Bell Laboratories)2 993 1 2383 1760 t (Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974)4 1267 1 2246 1900 t (Computing Science Technical Report No. 54)5 1798 1 1981 3200 t 12 B f (Troff User's Manual\262)2 1120 1 2320 3480 t 10 I f (Joseph F. Ossanna)2 763 1 2498 3740 t (Brian W. Kernighan)2 814 1 2473 3880 t 10 R f (Revised November, 1992)2 1018 1 720 6240 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 0 1 %%Page: 0 2 /saveobj save def mark 2 pagesetup 12 B f (Troff User's Manual\262)2 1120 1 2320 1220 t 10 I f (Joseph F. Ossanna)2 763 1 2498 1480 t (Brian W. Kernighan)2 814 1 2473 1620 t 10 R f (AT&T Bell Laboratories)2 993 1 2383 1820 t (Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974)4 1267 1 2246 1960 t (Revised November, 1992)2 1018 1 720 2800 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 0 2 %%Page: 1 3 /saveobj save def mark 3 pagesetup 12 B f (Troff User's Manual\262)2 1120 1 2320 1230 t 10 I f (Joseph F. Ossanna)2 763 1 2498 1470 t (Brian W. Kernighan)2 814 1 2473 1590 t 10 R f (AT&T Bell Laboratories)2 993 1 2383 1770 t (Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974)4 1267 1 2246 1890 t 10 B f (Introduction)720 2250 w 10 I f (Troff)970 2406 w 10 R f (and)1217 2406 w 10 I f (nroff)1407 2406 w 10 R f ( and typewriter-like terminals,)3 1275(are text processors that format text for typesetter-)7 2117 2 1648 2406 t ( lines of text interspersed with lines of format control information and format the)13 3271( accept)1 283(respectively. They)1 766 3 720 2526 t (text into a printable, paginated document having a user-designed style.)9 2875 1 720 2646 t 10 I f (Troff)3651 2646 w 10 R f (and)3883 2646 w 10 I f (nroff)4058 2646 w 10 R f (offer unusual free-)2 755 1 4285 2646 t ( arbitrary style footnotes; multiple automatic)5 1820(dom in document styling: arbitrary style headers and footers;)8 2500 2 720 2766 t (sequence numbering for paragraphs, sections, etc; multiple column output; dynamic font and point-size)12 4320 1 720 2886 t ( of automatic overstriking,)3 1066(control; arbitrary horizontal and vertical local motions at any point; and a family)12 3254 2 720 3006 t (bracket construction, and line-drawing functions.)4 1963 1 720 3126 t 10 I f (Troff)970 3282 w 10 R f (produces its output in a device-independent form, although parameterized for a specific device;)12 3841 1 1199 3282 t 10 I f (troff)720 3402 w 10 R f (output must be processed by a driver for that device to produce printed output.)13 3134 1 918 3402 t 10 I f (Troff)970 3558 w 10 R f (and)1210 3558 w 10 I f (nroff)1393 3558 w 10 R f ( almost always possible to prepare)5 1448(are highly compatible with each other and it is)8 1965 2 1627 3558 t ( the user to embed input expressly des-)7 1577( input is provided that enables)5 1222( Conditional)1 527(input acceptable to both.)3 994 4 720 3678 t (tined for either program.)3 990 1 720 3798 t 10 I f (Nroff)1763 3798 w 10 R f (can prepare output directly for a variety of terminal types and is capable of)13 3036 1 2004 3798 t ( warning, however:)2 779( A)1 125( each terminal.)2 596(utilizing the full resolution of)4 1194 4 720 3918 t 10 I f (nroff)3442 3918 w 10 R f (necessarily cannot support all fea-)4 1375 1 3665 3918 t (tures of)1 316 1 720 4038 t 10 I f (troff)1075 4038 w 10 R f ( that limitation, it is the same as)7 1371(. Within)1 367 2 1248 4038 t 10 I f (troff)3025 4038 w 10 R f ( is only a single program,)5 1091(, and in fact there)4 751 2 3198 4038 t (invoked by two different names.)4 1295 1 720 4158 t 10 B f (Background to the Second Edition)4 1469 1 720 4398 t 10 I f (Troff)970 4554 w 10 R f ( in about 1973, in assembly language for the)8 1893(was originally written by the late Joe Ossanna)7 1937 2 1210 4554 t 9 R f (PDP)720 4674 w 10 R f ( underwent)1 452( was rewritten in C around 1975, and)7 1530( It)1 118(-11, to drive the Graphic Systems CAT typesetter.)7 2055 4 885 4674 t (slow but steady evolution until Ossanna's death late in 1977.)9 2432 1 720 4794 t (In 1979, Brian Kernighan modified)4 1432 1 970 4950 t 10 I f (troff)2432 4950 w 10 R f (so that it would produce output for a variety of typesetters,)10 2404 1 2636 4950 t ( the decade from 1979 to 1989, the internals have been mod-)11 2489( Over)1 255(while retaining its input specifications.)4 1576 3 720 5070 t (estly revised, though much of the code remains as it was when Ossanna wrote it.)14 3217 1 720 5190 t 10 I f (Troff)970 5346 w 10 R f ( is invoked, to set values for machine resolution, legal type)10 2463(reads parameter files each time it)5 1371 2 1206 5346 t (sizes and fonts, and character names, character widths and the like.)10 2773 1 720 5466 t 10 I f (Troff)3553 5466 w 10 R f (output is)1 357 1 3789 5466 t 9 R f (ASCII)4178 5466 w 10 R f (characters in a)2 593 1 4447 5466 t ( post-)1 239( A)1 136(simple language that describes where each character is to be placed and in what size and font.)16 3945 3 720 5586 t ( device to convert this typesetter-independent language into specific)8 2853(processor must be written for each)5 1467 2 720 5706 t (instructions for that device.)3 1093 1 720 5826 t ( Most)1 261( identifiable in the older output.)5 1291(The output language contains information that was not readily)8 2518 3 970 5982 t ( can do device-specific optimiza-)4 1328(notably, the beginning of each page and line is marked, so post-processors)11 2992 2 720 6102 t (tions such as sorting the data vertically or printing it boustrophedonically, independent of)12 3572 1 720 6222 t 10 I f (troff)4317 6222 w 10 R f (.)4490 6222 w (Capabilities for graphics have been added.)5 1771 1 970 6378 t 10 I f (troff)2806 6378 w 10 R f ( for drawing diagonal)3 910(now recognizes commands)2 1111 2 3019 6378 t ( are also ways to pass arbitrary informa-)7 1639(lines, circles, ellipses, circular arcs, and quadratic B-splines; there)8 2681 2 720 6498 t (tion to the output unprocessed by)5 1330 1 720 6618 t 10 I f (troff)2075 6618 w 10 R f (.)2248 6618 w ( document may have an arbitrary number)6 1682( A)1 128( been eased or eliminated.)4 1063(A number of limitations have)4 1197 4 970 6774 t ( may be accessed merely by naming)6 1465( Fonts)1 277( on any page \(if the output device permits it, of course\).)11 2265(of fonts)1 313 4 720 6894 t 8 S1 f (__________________)720 6994 w 8 R f (\262This is a version of the original)6 1034 1 720 7094 t 8 I f (troff)1774 7094 w 8 R f (reference manual, revised several times by B. W. Kernighan.)8 1937 1 1931 7094 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 1 3 %%Page: 2 4 /saveobj save def mark 4 pagesetup 10 R f (- 2 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t ( are no limits on the number of characters.)8 1800( There)1 296(them; ``mounting'' is no longer necessary.)5 1773 3 720 840 t 10 R f 0 8 changefont (Character)4653 840 w (height)720 960 w 10 R f (and)995 960 w 10 R f -1 10 changefont (sl)1164 960 w 10 R f (a)1231 960 w 10 R f 1 10 changefont (nt)1275 960 w 10 R f (may be set independently of width.)5 1404 1 1378 960 t ( description of usage and command-line options; a sum-)8 2314(The remainder of this document contains a)6 1756 2 970 1116 t ( manual; tutorial exam-)3 959(mary of requests, escape sequences, and pre-defined number registers; a reference)10 3361 2 720 1236 t (ples; and a list of commonly-available characters.)6 1982 1 720 1356 t 10 B f (Acknowledgements)720 1596 w 10 R f (Joe Ossanna's)1 574 1 970 1752 t 10 I f (troff)1576 1752 w 10 R f ( fifteen years, it has proven a robust)7 1479( For)1 196(remains a remarkable accomplishment.)3 1584 3 1781 1752 t ( were never)2 474(tool, taking unbelievable abuse from a variety of preprocessors and being forced into uses that)14 3846 2 720 1872 t (conceived of in the original design, all with considerable grace under fire.)11 2946 1 720 1992 t (The current version of)3 937 1 970 2148 t 10 I f (troff)1948 2148 w 10 R f ( from significant code improvements by Jaap Akkerhuis,)7 2388(has profited)1 490 2 2162 2148 t ( Ravi Sethi made)3 701( Hume, Doug McIlroy, and)4 1111( Andrew)1 377(Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson, and Molly Wagner.)6 2131 4 720 2268 t ( fear that the remaining bugs are my fault.)8 1677( I)1 83(valuable suggestions on the manual.)4 1446 3 720 2388 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 2 4 %%Page: 3 5 /saveobj save def mark 5 pagesetup 10 R f (- 3 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 12 B f (Usage)2727 840 w 10 I f (Troff)970 996 w 10 R f (or)1196 996 w 10 I f (nroff)1304 996 w 10 R f (is invoked as)2 522 1 1524 996 t 9 CW f (troff)1008 1166 w 9 I f (options files)1 461 1 1386 1166 t 9 CW f (nroff)1008 1276 w 9 I f (options files)1 461 1 1386 1276 t 10 R f (where)720 1456 w 10 I f (options)992 1456 w 10 R f (represents any of a number of option arguments and)8 2111 1 1316 1456 t 10 I f (f iles)1 175 1 3456 1456 t 10 R f ( list of files contain-)4 825(represents the)1 555 2 3660 1456 t ( argument consisting of a single minus `)7 1637( An)1 178(ing the document to be formatted.)5 1384 3 720 1576 t 10 CW f (-)3919 1576 w 10 R f (' is taken to be a filename)6 1061 1 3979 1576 t ( The)1 210( filenames are given input is taken from the standard input.)10 2405( no)1 129( If)1 120(corresponding to the standard input.)4 1456 5 720 1696 t (options, which may appear in any order so long as they appear before the files, are:)15 3317 1 720 1816 t 10 CW f (-N)1017 1996 w 10 R f (Run as)1 275 1 1503 1996 t 10 I f (nroff)1803 1996 w 10 R f (; default is)2 422 1 1998 1996 t 10 I f (troff)2445 1996 w 10 R f (.)2618 1996 w 10 CW f (-m)1017 2116 w 10 I f (name)1137 2116 w 10 R f (Read the macro file)3 784 1 1503 2116 t 10 CW f (/ usr / lib / tmac.)5 880 1 2320 2116 t 10 I f (name)3208 2116 w 10 R f (before the input)2 632 1 3449 2116 t 10 I f (f iles)1 175 1 4106 2116 t 10 R f (.)4281 2116 w 10 CW f (-T)1017 2236 w 10 I f (name)1137 2236 w 10 R f ( For)1 191( devices are site-dependent.)3 1108( Specific)1 379(Specifies the type of the output device.)6 1562 4 1503 2236 t 10 I f (troff)1503 2356 w 10 R f (, useful names include)3 917 1 1676 2356 t 10 CW f (post)2626 2356 w 10 R f (\(Postscript, the default\),)2 976 1 2899 2356 t 10 CW f (202)3908 2356 w 10 R f (\(Linotron 202\),)1 623 1 4120 2356 t (and)1503 2476 w 10 CW f (aps)1698 2476 w 10 R f ( For)1 215(\(Autologic APS-5\).)1 809 2 1929 2476 t 10 I f (nroff)3004 2476 w 10 R f (, useful names include)3 971 1 3250 2476 t 10 CW f (37)4281 2476 w 10 R f (for the)1 290 1 4453 2476 t (\(default\) Model 37 Teletype)3 1149 1 1503 2596 t 10 S f (\322)2652 2596 w 10 R f (,)2731 2596 w 10 CW f (450)2796 2596 w 10 R f (for the)1 270 1 3008 2596 t 9 R f (DASI)3310 2596 w 10 R f (-450 \(Diablo Hyterm\),)2 915 1 3520 2596 t 10 CW f (lp)4475 2596 w 10 R f (for)4627 2596 w ( no reverse motions, and)4 1039(``dumb'' line printer terminals \(no half-line motions,)6 2201 2 1503 2716 t 10 CW f (think)1511 2836 w 10 R f (for the HP ThinkJet printer.)4 1107 1 1836 2836 t 10 CW f (-i)1017 2956 w 10 R f (Read standard input after the input files are exhausted.)8 2176 1 1503 2956 t 10 CW f (-o)1017 3076 w 10 I f (list)1137 3076 w 10 R f ( appear in)2 409(Print only pages whose page numbers)5 1547 2 1503 3076 t 10 I f (list)3492 3076 w 10 R f (, which consists of comma-)4 1128 1 3615 3076 t ( number range has the form)5 1110( A)1 124( and number ranges.)3 815(separated numbers)1 748 4 1503 3196 t 10 I f (N)4327 3196 w 10 S f (-)4418 3196 w 10 I f (M)4489 3196 w 10 R f (and)4599 3196 w (means pages)1 507 1 1503 3316 t 10 I f (N)2035 3316 w 10 R f (through)2127 3316 w 10 I f (M)2463 3316 w 10 R f (; a initial)2 356 1 2546 3316 t 10 S f (-)2927 3316 w 10 I f (N)2998 3316 w 10 R f (means from the beginning to page)5 1362 1 3090 3316 t 10 I f (N)4478 3316 w 10 R f (; and)1 198 1 4545 3316 t (a final)1 252 1 1503 3436 t 10 I f (N)1780 3436 w 10 S f (-)1871 3436 w 10 R f (means from)1 474 1 1951 3436 t 10 I f (N)2450 3436 w 10 R f (to the end.)2 419 1 2542 3436 t 10 CW f (-n)1017 3556 w 10 I f (N)1137 3556 w 10 R f (Number first generated page)3 1138 1 1503 3556 t 10 I f (N)2666 3556 w 10 R f (.)2733 3556 w 10 CW f (-r)1017 3676 w 10 I f (aN)1137 3676 w 10 R f (Set number register)2 782 1 1503 3676 t 10 I f (a)2310 3676 w 10 R f (\(one-character\) to)1 710 1 2385 3676 t 10 I f (N)3120 3676 w 10 R f (.)3187 3676 w 10 CW f (-s)1017 3796 w 10 I f (N)1137 3796 w 10 R f (Stop every)1 444 1 1503 3796 t 10 I f (N)1986 3796 w 10 R f (pages.)2092 3796 w 10 I f (Nroff)2408 3796 w 10 R f ( to every)2 379(will halt prior)2 578 2 2659 3796 t 10 I f (N)3656 3796 w 10 R f (pages \(default)1 577 1 3763 3796 t 10 I f (N)4380 3796 w 10 S f (=)4471 3796 w 10 R f (1\) to)1 201 1 4542 3796 t ( and will resume upon receipt of a newline.)8 1855(allow paper loading or changing,)4 1385 2 1503 3916 t 10 I f (Troff)1503 4036 w 10 R f (will include a ``pause'' code every)5 1427 1 1737 4036 t 10 I f (N)3197 4036 w 10 R f (pages; its meaning, if any, depends)5 1446 1 3297 4036 t (on the output device.)3 838 1 1503 4156 t 10 CW f (-u)1017 4276 w 10 I f (N)1137 4276 w 10 R f (Set amount of emboldening for the)5 1396 1 1503 4276 t 10 CW f (bd)2924 4276 w 10 R f (request to)1 391 1 3069 4276 t 10 I f (N)3485 4276 w 10 R f (.)3552 4276 w 10 CW f (-F)1017 4396 w 10 I f (path)1137 4396 w 10 R f (Look in directory)2 727 1 1503 4396 t 10 I f (path)2269 4396 w 10 R f (for font information; default is)4 1281 1 2486 4396 t 10 CW f (/usr/lib/font)3807 4396 w 10 R f (for)4627 4396 w 10 I f (troff)1503 4516 w 10 R f (and)1701 4516 w 10 CW f (/usr/lib/term)1870 4516 w 10 R f (for)2675 4516 w 10 I f (nroff)2816 4516 w 10 R f (.)3011 4516 w 10 I f (troff)1953 4696 w 10 R f (Only)2151 4696 w 10 CW f (-a)1017 4816 w 10 R f (Send a printable)2 649 1 1503 4816 t 9 R f (\(ASCII\))2177 4816 w 10 R f (approximation of the results to the standard output.)7 2043 1 2497 4816 t 10 I f (nroff)1953 4996 w 10 R f (Only)2173 4996 w 10 CW f (-e)1017 5116 w 10 R f (Produce equally-spaced words in adjusted lines, using full terminal resolution.)9 3133 1 1503 5116 t 10 CW f (-h)1017 5236 w 10 R f (Use tabs instead of spaces to speed up printing.)8 1889 1 1503 5236 t 10 CW f (-q)1017 5356 w 10 R f (Invoke the simultaneous input-output mode of the)6 1999 1 1503 5356 t 10 CW f (rd)3535 5356 w 10 R f (request.)3680 5356 w (Each option is a separate argument; for example,)7 1951 1 970 5572 t 9 CW f (troff -Tpost -ms -o4,6,8-10)3 1458 1 1008 5742 t 9 I f (f ile)1 122 1 2520 5742 t 9 R f (1)2649 5742 w 9 I f (f ile)1 122 1 2770 5742 t 9 R f (2)2899 5742 w 10 R f ( 8 through 10 of a document contained in the files named)11 2371(requests formatting of pages 4, 6, and)6 1545 2 720 5922 t 10 I f (f ile)1 136 1 4669 5922 t 10 R f (1 and)1 227 1 4813 5922 t 10 I f (f ile)1 136 1 720 6042 t 10 R f (2, specifies the output device as a Postscript printer, and invokes the macro package)13 3352 1 864 6042 t 10 CW f (-ms)4241 6042 w 10 R f (.)4421 6042 w (Various pre- and post-processors are available for use with)8 2405 1 970 6198 t 10 I f (nroff)3407 6198 w 10 R f (and)3634 6198 w 10 I f (troff)3810 6198 w 10 R f ( include the equa-)3 736(. These)1 321 2 3983 6198 t (tion preprocessor)1 699 1 720 6318 t 10 I f (eqn)1453 6318 w 10 R f (\(for)1631 6318 w 10 I f (troff)1814 6318 w 10 R f (only\), the table-construction preprocessor)3 1690 1 2021 6318 t 10 I f (tbl)3745 6318 w 10 R f (, and)1 203 1 3851 6318 t 10 I f (pic)4087 6318 w 10 R f (,)4209 6318 w 10 I f (ideal)4267 6318 w 10 R f (, and)1 202 1 4467 6318 t 10 I f (grap)4702 6318 w 10 R f (for)4924 6318 w ( reverse-line postprocessor)2 1087( A)1 131(various forms of graphics.)3 1075 3 720 6438 t 10 I f (col)3047 6438 w 10 R f (is available for multiple-column)3 1315 1 3204 6438 t 10 I f (nroff)4554 6438 w 10 R f (output)4784 6438 w ( ability;)1 321(on terminals without reverse-line)3 1362 2 720 6558 t 10 I f (col)2440 6558 w 10 R f (expects the Model 37 Teletype escape sequences that)7 2209 1 2599 6558 t 10 I f (nroff)4845 6558 w 10 R f (produces by default.)2 812 1 720 6678 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 3 5 %%Page: 4 6 /saveobj save def mark 6 pagesetup 10 R f (- 4 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 12 B f (Request Summary)1 950 1 2405 840 t 10 R f (In the following table, the notation)5 1403 1 970 996 t 10 S f (\261)2402 996 w 10 I f (N)2465 996 w 10 R f (in the)1 229 1 2561 996 t 10 BI f (Request Form)1 591 1 2819 996 t 10 R f (column means that the forms)4 1176 1 3439 996 t 10 I f (N)4644 996 w 10 R f (,)4711 996 w 10 S f (+)4765 996 w 10 I f (N)4836 996 w 10 R f (, or)1 137 1 4903 996 t 10 S f (-)720 1116 w 10 I f (N)791 1116 w 10 R f (are permitted, to set the parameter to)6 1490 1 887 1116 t 10 I f (N)2406 1116 w 10 R f (, increment it by)3 667 1 2473 1116 t 10 I f (N)3169 1116 w 10 R f (, or decrement it by)4 795 1 3236 1116 t 10 I f (N)4059 1116 w 10 R f ( Plain)1 259(, respectively.)1 560 2 4126 1116 t 10 I f (N)4973 1116 w 10 R f (means that the value is used to set the parameter.)9 2078 1 720 1236 t 10 BI f (Initial Values)1 580 1 2862 1236 t 10 R f (separated by)1 515 1 3481 1236 t 10 CW f (;)4035 1236 w 10 R f (are for)1 276 1 4134 1236 t 10 I f (troff)4449 1236 w 10 R f (and)4661 1236 w 10 I f (nroff)4845 1236 w 10 R f ( the)1 147(respectively. In)1 640 2 720 1356 t 10 BI f (Notes)1532 1356 w 10 R f (column,)1790 1356 w ( use of)2 280( The)1 212( normally causes a break.)4 1039(B Request)1 703 4 1151 1536 t 10 CW f (')3418 1536 w 10 R f (as control character \(instead of)4 1261 1 3511 1536 t 10 CW f (.)1532 1656 w 10 R f (\) suppresses the break function.)4 1261 1 1592 1656 t ( or relevant parameters associated with current diversion level.)8 2502(D Mode)1 617 2 1148 1776 t ( parameters are a part of the current environment.)8 1974(E Relevant)1 733 2 1154 1896 t ( stay in effect until logical output.)6 1352(O Must)1 590 2 1148 2016 t ( must be still or again in effect at the time of physical output.)13 2437(P Mode)1 609 2 1156 2136 t (T)1154 2256 w 10 I f (troff)1532 2256 w 10 R f (only; no effect in)3 685 1 1730 2256 t 10 I f (nroff)2440 2256 w 10 R f (.)2635 2256 w 10 B f (v)987 2376 w 10 R f (,)1037 2376 w 10 B f (p)1087 2376 w 10 R f (,)1143 2376 w 10 B f (m)1193 2376 w 10 R f (,)1276 2376 w 10 B f (u)1326 2376 w 10 R f (Default scale indicator; if not specified, scale indicators are ignored.)9 2724 1 1532 2376 t 9 BI f ( No)1 133( If)1 340(Request Initial)1 1104 3 720 2721 t ( Explanation)1 621( Notes)1 432( Argument)1 660(Form Value)1 1094 4 720 2831 t 9 R f (1)720 2996 w 9 B f ( Information)1 493(. General)1 379 2 765 2996 t 9 R f (2)720 3161 w 9 B f ( and Character Size Control)4 1087(. Font)1 249 2 765 3161 t 9 CW f (.ps)720 3326 w 9 S f (\261)936 3326 w 9 I f (N)993 3326 w 9 R f ( size; also)2 356( Point)1 428( E,T)1 420( previous)1 517(10 point)1 298 5 1594 3326 t 9 CW f (\\s)3643 3326 w 9 S f (\261)3758 3326 w 9 I f (N)3815 3326 w 9 R f (.)3875 3326 w 9 CW f (.ss)720 3436 w 9 I f (N)936 3436 w 9 R f (12/36)1594 3436 w 9 B f (m)1799 3436 w 9 R f ( size set to)3 379( Space-character)1 813(ignored E,T)1 730 3 2099 3436 t 9 I f (N /)1 92 1 4044 3436 t 9 R f (36 em.)1 246 1 4143 3436 t 9 CW f (.cs)720 3546 w 9 I f (F N M)2 326 1 936 3546 t 9 R f ( character space \(width\) mode \(font)5 1285( Constant)1 563( P,T)1 695(off -)1 535 4 1594 3546 t 9 I f (F)4695 3546 w 9 R f (\).)4750 3546 w 9 CW f (.bd)720 3656 w 9 I f (F N)1 183 1 936 3656 t 9 R f ( font)1 168( Embolden)1 613( P,T)1 695(off -)1 535 4 1594 3656 t 9 I f (F)3628 3656 w 9 R f (by)3706 3656 w 9 I f (N)3819 3656 w 9 S f (-)3901 3656 w 9 R f (1 units.)1 266 1 3966 3656 t 9 CW f (.bd S)1 270 1 720 3766 t 9 I f (F N)1 183 1 1051 3766 t 9 R f ( Special Font when current font is)6 1223( Embolden)1 613( P,T)1 695(off -)1 535 4 1594 3766 t 9 I f (F)4683 3766 w 9 R f (.)4738 3766 w 9 CW f (.ft)720 3876 w 9 I f (F)943 3876 w 9 R f ( to font)2 261( Change)1 591( E)1 342(Roman previous)1 815 4 1594 3876 t 9 I f (F)3626 3876 w 9 R f (; also)1 193 1 3681 3876 t 9 CW f (\\f)3904 3876 w 9 I f (x)4019 3876 w 9 R f (,)4059 3876 w 9 CW f (\\f\()4112 3876 w 9 I f (xx)4281 3876 w 9 R f (,)4361 3876 w 9 CW f (\\f)4414 3876 w 9 I f (N)4529 3876 w 9 R f (.)4589 3876 w 9 CW f (.fp)720 3986 w 9 I f (N F L)2 301 1 943 3986 t 9 R f ( font named)2 431( Mount)1 581( -)1 352(R,I,B,...,S ignored)1 780 4 1594 3986 t 9 I f (F)3761 3986 w 9 R f (on physical position)2 726 1 3839 3986 t 9 I f (N)4588 3986 w 9 S f (\263)4670 3986 w 9 R f (1;)4735 3986 w (long name is)2 461 1 3113 4096 t 9 I f (L)3597 4096 w 9 R f (if given.)1 301 1 3670 4096 t (3)720 4261 w 9 B f ( Control)1 323(. Page)1 254 2 765 4261 t 9 CW f (.pl)720 4371 w 9 S f (\261)936 4371 w 9 I f (N)993 4371 w 9 R f (11i 11i)1 620 1 1594 4371 t 9 B f (v)2696 4371 w 9 R f (Page length.)1 446 1 3067 4371 t 9 CW f (.bp)720 4481 w 9 S f (\261)936 4481 w 9 I f (N N)1 661 1 993 4481 t 9 S f (=)1676 4481 w 9 R f ( B,)1 650(1 -)1 388 2 1741 4481 t 9 B f (v)2779 4481 w 9 R f (Eject current page; next page number)5 1350 1 3067 4481 t 9 I f (N)4440 4481 w 9 R f (.)4500 4481 w 9 CW f (.pn)720 4591 w 9 S f (\261)936 4591 w 9 I f (N N)1 661 1 993 4591 t 9 S f (=)1676 4591 w 9 R f ( page number)2 491( Next)1 516( -)1 352(1 ignored)1 633 4 1741 4591 t 9 I f (N)3756 4591 w 9 R f (.)3816 4591 w 9 CW f (.po)720 4701 w 9 S f (\261)936 4701 w 9 I f (N)993 4701 w 9 R f ( previous)1 652(1i; 0)1 163 2 1594 4701 t 9 B f (v)2696 4701 w 9 R f (Page offset.)1 426 1 3067 4701 t 9 CW f (.ne)720 4811 w 9 I f (N)936 4811 w 9 R f (-)1594 4811 w 9 I f (N)2099 4811 w 9 S f (=)2181 4811 w 9 R f ( D,)1 441(1 v)1 97 2 2246 4811 t 9 B f (v)2784 4811 w 9 R f (Need)3067 4811 w 9 I f (N)3280 4811 w 9 R f (vertical space.)1 516 1 3363 4811 t 9 CW f (.mk)720 4921 w 9 I f (R)936 4921 w 9 R f ( current vertical place in register)5 1170( Mark)1 501( D)1 387(none internal)1 780 4 1594 4921 t 9 I f (R)4455 4921 w 9 R f (.)4510 4921 w 9 CW f (.rt)720 5031 w 9 S f (\261)936 5031 w 9 I f (N)993 5031 w 9 R f ( D,)1 410(none internal)1 780 2 1594 5031 t 9 B f (v)2784 5031 w 9 R f (Return \(upward only\) to marked vertical place.)6 1696 1 3067 5031 t (4)720 5196 w 9 B f ( Filling, Adjusting, and Centering)4 1298(. Text)1 244 2 765 5196 t 9 CW f (.br)720 5306 w 9 R f ( Break.)1 549( B)1 627(- -)1 535 3 1594 5306 t 9 CW f (.fi)720 5416 w 9 R f ( output lines.)2 469( Fill)1 358( B,E)1 705(fill -)1 535 4 1594 5416 t 9 CW f (.nf)720 5526 w 9 R f ( filling or adjusting of output lines.)6 1261( No)1 343( B,E)1 705(fill -)1 535 4 1594 5526 t 9 CW f (.ad)720 5636 w 9 I f (c)936 5636 w 9 R f ( output lines with mode)4 852( Adjust)1 556( E)1 437( adjust)1 404(adj, both)1 316 5 1594 5636 t 9 I f (c)4182 5636 w 9 R f (;)4222 5636 w 9 I f (c)4293 5636 w 9 S f (=)4355 5636 w 9 CW f (l)4427 5636 w 9 R f (,)4488 5636 w 9 CW f (r)4525 5636 w 9 R f (,)4586 5636 w 9 CW f (c)4623 5636 w 9 R f (,)4684 5636 w 9 CW f (b)4721 5636 w 9 R f (,)4782 5636 w 9 I f (none)4812 5636 w 9 CW f (.na)720 5746 w 9 R f ( output line adjusting.)3 787( No)1 426( E)1 622(adjust -)1 535 4 1594 5746 t 9 CW f (.ce)720 5856 w 9 I f (N)936 5856 w 9 R f (off)1594 5856 w 9 I f (N)2099 5856 w 9 S f (=)2181 5856 w 9 R f ( next)1 178( Center)1 473(1 B,E)1 588 3 2246 5856 t 9 I f (N)3508 5856 w 9 R f (input text lines.)2 559 1 3591 5856 t (5)720 6021 w 9 B f ( Spacing)1 328(. Vertical)1 379 2 765 6021 t 9 CW f (.vs)720 6131 w 9 I f (N)936 6131 w 9 R f ( E,)1 365( previous)1 492(12p; 1/6i)1 323 3 1594 6131 t 9 B f (p)2774 6131 w 9 R f (Vertical baseline spacing \()3 959 1 3067 6131 t 9 I f (V)4026 6131 w 9 R f (\).)4081 6131 w 9 CW f (.ls)720 6241 w 9 I f (N N)1 718 1 936 6241 t 9 S f (=)1676 6241 w 9 R f ( Output)1 566( E)1 342(1 previous)1 668 3 1741 6241 t 9 I f (N)3340 6241 w 9 S f (-)3422 6241 w 9 R f (1)3487 6241 w 9 B f (v)3555 6241 w 9 R f ('s after each text output line.)5 1033 1 3600 6241 t 9 CW f (.sp)720 6351 w 9 I f (N)936 6351 w 9 R f (-)1594 6351 w 9 I f (N)2099 6351 w 9 S f (=)2181 6351 w 9 R f (1v B,)1 533 1 2246 6351 t 9 B f (v)2779 6351 w 9 R f (Space vertical distance)2 826 1 3067 6351 t 9 I f (N)3916 6351 w 9 R f (in either direction.)2 664 1 3999 6351 t 9 CW f (.sv)720 6461 w 9 I f (N)936 6461 w 9 R f (-)1594 6461 w 9 I f (N)2099 6461 w 9 S f (=)2181 6461 w 9 R f (1v)2246 6461 w 9 B f (v)2696 6461 w 9 R f (Save vertical distance)2 786 1 3067 6461 t 9 I f (N)3876 6461 w 9 R f (.)3936 6461 w 9 CW f (.os)720 6571 w 9 R f ( saved vertical distance.)3 862( Output)1 591( -)1 597(- -)1 535 4 1594 6571 t 9 CW f (.ns)720 6681 w 9 R f ( no-space mode on.)3 702( Turn)1 481( D)1 632(space -)1 535 4 1594 6681 t 9 CW f (.rs)720 6791 w 9 R f ( spacing; turn no-space mode off.)5 1208( Restore)1 581( D)1 632(- -)1 535 4 1594 6791 t (6)720 6956 w 9 B f ( Length and Indenting)3 864(. Line)1 244 2 765 6956 t 9 CW f (.ll)720 7066 w 9 S f (\261)936 7066 w 9 I f (N)993 7066 w 9 R f ( E,)1 365(6.5i previous)1 815 2 1594 7066 t 9 B f (m)2774 7066 w 9 R f (Line length.)1 436 1 3067 7066 t 9 CW f (.in)720 7176 w 9 S f (\261)936 7176 w 9 I f (N N)1 661 1 993 7176 t 9 S f (=)1676 7176 w 9 R f ( B,E,)1 448(0 previous)1 668 2 1741 7176 t 9 B f (m)2857 7176 w 9 R f (Indent.)3067 7176 w 9 CW f (.ti)720 7286 w 9 S f (\261)936 7286 w 9 I f (N)993 7286 w 9 R f ( B,E,)1 483(- ignored)1 780 2 1594 7286 t 9 B f (m)2857 7286 w 9 R f (Temporary indent.)1 671 1 3067 7286 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 4 6 %%Page: 5 7 /saveobj save def mark 7 pagesetup 10 R f (- 5 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 9 R f (7)720 830 w 9 B f ( Strings, Diversion, and Position Traps)5 1491(. Macros,)1 382 2 765 830 t 9 CW f (.de)720 940 w 9 I f (xx yy)1 228 1 936 940 t 9 R f (-)1594 940 w 9 I f (. yy)1 110 1 2099 940 t 9 S f (=)2231 940 w 9 CW f (..)2303 940 w 9 R f ( or redefine macro)3 664(- Define)1 616 2 2696 940 t 9 I f (xx)3999 940 w 9 R f (; end at call of)4 517 1 4079 940 t 9 I f (yy)4619 940 w 9 R f (.)4699 940 w 9 CW f (.am)720 1050 w 9 I f (xx yy)1 228 1 936 1050 t 9 R f (-)1594 1050 w 9 I f (. yy)1 110 1 2099 1050 t 9 S f (=)2231 1050 w 9 CW f (..)2303 1050 w 9 R f ( to a macro.)3 427(- Append)1 656 2 2696 1050 t 9 CW f (.ds)720 1160 w 9 I f (xx string)1 358 1 936 1160 t 9 R f ( a string)2 291( Define)1 586( -)1 352(- ignored)1 780 4 1594 1160 t 9 I f (xx)3626 1160 w 9 R f (containing)3729 1160 w 9 I f (string)4132 1160 w 9 R f (.)4342 1160 w 9 CW f (.as)720 1270 w 9 I f (xx string)1 358 1 936 1270 t 9 R f ( Append)1 626( -)1 352(- ignored)1 780 3 1594 1270 t 9 I f (string)3375 1270 w 9 R f (to string)1 298 1 3608 1270 t 9 I f (xx)3929 1270 w 9 R f (.)4009 1270 w 9 CW f (.rm)720 1380 w 9 I f (xx)936 1380 w 9 R f ( request, macro, or string.)4 926( Remove)1 641( -)1 352(- ignored)1 780 4 1594 1380 t 9 CW f (.rn)720 1490 w 9 I f (xx yy)1 228 1 936 1490 t 9 R f ( request, macro, or string)4 903( Rename)1 636( -)1 352(- ignored)1 780 4 1594 1490 t 9 I f (xx)4288 1490 w 9 R f (to)4391 1490 w 9 I f (yy)4484 1490 w 9 R f (.)4564 1490 w 9 CW f (.di)720 1600 w 9 I f (xx)936 1600 w 9 R f ( output to macro)3 594( Divert)1 536( D)1 532(- end)1 635 4 1594 1600 t 9 I f (xx)3914 1600 w 9 R f (.)3994 1600 w 9 CW f (.da)720 1710 w 9 I f (xx)936 1710 w 9 R f ( and append to)3 529( Divert)1 536( D)1 532(- end)1 635 4 1594 1710 t 9 I f (xx)3849 1710 w 9 R f (.)3929 1710 w 9 CW f (.wh)720 1820 w 9 I f (N xx)1 208 1 936 1820 t 9 R f (- -)1 535 1 1594 1820 t 9 B f (v)2696 1820 w 9 R f (Set location trap; negative is w.r.t. page bottom.)7 1733 1 3067 1820 t 9 CW f (.ch)720 1930 w 9 I f (xx N)1 208 1 936 1930 t 9 R f (- -)1 535 1 1594 1930 t 9 B f (v)2696 1930 w 9 R f (Change trap location.)2 774 1 3067 1930 t 9 CW f (.dt)720 2040 w 9 I f (N xx)1 208 1 936 2040 t 9 R f ( D,)1 580(- off)1 610 2 1594 2040 t 9 B f (v)2784 2040 w 9 R f (Set a diversion trap.)3 722 1 3067 2040 t 9 CW f (.it)720 2150 w 9 I f (N xx)1 208 1 936 2150 t 9 R f ( an input-line count trap.)4 890( Set)1 431( E)1 547(- off)1 610 4 1594 2150 t 9 CW f (.em)720 2260 w 9 I f (xx)936 2260 w 9 R f ( macro is)2 331( End)1 486( -)1 452(none none)1 680 4 1594 2260 t 9 I f (xx)3566 2260 w 9 R f (.)3646 2260 w (8)720 2425 w 9 B f ( Registers)1 378(. Number)1 389 2 765 2425 t 9 CW f (.nr)720 2535 w 9 I f (R)936 2535 w 9 S f (\261)1059 2535 w 9 I f (N M)1 203 1 1116 2535 t 9 R f (-)2099 2535 w 9 B f (u)2696 2535 w 9 R f (Define and set number register)4 1112 1 3067 2535 t 9 I f (R)4202 2535 w 9 R f (; auto-increment by)2 706 1 4257 2535 t 9 I f (M)4986 2535 w 9 R f (.)5061 2535 w 9 CW f (.af)720 2645 w 9 I f (R c)1 163 1 936 2645 t 9 R f ( format to register)3 649( Assign)1 591( -)1 597(arabic -)1 535 4 1594 2645 t 9 I f (R)3989 2645 w 9 R f (\()4067 2645 w 9 I f (c)4097 2645 w 9 S f (=)4159 2645 w 9 CW f (1)4231 2645 w 9 R f (,)4292 2645 w 9 CW f (i)4329 2645 w 9 R f (,)4390 2645 w 9 CW f (I)4427 2645 w 9 R f (,)4488 2645 w 9 CW f (a)4525 2645 w 9 R f (,)4586 2645 w 9 CW f (A)4623 2645 w 9 R f (\).)4677 2645 w 9 CW f (.rr)720 2755 w 9 I f (R)936 2755 w 9 R f ( register)1 293( Remove)1 641( -)1 597(- -)1 535 4 1594 2755 t 9 I f (R)3683 2755 w 9 R f (.)3738 2755 w (9)720 2920 w 9 B f ( Leaders, and Fields)3 777(. Tabs,)1 282 2 765 2920 t 9 CW f (.ta)720 3030 w 9 I f ( . .)2 60(Nt .)1 176 2 943 3030 t 9 R f ( E,)1 500( none)1 336(0.5i; 0.8n)1 344 3 1594 3030 t 9 B f (m)2774 3030 w 9 R f (Tab settings; left-adjusting, unless)3 1237 1 3067 3030 t 9 I f (t)4327 3030 w 9 S f (=)4374 3030 w 9 CW f (R)4446 3030 w 9 R f (\(right\),)4523 3030 w 9 CW f (C)4806 3030 w 9 R f (\(centered\).)4883 3030 w 9 CW f (.tc)720 3140 w 9 I f (c)943 3140 w 9 R f ( repetition character.)2 744( Tab)1 456( E)1 477(none none)1 680 4 1594 3140 t 9 CW f (.lc)720 3250 w 9 I f (c)943 3250 w 9 CW f (.)1601 3250 w 9 R f ( repetition character.)2 744( Leader)1 566(none E)1 652 3 2099 3250 t 9 CW f (.fc)720 3360 w 9 I f (a b)1 158 1 943 3360 t 9 R f ( field delimiter)2 536( Set)1 456( -)1 522(off off)1 610 4 1594 3360 t 9 I f (a)3741 3360 w 9 R f (and pad character)2 636 1 3809 3360 t 9 I f (b)4468 3360 w 9 R f (.)4513 3360 w (10)720 3525 w 9 B f ( and Output Conventions and Character Translations)6 2068(. Input)1 284 2 810 3525 t 9 CW f (.ec)720 3635 w 9 I f (c)943 3635 w 9 R f ( escape character.)2 639( Set)1 456( -)1 602(\\ \\)1 530 4 1594 3635 t 9 CW f (.eo)720 3745 w 9 R f ( off escape character mechanism.)4 1200( Turn)1 516( -)1 597(on -)1 535 4 1594 3745 t 9 CW f (.lg)720 3855 w 9 I f (N)943 3855 w 9 R f ( mode on if)3 414( Ligature)1 621( T)1 562( on)1 427(on; -)1 168 5 1594 3855 t 9 I f (N)3809 3855 w 9 S f (>)3891 3855 w 9 R f (0.)3956 3855 w 9 CW f (.ul)720 3965 w 9 I f (N)943 3965 w 9 R f (off)1594 3965 w 9 I f (N)2099 3965 w 9 S f (=)2181 3965 w 9 R f ( \(italicize in)2 431( Underline)1 676(1 E)1 505 3 2246 3965 t 9 I f (troff)3881 3965 w 9 R f (\))4036 3965 w 9 I f (N)4089 3965 w 9 R f (input lines.)1 401 1 4172 3965 t 9 CW f (.cu)720 4075 w 9 I f (N)943 4075 w 9 R f (off)1594 4075 w 9 I f (N)2099 4075 w 9 S f (=)2181 4075 w 9 R f ( underline in)2 456( Continuous)1 731(1 E)1 505 3 2246 4075 t 9 I f (nroff)3961 4075 w 9 R f (; in)1 118 1 4136 4075 t 9 I f (troff)4277 4075 w 9 R f (, like)1 181 1 4432 4075 t 9 CW f (ul)4643 4075 w 9 R f (.)4751 4075 w 9 CW f (.uf)720 4185 w 9 I f (F)943 4185 w 9 R f ( font set to)3 384( Underline)1 701( -)1 442(Italic Italic)1 690 4 1594 4185 t 9 I f (F)3834 4185 w 9 R f (\(to be switched to by)4 757 1 3912 4185 t 9 CW f (ul)4699 4185 w 9 R f (\).)4807 4185 w 9 CW f (.cc)720 4295 w 9 I f (c)943 4295 w 9 CW f (. .)1 559 1 1601 4295 t 9 R f ( control character to)3 724(E Set)1 486 2 2696 4295 t 9 I f (c)3929 4295 w 9 R f (.)3969 4295 w 9 CW f (.c2)720 4405 w 9 I f (c)943 4405 w 9 CW f (' ')1 559 1 1601 4405 t 9 R f ( no-break control character to)4 1067(E Set)1 486 2 2696 4405 t 9 I f (c)4272 4405 w 9 R f (.)4312 4405 w 9 CW f (.tr)720 4515 w 9 I f (abcd.)943 4515 w 9 R f ( Translate)1 641( O)1 632( -)1 360(... none)1 628 4 1141 4515 t 9 I f (a)3425 4515 w 9 R f (to)3493 4515 w 9 I f (b)3586 4515 w 9 R f (, etc., on output.)3 586 1 3631 4515 t (11)720 4680 w 9 B f ( Horizontal and Vertical Motions, and the Width Function)8 2247(. Local)1 284 2 810 4680 t 9 R f (12)720 4845 w 9 B f ( Bracket, Line-drawing, Graphics, and Zero-width Functions)6 2352(. Overstrike,)1 507 2 810 4845 t 9 R f (13)720 5010 w 9 B f (. Hyphenation.)1 592 1 810 5010 t 9 CW f (.nh)720 5120 w 9 R f ( hyphenation.)1 491( No)1 426( E)1 622(hyphenate -)1 535 4 1594 5120 t 9 CW f (.hy)720 5230 w 9 I f (N)943 5230 w 9 R f ( Hyphenate;)1 731( E)1 282(hyphenate hyphenate)1 875 3 1594 5230 t 9 I f (N)3505 5230 w 9 S f (=)3587 5230 w 9 R f (mode.)3660 5230 w 9 CW f (.hc)720 5340 w 9 I f (c)943 5340 w 9 CW f (\\% \\%)1 613 1 1601 5340 t 9 R f ( indicator character)2 696(E Hyphenation)1 836 2 2696 5340 t 9 I f (c)4251 5340 w 9 R f (.)4291 5340 w 9 CW f (.hw)720 5450 w 9 I f ( . .)2 60(word .)1 276 2 943 5450 t 9 R f ( words to hyphenation dictionary.)4 1215( Add)1 496(ignored -)1 627 3 2099 5450 t (14)720 5615 w 9 B f ( Titles.)1 261(. Three-Part)1 499 2 810 5615 t 9 CW f (.tl)720 5725 w 9 S f (\242)943 5725 w 9 I f (l)973 5725 w 9 S f (\242)1005 5725 w 9 I f (c)1035 5725 w 9 S f (\242)1082 5725 w 9 I f (r)1112 5725 w 9 S f (\242)1154 5725 w 9 R f ( title; delimiter may be any character.)6 1351( Three-part)1 721(- -)1 627 3 2099 5725 t 9 CW f (.pc)720 5835 w 9 I f (c)943 5835 w 9 CW f (%)1601 5835 w 9 R f ( number character.)2 674( Page)1 516(off -)1 627 3 2099 5835 t 9 CW f (.lt)720 5945 w 9 S f (\261)943 5945 w 9 I f (N)1000 5945 w 9 R f ( E,)1 365(6.5i previous)1 815 2 1594 5945 t 9 B f (m)2774 5945 w 9 R f (Length of title.)2 539 1 3067 5945 t (15)720 6110 w 9 B f ( Line Numbering.)2 684(. Output)1 349 2 810 6110 t 9 CW f (.nm)720 6220 w 9 S f (\261)943 6220 w 9 I f (N M S I)3 297 1 1000 6220 t 9 R f ( mode on or off, set parameters.)6 1149( Number)1 611(off E)1 652 3 2099 6220 t 9 CW f (.nn)720 6330 w 9 I f (N)943 6330 w 9 R f (-)1594 6330 w 9 I f (N)2099 6330 w 9 S f (=)2181 6330 w 9 R f ( not number next)3 614( Do)1 426(1 E)1 505 3 2246 6330 t 9 I f (N)3814 6330 w 9 R f (lines.)3897 6330 w (16)720 6495 w 9 B f ( Acceptance of Input)3 799(. Conditional)1 524 2 810 6495 t 9 CW f (.if)720 6605 w 9 I f (c any)1 238 1 943 6605 t 9 R f ( condition)1 363( If)1 401(- -)1 627 3 2099 6605 t 9 I f (c)3513 6605 w 9 R f (true, accept)1 416 1 3576 6605 t 9 I f (any)4015 6605 w 9 R f (as input;)1 308 1 4168 6605 t (for multi-line, use)2 649 1 3113 6715 t 9 CW f (\\{)3792 6715 w 9 I f (any)3907 6715 w 9 CW f (\\})4051 6715 w 9 R f (.)4159 6715 w 9 CW f (.if !)1 270 1 720 6825 t 9 I f (c any)1 238 1 990 6825 t 9 R f ( condition)1 363( If)1 401(- -)1 627 3 2099 6825 t 9 I f (c)3513 6825 w 9 R f (false, accept)1 446 1 3576 6825 t 9 I f (any)4045 6825 w 9 R f (.)4175 6825 w 9 CW f (.if)720 6935 w 9 I f (N any)1 258 1 943 6935 t 9 R f (-)2099 6935 w 9 B f (u)2696 6935 w 9 R f (If expression)1 468 1 3067 6935 t 9 I f (N)3558 6935 w 9 S f (>)3640 6935 w 9 R f (0, accept)1 321 1 3705 6935 t 9 I f (any)4049 6935 w 9 R f (.)4179 6935 w 9 CW f (.if !)1 270 1 720 7045 t 9 I f (N any)1 258 1 990 7045 t 9 R f (-)2099 7045 w 9 B f (u)2696 7045 w 9 R f (If expression)1 468 1 3067 7045 t 9 I f (N)3558 7045 w 9 S f (\243)3625 7045 w 9 R f (0 [sic], accept)2 504 1 3682 7045 t 9 I f (any)4209 7045 w 9 R f (.)4339 7045 w 9 CW f (.if)720 7155 w 9 S f (\242)943 7155 w 9 I f (s)973 7155 w 9 R f (1)1015 7155 w 9 S f (\242)1067 7155 w 9 I f (s)1097 7155 w 9 R f (2)1139 7155 w 9 S f (\242)1191 7155 w 9 I f (any)1282 7155 w 9 R f ( string)1 228( If)1 401(- -)1 627 3 2099 7155 t 9 I f (s)3378 7155 w 9 R f (1 identical to)2 471 1 3420 7155 t 9 I f (s)3914 7155 w 9 R f (2, accept)1 321 1 3956 7155 t 9 I f (any)4300 7155 w 9 R f (.)4430 7155 w 9 CW f (.if !)1 270 1 720 7265 t 9 S f (\242)990 7265 w 9 I f (s)1020 7265 w 9 R f (1)1062 7265 w 9 S f (\242)1114 7265 w 9 I f (s)1144 7265 w 9 R f (2)1186 7265 w 9 S f (\242)1238 7265 w 9 I f (any)1329 7265 w 9 R f ( string)1 228( If)1 401(- -)1 627 3 2099 7265 t 9 I f (s)3378 7265 w 9 R f (1 not identical to)3 609 1 3420 7265 t 9 I f (s)4052 7265 w 9 R f (2, accept)1 321 1 4094 7265 t 9 I f (any)4438 7265 w 9 R f (.)4568 7265 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 5 7 %%Page: 6 8 /saveobj save def mark 8 pagesetup 10 R f (- 6 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 9 CW f (.ie)720 830 w 9 I f (c any)1 238 1 943 830 t 9 R f (-)2099 830 w 9 B f (u)2696 830 w 9 R f (If portion of if-else; all above forms \(like)7 1486 1 3067 830 t 9 CW f (if)4583 830 w 9 R f (\).)4691 830 w 9 CW f (.el)720 940 w 9 I f (any)943 940 w 9 R f ( portion of if-else.)3 652( Else)1 496(- -)1 627 3 2099 940 t (17)720 1105 w 9 B f ( Switching)1 403(. Environment)1 579 2 810 1105 t 9 CW f (.ev)720 1215 w 9 I f (N N)1 711 1 943 1215 t 9 S f (=)1676 1215 w 9 R f ( switch \(push down\).)3 757( Environment)1 811( -)1 317(0 previous)1 668 4 1741 1215 t (18)720 1380 w 9 B f ( from the Standard Input)4 977(. Insertions)1 454 2 810 1380 t 9 CW f (.rd)720 1490 w 9 I f (prompt)943 1490 w 9 R f (-)1594 1490 w 9 I f (prompt)2099 1490 w 9 R f (=)2359 1490 w 8 R f (BEL)2409 1490 w 9 R f ( insertion.)1 361(- Read)1 556 2 2696 1490 t 9 CW f (.ex)720 1600 w 9 R f ( Exit.)1 514( -)1 597(- -)1 535 3 1594 1600 t (19)720 1765 w 9 B f ( File Switching)2 571(. Input/Output)1 589 2 810 1765 t 9 CW f (.so)720 1875 w 9 I f (f ilename)1 317 1 951 1875 t 9 R f ( source file \(push down\).)4 900( Switch)1 591(- -)1 627 3 2099 1875 t 9 CW f (.nx)720 1985 w 9 I f (f ilename)1 317 1 951 1985 t 9 R f ( file.)1 166( Next)1 516(end-of-file -)1 627 3 2099 1985 t 9 CW f (.sy)720 2095 w 9 I f (string)943 2095 w 9 R f ( program)1 328( Execute)1 631(- -)1 627 3 2099 2095 t 9 I f (string)3708 2095 w 9 R f ( is not interpolated.)3 697(. Output)1 319 2 3918 2095 t 9 CW f (.pi)720 2205 w 9 I f (string)943 2205 w 9 R f ( output to program)3 674( Pipe)1 501(- -)1 627 3 2099 2205 t 9 I f (string)3924 2205 w 9 R f (.)4134 2205 w 9 CW f (.cf)720 2315 w 9 I f (f ilename)1 317 1 951 2315 t 9 R f ( file contents to)3 559( Copy)1 536(- -)1 627 3 2099 2315 t 9 I f (troff)3844 2315 w 9 R f (output.)4022 2315 w (20)720 2480 w 9 B f (. Miscellaneous)1 609 1 810 2480 t 9 CW f (.mc)720 2590 w 9 I f (c N)1 168 1 943 2590 t 9 R f ( E,)1 570(- off)1 610 2 1594 2590 t 9 B f (m)2774 2590 w 9 R f (Set margin character)2 746 1 3067 2590 t 9 I f (c)3836 2590 w 9 R f (and separation)1 523 1 3899 2590 t 9 I f (N)4445 2590 w 9 R f (.)4505 2590 w 9 CW f (.tm)720 2700 w 9 I f (string)943 2700 w 9 R f ( Print)1 516( -)1 342(- newline)1 790 3 1594 2700 t 9 I f (string)3265 2700 w 9 R f (on terminal \(standard error\).)3 1022 1 3498 2700 t 9 CW f (.ab)720 2810 w 9 I f (string)943 2810 w 9 R f ( Print)1 516( -)1 342(- newline)1 790 3 1594 2810 t 9 I f (string)3265 2810 w 9 R f (on standard error, exit program.)4 1148 1 3498 2810 t 9 CW f (.ig)720 2920 w 9 I f (yy)943 2920 w 9 R f (-)1594 2920 w 9 I f (. yy)1 110 1 2099 2920 t 9 S f (=)2231 2920 w 9 CW f (..)2303 2920 w 9 R f ( input until call of)4 647(- Ignore)1 606 2 2696 2920 t 9 I f (yy)3972 2920 w 9 R f (.)4052 2920 w 9 CW f (.lf)720 3030 w 9 I f (N f)1 161 1 943 3030 t 9 R f ( input line number to)4 757( Set)1 456(- -)1 627 3 2099 3030 t 9 I f (N)3962 3030 w 9 R f (and filename to)2 561 1 4045 3030 t 9 I f (f)4629 3030 w 9 R f (.)4654 3030 w 9 CW f (.pm)720 3140 w 9 I f (t)943 3140 w 9 R f ( macro names, sizes; if)4 825( Print)1 516( -)1 537(- all)1 595 4 1594 3140 t 9 I f (t)4090 3140 w 9 R f (present, print only total of sizes.)5 1161 1 4138 3140 t 9 CW f (.fl)720 3250 w 9 R f ( output buffer.)2 519( Flush)1 511( B)1 627(- -)1 535 4 1594 3250 t (21)720 3415 w 9 B f ( and Error Messages)3 799(. Output)1 349 2 810 3415 t 9 R f (22)720 3580 w 9 B f ( Language)1 403(. Output)1 349 2 810 3580 t 9 R f (23)720 3745 w 9 B f ( and Font Description Files)4 1042(. Device)1 324 2 810 3745 t 12 B f (Alphabetical Request and Section Number Cross Reference)6 3046 1 1357 4061 t 9 CW f (ab)720 4262 w 9 R f (20)882 4262 w 9 CW f (ad)720 4367 w 9 R f (4)927 4367 w 9 CW f (af)720 4472 w 9 R f (8)927 4472 w 9 CW f (am)720 4577 w 9 R f (7)927 4577 w 9 CW f (as)720 4682 w 9 R f (7)927 4682 w 9 CW f (bd)720 4787 w 9 R f (2)927 4787 w 9 CW f (bp)720 4892 w 9 R f (3)927 4892 w 9 CW f (br)720 4997 w 9 R f (4)927 4997 w 9 CW f (c2)720 5102 w 9 R f (10)882 5102 w 9 CW f (cc)720 5207 w 9 R f (10)882 5207 w 9 CW f (ce)1200 4262 w 9 R f (4)1407 4262 w 9 CW f (cf)1200 4367 w 9 R f (19)1362 4367 w 9 CW f (ch)1200 4472 w 9 R f (7)1407 4472 w 9 CW f (cs)1200 4577 w 9 R f (2)1407 4577 w 9 CW f (cu)1200 4682 w 9 R f (10)1362 4682 w 9 CW f (da)1200 4787 w 9 R f (7)1407 4787 w 9 CW f (de)1200 4892 w 9 R f (7)1407 4892 w 9 CW f (di)1200 4997 w 9 R f (7)1407 4997 w 9 CW f (ds)1200 5102 w 9 R f (7)1407 5102 w 9 CW f (dt)1200 5207 w 9 R f (7)1407 5207 w 9 CW f (ec)1680 4262 w 9 R f (10)1842 4262 w 9 CW f (el)1680 4367 w 9 R f (16)1842 4367 w 9 CW f (em)1680 4472 w 9 R f (7)1887 4472 w 9 CW f (eo)1680 4577 w 9 R f (10)1842 4577 w 9 CW f (ev)1680 4682 w 9 R f (17)1842 4682 w 9 CW f (ex)1680 4787 w 9 R f (18)1842 4787 w 9 CW f (fc)1680 4892 w 9 R f (9)1887 4892 w 9 CW f (fi)1680 4997 w 9 R f (4)1887 4997 w 9 CW f (fl)1680 5102 w 9 R f (20)1842 5102 w 9 CW f (fp)1680 5207 w 9 R f (2)1887 5207 w 9 CW f (ft)2160 4262 w 9 R f (2)2367 4262 w 9 CW f (hc)2160 4367 w 9 R f (13)2322 4367 w 9 CW f (hw)2160 4472 w 9 R f (13)2322 4472 w 9 CW f (hy)2160 4577 w 9 R f (13)2322 4577 w 9 CW f (ie)2160 4682 w 9 R f (16)2322 4682 w 9 CW f (if)2160 4787 w 9 R f (16)2322 4787 w 9 CW f (ig)2160 4892 w 9 R f (20)2322 4892 w 9 CW f (in)2160 4997 w 9 R f (6)2367 4997 w 9 CW f (it)2160 5102 w 9 R f (7)2367 5102 w 9 CW f (lc)2160 5207 w 9 R f (9)2367 5207 w 9 CW f (lg)2640 4262 w 9 R f (10)2802 4262 w 9 CW f (lf)2640 4367 w 9 R f (20)2802 4367 w 9 CW f (ll)2640 4472 w 9 R f (6)2847 4472 w 9 CW f (ls)2640 4577 w 9 R f (5)2847 4577 w 9 CW f (lt)2640 4682 w 9 R f (14)2802 4682 w 9 CW f (mc)2640 4787 w 9 R f (20)2802 4787 w 9 CW f (mk)2640 4892 w 9 R f (3)2847 4892 w 9 CW f (na)2640 4997 w 9 R f (4)2847 4997 w 9 CW f (ne)2640 5102 w 9 R f (3)2847 5102 w 9 CW f (nf)2640 5207 w 9 R f (4)2847 5207 w 9 CW f (nh)3120 4262 w 9 R f (13)3282 4262 w 9 CW f (nm)3120 4367 w 9 R f (15)3282 4367 w 9 CW f (nn)3120 4472 w 9 R f (15)3282 4472 w 9 CW f (nr)3120 4577 w 9 R f (8)3327 4577 w 9 CW f (ns)3120 4682 w 9 R f (5)3327 4682 w 9 CW f (nx)3120 4787 w 9 R f (19)3282 4787 w 9 CW f (os)3120 4892 w 9 R f (5)3327 4892 w 9 CW f (pc)3120 4997 w 9 R f (14)3282 4997 w 9 CW f (pi)3120 5102 w 9 R f (19)3282 5102 w 9 CW f (pl)3120 5207 w 9 R f (3)3327 5207 w 9 CW f (pm)3600 4262 w 9 R f (20)3762 4262 w 9 CW f (pn)3600 4367 w 9 R f (3)3807 4367 w 9 CW f (po)3600 4472 w 9 R f (3)3807 4472 w 9 CW f (ps)3600 4577 w 9 R f (2)3807 4577 w 9 CW f (rd)3600 4682 w 9 R f (18)3762 4682 w 9 CW f (rm)3600 4787 w 9 R f (7)3807 4787 w 9 CW f (rn)3600 4892 w 9 R f (7)3807 4892 w 9 CW f (rr)3600 4997 w 9 R f (8)3807 4997 w 9 CW f (rs)3600 5102 w 9 R f (5)3807 5102 w 9 CW f (rt)3600 5207 w 9 R f (3)3807 5207 w 9 CW f (so)4080 4262 w 9 R f (19)4242 4262 w 9 CW f (sp)4080 4367 w 9 R f (5)4287 4367 w 9 CW f (ss)4080 4472 w 9 R f (2)4287 4472 w 9 CW f (sv)4080 4577 w 9 R f (5)4287 4577 w 9 CW f (sy)4080 4682 w 9 R f (19)4242 4682 w 9 CW f (ta)4080 4787 w 9 R f (9)4287 4787 w 9 CW f (tc)4080 4892 w 9 R f (9)4287 4892 w 9 CW f (ti)4080 4997 w 9 R f (6)4287 4997 w 9 CW f (tl)4080 5102 w 9 R f (14)4242 5102 w 9 CW f (tm)4080 5207 w 9 R f (20)4242 5207 w 9 CW f (tr)4560 4262 w 9 R f (10)4722 4262 w 9 CW f (uf)4560 4367 w 9 R f (10)4722 4367 w 9 CW f (ul)4560 4472 w 9 R f (10)4722 4472 w 9 CW f (vs)4560 4577 w 9 R f (5)4767 4577 w 9 CW f (wh)4560 4682 w 9 R f (7)4767 4682 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 6 8 %%Page: 7 9 /saveobj save def mark 9 pagesetup 10 R f (- 7 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 12 B f (Escape Sequences for Characters, Indicators, and Functions)6 3082 1 1339 840 t 9 BI f (Section Escape)1 675 1 1158 1041 t ( Meaning)1 810(Reference Sequence)1 815 2 1108 1151 t 9 R f (10.1)1216 1316 w 9 CW f (\\\\)1568 1316 w 9 R f (\\ prevents or delays the interpretation of)6 1443 1 2398 1316 t 9 CW f (\\)3864 1316 w 9 R f (10.1)1216 1426 w 9 CW f (\\e)1568 1426 w 9 R f (Printable version of the current escape character.)6 1761 1 2398 1426 t (2.1)1261 1536 w 9 CW f (\\')1568 1536 w 9 R f (\302 \(acute accent\); equivalent to)4 1072 1 2398 1536 t 9 CW f (\\\(aa)3493 1536 w 9 R f (2.1)1261 1646 w 9 CW f (\\`)1568 1646 w 9 R f (\301 \(grave accent\); equivalent to)4 1082 1 2398 1646 t 9 CW f (\\\(ga)3503 1646 w 9 R f (2.1)1261 1756 w 9 CW f (\\\261)1568 1756 w 9 R f (\261 Minus sign in the current font)6 1143 1 2398 1756 t (7.)1261 1866 w 9 CW f (\\ .)1 115 1 1568 1866 t 9 R f (Period \(dot\) \(see)2 601 1 2398 1866 t 9 CW f (de)3022 1866 w 9 R f (\))3130 1866 w (11.1)1216 1976 w 9 CW f (\\)1568 1976 w 9 I f (space)1622 1976 w 9 R f (Unpaddable space-size space character)3 1404 1 2398 1976 t (11.1)1216 2086 w 9 CW f (\\0)1568 2086 w 9 R f (Digit width space)2 636 1 2398 2086 t (11.1)1216 2196 w 9 CW f (\\|)1568 2196 w 9 R f (1/6 em narrow space character \(zero width in)7 1631 1 2398 2196 t 9 I f (nroff)4052 2196 w 9 R f (\))4227 2196 w (11.1)1216 2306 w 9 CW f (\\\303)1568 2306 w 9 R f (1/12 em half-narrow space character \(zero width in)7 1846 1 2398 2306 t 9 I f (nroff)4267 2306 w 9 R f (\))4442 2306 w (4.1)1261 2416 w 9 CW f (\\&)1568 2416 w 9 R f (Non-printing, zero width character)3 1252 1 2398 2416 t (10.6)1216 2526 w 9 CW f (\\!)1568 2526 w 9 R f (Transparent line indicator)2 931 1 2398 2526 t (10.8)1216 2636 w 9 CW f (\\")1568 2636 w 9 R f (Beginning of comment; continues to end of line)7 1726 1 2398 2636 t (13.)1216 2746 w 9 CW f (\\%)1568 2746 w 9 R f (Default optional hyphenation character)3 1409 1 2398 2746 t (2.1)1261 2856 w 9 CW f (\\\()1568 2856 w 9 I f (xx)1676 2856 w 9 R f (Character named)1 613 1 2398 2856 t 9 I f (xx)3034 2856 w 9 R f (7.1)1261 2966 w 9 CW f (\\*)1568 2966 w 9 I f (x)1676 2966 w 9 R f (,)1723 2966 w 9 CW f (\\*\()1807 2966 w 9 I f (xx)1969 2966 w 9 R f (Interpolate string)1 618 1 2398 2966 t 9 I f (x)3039 2966 w 9 R f (or)3102 2966 w 9 I f (xx)3200 2966 w 9 R f (7.3)1261 3076 w 9 CW f (\\$)1568 3076 w 9 I f (N)1676 3076 w 9 R f (Interpolate argument 1)2 821 1 2398 3076 t 9 S f (\243)3226 3076 w 9 I f (N)3283 3076 w 9 S f (\243)3350 3076 w 9 R f (9)3407 3076 w (9.1)1261 3186 w 9 CW f (\\a)1568 3186 w 9 R f (Non-interpreted leader character)2 1171 1 2398 3186 t (12.3)1216 3296 w 9 CW f (\\b')1568 3296 w 9 I f (abc.)1730 3296 w 9 R f (..)1883 3296 w 9 CW f (')1929 3296 w 9 R f (Bracket building function)2 926 1 2398 3296 t (4.2)1261 3406 w 9 CW f (\\c)1568 3406 w 9 R f (Connect to next input text)4 937 1 2398 3406 t (2.1)1261 3516 w 9 CW f (\\C')1568 3516 w 9 I f (xyz)1730 3516 w 9 CW f (')1845 3516 w 9 R f (Character named)1 613 1 2398 3516 t 9 I f (xyz)3034 3516 w 9 R f (11.1)1216 3626 w 9 CW f (\\d)1568 3626 w 9 R f (Downward 1/2 em vertical motion \(1/2 line in)7 1661 1 2398 3626 t 9 I f (nroff)4082 3626 w 9 R f (\))4257 3626 w (12.5)1216 3736 w 9 CW f (\\D')1568 3736 w 9 I f (c.)1730 3736 w 9 R f (..)1793 3736 w 9 CW f (')1839 3736 w 9 R f (Draw graphics function)2 851 1 2398 3736 t 9 I f (c)3272 3736 w 9 R f (with parameters)1 578 1 3335 3736 t 9 I f (. . .)2 83 1 3936 3736 t 9 R f (;)4019 3736 w 9 I f (c)4067 3736 w 9 S f (=)4129 3736 w 9 CW f (l)4201 3736 w 9 R f (,)4262 3736 w 9 CW f (c)4299 3736 w 9 R f (,)4360 3736 w 9 CW f (e)4397 3736 w 9 R f (,)4458 3736 w 9 CW f (a)4495 3736 w 9 R f (,)4556 3736 w 9 CW f (\304)4593 3736 w 9 R f (2.2)1261 3846 w 9 CW f (\\f)1568 3846 w 9 I f (x)1676 3846 w 9 R f (,)1723 3846 w 9 CW f (\\f\()1807 3846 w 9 I f (xx)1969 3846 w 9 R f (,)2056 3846 w 9 CW f (\\f)2140 3846 w 9 I f (N)2248 3846 w 9 R f (Change to font named)3 799 1 2398 3846 t 9 I f (x)3220 3846 w 9 R f (or)3283 3846 w 9 I f (xx)3381 3846 w 9 R f (, or position)2 434 1 3461 3846 t 9 I f (N)3918 3846 w 9 R f (8.)1261 3956 w 9 CW f (\\g)1568 3956 w 9 I f (x)1676 3956 w 9 R f (,)1723 3956 w 9 CW f (\\g\()1807 3956 w 9 I f (xx)1969 3956 w 9 R f (Format of number register)3 949 1 2398 3956 t 9 I f (x)3370 3956 w 9 R f (or)3433 3956 w 9 I f (xx)3531 3956 w 9 R f (11.1)1216 4066 w 9 CW f (\\h')1568 4066 w 9 I f (N)1730 4066 w 9 CW f (')1790 4066 w 9 R f (Local horizontal motion; move right)4 1312 1 2398 4066 t 9 I f (N)3733 4066 w 9 R f (\(negative left\))1 508 1 3816 4066 t (2.3)1261 4176 w 9 CW f (\\H')1568 4176 w 9 I f (N)1730 4176 w 9 CW f (')1790 4176 w 9 R f (Height of current font is)4 872 1 2398 4176 t 9 I f (N)3293 4176 w 9 R f (11.3)1216 4286 w 9 CW f (\\k)1568 4286 w 9 I f (x)1676 4286 w 9 R f (Mark horizontal input place in register)5 1390 1 2398 4286 t 9 I f (x)3811 4286 w 9 R f (12.4)1216 4396 w 9 CW f (\\l')1568 4396 w 9 I f (Nc)1730 4396 w 9 CW f (')1830 4396 w 9 R f (Horizontal line drawing function \(optionally with)5 1785 1 2398 4396 t 9 I f (c)4206 4396 w 9 R f (\))4269 4396 w (12.4)1216 4506 w 9 CW f (\\L')1568 4506 w 9 I f (Nc)1730 4506 w 9 CW f (')1830 4506 w 9 R f (Vertical line drawing function \(optionally with)5 1690 1 2398 4506 t 9 I f (c)4111 4506 w 9 R f (\))4174 4506 w (8.)1261 4616 w 9 CW f (\\n)1568 4616 w 9 I f (x)1676 4616 w 9 R f (,)1723 4616 w 9 CW f (\\n\()1807 4616 w 9 I f (xx)1969 4616 w 9 R f (Contents of number register)3 1009 1 2398 4616 t 9 I f (x)3430 4616 w 9 R f (or)3493 4616 w 9 I f (xx)3591 4616 w 9 R f (2.1)1261 4726 w 9 CW f (\\N')1568 4726 w 9 I f (N)1730 4726 w 9 CW f (')1790 4726 w 9 R f (Character number)1 648 1 2398 4726 t 9 I f (N)3069 4726 w 9 R f (on current font)2 536 1 3152 4726 t (12.1)1216 4836 w 9 CW f (\\o')1568 4836 w 9 I f (abc.)1730 4836 w 9 R f (..)1883 4836 w 9 CW f (')1929 4836 w 9 R f (Overstrike characters)1 768 1 2398 4836 t 9 I f (a)3189 4836 w 9 R f (,)3241 4836 w 9 I f (b)3301 4836 w 9 R f (,)3353 4836 w 9 I f (c)3413 4836 w 9 R f (, ...)1 115 1 3453 4836 t (4.1)1261 4946 w 9 CW f (\\p)1568 4946 w 9 R f (Break and spread output line)4 1037 1 2398 4946 t (11.1)1216 5056 w 9 CW f (\\r)1568 5056 w 9 R f (Reverse 1 em vertical motion \(reverse line in)7 1626 1 2398 5056 t 9 I f (nroff)4047 5056 w 9 R f (\))4222 5056 w (2.3)1261 5166 w 9 CW f (\\s)1568 5166 w 9 I f (N)1676 5166 w 9 R f (,)1743 5166 w 9 CW f (\\s)1827 5166 w 9 S f (\261)1935 5166 w 9 I f (N)1992 5166 w 9 R f (Point-size change function; also)3 1154 1 2398 5166 t 9 CW f (\\s\()3582 5166 w 9 I f (nn)3751 5166 w 9 R f (,)3841 5166 w 9 CW f (\\s)3894 5166 w 9 S f (\261)4009 5166 w 9 CW f (\()4073 5166 w 9 I f (nn)4134 5166 w 9 R f (2.2)1261 5276 w 9 CW f (\\S')1568 5276 w 9 I f (N)1730 5276 w 9 CW f (')1790 5276 w 9 R f (Slant output)1 438 1 2398 5276 t 9 I f (N)2859 5276 w 9 R f (degrees)2942 5276 w (9.1)1261 5386 w 9 CW f (\\t)1568 5386 w 9 R f (Non-interpreted horizontal tab)2 1096 1 2398 5386 t (11.1)1216 5496 w 9 CW f (\\u)1568 5496 w 9 R f (Reverse \(up\) 1/2 em vertical motion \(1/2 line in)8 1724 1 2398 5496 t 9 I f (nroff)4145 5496 w 9 R f (\))4320 5496 w (11.1)1216 5606 w 9 CW f (\\v')1568 5606 w 9 I f (N)1730 5606 w 9 CW f (')1790 5606 w 9 R f (Local vertical motion; move down N \(negative up\))7 1836 1 2398 5606 t (11.2)1216 5716 w 9 CW f (\\w')1568 5716 w 9 I f (string)1730 5716 w 9 CW f (')1940 5716 w 9 R f (Width of)1 323 1 2398 5716 t 9 I f (string)2744 5716 w 9 R f (5.2)1261 5826 w 9 CW f (\\x')1568 5826 w 9 I f (N)1730 5826 w 9 CW f (')1790 5826 w 9 R f (Extra line-space function \(negative before, positive after\))6 2066 1 2398 5826 t (10.7)1216 5936 w 9 CW f (\\X')1568 5936 w 9 I f (string)1730 5936 w 9 CW f (')1940 5936 w 9 R f (Ouput)2398 5936 w 9 I f (string)2646 5936 w 9 R f (as device control function)3 934 1 2879 5936 t (12.2)1216 6046 w 9 CW f (\\z)1568 6046 w 9 I f (c)1676 6046 w 9 R f (Print)2398 6046 w 9 I f (c)2596 6046 w 9 R f (with zero width \(without spacing\))4 1222 1 2659 6046 t (16.)1216 6156 w 9 CW f (\\{)1568 6156 w 9 R f (Begin conditional input)2 851 1 2398 6156 t (16.)1216 6266 w 9 CW f (\\})1568 6266 w 9 R f (End conditional input)2 781 1 2398 6266 t (10.8)1216 6376 w 9 CW f (\\)1568 6376 w 9 I f (newline)1622 6376 w 9 R f (Concealed \(ignored\) newline)2 1046 1 2398 6376 t (-)1280 6486 w 9 CW f (\\)1568 6486 w 9 I f (Z Z)1 826 1 1622 6486 t 9 R f (, any character not listed above)5 1123 1 2448 6486 t 10 R f (The escape sequences)2 892 1 720 6697 t 10 CW f (\\\\)1646 6697 w 10 R f (,)1766 6697 w 10 CW f (\\ .)1 128 1 1825 6697 t 10 R f (,)1953 6697 w 10 CW f (\\")2012 6697 w 10 R f (,)2132 6697 w 10 CW f (\\$)2191 6697 w 10 R f (,)2311 6697 w 10 CW f (\\*)2370 6697 w 10 R f (,)2490 6697 w 10 CW f (\\a)2549 6697 w 10 R f (,)2669 6697 w 10 CW f (\\n)2728 6697 w 10 R f (,)2848 6697 w 10 CW f (\\t)2908 6697 w 10 R f (,)3028 6697 w 10 CW f (\\g)3088 6697 w 10 R f (, and)1 204 1 3208 6697 t 10 CW f (\\)3447 6697 w 10 I f (newline)3507 6697 w 10 R f (are interpreted in copy mode)4 1187 1 3853 6697 t (\(\2477.2\).)720 6817 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 7 9 %%Page: 8 10 /saveobj save def mark 10 pagesetup 10 R f (- 8 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 12 B f (Predefined Number Registers)2 1519 1 2120 840 t 9 BI f (Section Register)1 715 1 765 1041 t ( Description)1 600(Reference Name)1 680 2 715 1151 t 9 R f (3.)868 1316 w 9 CW f (%)1175 1316 w 9 R f (Current page number.)2 789 1 1565 1316 t (11.2)823 1426 w 9 CW f (ct)1175 1426 w 9 R f (Character type \(set by)3 794 1 1565 1426 t cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /C /Courier def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 9 C f (\\w)2382 1426 w 9 R f (function\).)2513 1426 w (7.4)868 1536 w 9 CW f (dl)1175 1536 w 9 R f (Width \(maximum\) of last completed diversion.)5 1698 1 1565 1536 t (7.4)868 1646 w 9 CW f (dn)1175 1646 w 9 R f (Height \(vertical size\) of last completed diversion.)6 1786 1 1565 1646 t (-)887 1756 w 9 CW f (dw)1175 1756 w 9 R f (Current day of the week \(1-7\).)5 1098 1 1565 1756 t (-)887 1866 w 9 CW f (dy)1175 1866 w 9 R f (Current day of the month \(1-31\).)5 1183 1 1565 1866 t (15.)823 1976 w 9 CW f (ln)1175 1976 w 9 R f (Output line number.)2 729 1 1565 1976 t (-)887 2086 w 9 CW f (mo)1175 2086 w 9 R f (Current month \(1-12\).)2 799 1 1565 2086 t (4.1)868 2196 w 9 CW f (nl)1175 2196 w 9 R f (Vertical position of last printed text baseline.)6 1626 1 1565 2196 t (11.2)823 2306 w 9 CW f (sb)1175 2306 w 9 R f (Depth of string below baseline \(generated by)6 1623 1 1565 2306 t 9 C f (\\w)3211 2306 w 9 R f (function\).)3342 2306 w (11.2)823 2416 w 9 CW f (st)1175 2416 w 9 R f (Height of string above baseline \(generated by)6 1643 1 1565 2416 t 9 C f (\\w)3231 2416 w 9 R f (function\).)3362 2416 w (-)887 2526 w 9 CW f (yr)1175 2526 w 9 R f (Last two digits of current year.)5 1113 1 1565 2526 t 12 B f (Predefined Read-Only Number Registers)3 2110 1 1825 2977 t 9 BI f (Section Register)1 715 1 765 3178 t ( Description)1 600(Reference Name)1 680 2 715 3288 t 9 R f (19.)823 3453 w 9 CW f ($$)1175 3453 w 9 R f (Process id of)2 466 1 1565 3453 t 9 I f (troff)2054 3453 w 9 R f (or)2232 3453 w 9 I f (nroff)2330 3453 w 9 R f (.)2505 3453 w (7.3)868 3563 w 9 CW f (.$)1175 3563 w 9 R f (Number of arguments available at the current macro level.)8 2107 1 1565 3563 t (5.2)868 3673 w 9 CW f (.a)1175 3673 w 9 R f (Post-line extra line-space most recently used in)6 1703 1 1565 3673 t 9 CW f (\\x')3298 3673 w 9 I f (N)3467 3673 w 9 CW f (')3541 3673 w 9 R f (.)3595 3673 w (-)887 3783 w 9 CW f (.A)1175 3783 w 9 R f (Set to 1 in)3 369 1 1565 3783 t 9 I f (troff)1957 3783 w 9 R f (, if)1 101 1 2112 3783 t 9 S f (-)2251 3783 w 9 CW f (a)2316 3783 w 9 R f (option used; always 1 in)4 877 1 2393 3783 t 9 I f (nroff)3293 3783 w 9 R f (.)3468 3783 w (2.3)868 3893 w 9 CW f (.b)1175 3893 w 9 R f (Emboldening level.)1 706 1 1565 3893 t (20.)823 4003 w 9 CW f (.c)1175 4003 w 9 R f (Number of lines read from current input file.)7 1614 1 1565 4003 t (7.4)868 4113 w 9 CW f (.d)1175 4113 w 9 R f (Current vertical place in current diversion; equal to)7 1846 1 1565 4113 t 9 CW f (nl)3441 4113 w 9 R f (, if no diversion.)3 595 1 3549 4113 t (2.2)868 4223 w 9 CW f (.f)1175 4223 w 9 R f (Current font number.)2 764 1 1565 4223 t (20.)823 4333 w 9 CW f (.F)1175 4333 w 9 R f (Current input file name [sic].)4 1050 1 1565 4333 t (4.)868 4443 w 9 CW f (.h)1175 4443 w 9 R f (Text baseline high-water mark on current page or diversion.)8 2167 1 1565 4443 t (11.1)823 4553 w 9 CW f (.H)1175 4553 w 9 R f (Available horizontal resolution in basic units.)5 1643 1 1565 4553 t (6.)868 4663 w 9 CW f (.i)1175 4663 w 9 R f (Current indent.)1 546 1 1565 4663 t (4.2)868 4773 w 9 CW f (.j)1175 4773 w 9 R f (Current)1565 4773 w 9 CW f (ad)1870 4773 w 9 R f (mode.)2001 4773 w (4.1)868 4883 w 9 CW f (.k)1175 4883 w 9 R f (Current output horizontal position.)3 1252 1 1565 4883 t (6.)868 4993 w 9 CW f (.l)1175 4993 w 9 R f (Current line length.)2 704 1 1565 4993 t (5.1)868 5103 w 9 CW f (.L)1175 5103 w 9 R f (Current)1565 5103 w 9 CW f (ls)1870 5103 w 9 R f (value.)2001 5103 w (4.)868 5213 w 9 CW f (.n)1175 5213 w 9 R f (Length of text portion on previous output line.)7 1674 1 1565 5213 t (3.)868 5323 w 9 CW f (.o)1175 5323 w 9 R f (Current page offset.)2 719 1 1565 5323 t (3.)868 5433 w 9 CW f (.p)1175 5433 w 9 R f (Current page length.)2 739 1 1565 5433 t (7.5)868 5543 w 9 CW f (.R)1175 5543 w 9 R f (Number of unused number registers.)4 1320 1 1565 5543 t (-)887 5653 w 9 CW f (.T)1175 5653 w 9 R f (Set to 1 in)3 369 1 1565 5653 t 9 I f (nroff)1957 5653 w 9 R f (, if)1 101 1 2132 5653 t 9 C f (\261T)2256 5653 w 9 R f (option used; always 0 in)4 877 1 2387 5653 t 9 I f (troff)3287 5653 w 9 R f (.)3442 5653 w (2.3)868 5763 w 9 CW f (.s)1175 5763 w 9 R f (Current point size.)2 669 1 1565 5763 t (7.5)868 5873 w 9 CW f (.t)1175 5873 w 9 R f (Distance to the next trap.)4 905 1 1565 5873 t (4.1)868 5983 w 9 CW f (.u)1175 5983 w 9 R f (Equal to 1 in fill mode and 0 in nofill mode.)10 1593 1 1565 5983 t (5.1)868 6093 w 9 CW f (.v)1175 6093 w 9 R f (Current vertical line spacing.)3 1047 1 1565 6093 t (11.1)823 6203 w 9 CW f (.V)1175 6203 w 9 R f (Available vertical resolution in basic units.)5 1548 1 1565 6203 t (11.2)823 6313 w 9 CW f (.w)1175 6313 w 9 R f (Width of previous character.)3 1032 1 1565 6313 t (-)887 6423 w 9 CW f (.x)1175 6423 w 9 R f (Reserved version-dependent register.)2 1339 1 1565 6423 t (-)887 6533 w 9 CW f (.y)1175 6533 w 9 R f (Reserved version-dependent register.)2 1339 1 1565 6533 t (7.4)868 6643 w 9 CW f (.z)1175 6643 w 9 R f (Name [sic] of current diversion.)4 1155 1 1565 6643 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 8 10 %%Page: 9 11 /saveobj save def mark 11 pagesetup 10 R f (- 9 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 12 B f (Reference Manual)1 942 1 2409 840 t 10 B f ( Explanation)1 549(1. General)1 469 2 720 1080 t 10 BI f ( of input.)2 376(1.1. Form)1 434 2 720 1236 t 10 R f (Input consists of)2 663 1 1606 1236 t 10 I f (text lines)1 359 1 2295 1236 t 10 R f (, which are destined to be printed, interspersed with)8 2071 1 2654 1236 t 10 I f (control)4751 1236 w (lines)720 1356 w 10 R f ( lines begin with a)4 749( Control)1 360( control subsequent processing.)3 1266(, which set parameters or otherwise)5 1438 4 909 1356 t 10 I f (control)4751 1356 w (character)720 1476 w 10 R f (\320normally)1108 1476 w 10 C f (.)1600 1476 w 10 R f (\(period\) or)1 435 1 1691 1476 t 10 C f (')2157 1476 w 10 R f (\(single quote\)\320followed by a one or two character name that speci-)10 2791 1 2249 1476 t (fies a basic)2 467 1 720 1596 t 10 I f (request)1224 1596 w 10 R f (or the substitution of a user-defined)5 1483 1 1555 1596 t 10 I f (macro)3075 1596 w 10 R f ( control)1 320( The)1 217(in place of the control line.)5 1136 3 3367 1596 t (character)720 1716 w 10 C f (')1119 1716 w 10 R f (suppresses the)1 584 1 1214 1716 t 10 I f (break)1833 1716 w 10 R f ( by certain)2 443(function\320the forced output of a partially filled line\320caused)7 2502 2 2095 1716 t ( from the request/macro name by white space \(spaces)8 2253( control character may be separated)5 1494(requests. The)1 573 3 720 1836 t ( lines)1 228( Control)1 370( should be followed by either space or newline.)8 1992( Names)1 340(and/or tabs\) for aesthetic reasons.)4 1390 5 720 1956 t (with unrecognized names are ignored.)4 1521 1 720 2076 t ( input by means of an)5 883(Various special functions may be introduced anywhere in the)8 2469 2 970 2232 t 10 I f (escape)4351 2232 w 10 R f (character,)4651 2232 w (normally)720 2352 w 10 C f (\\)1110 2352 w 10 R f ( example, the function)3 905(. For)1 218 2 1170 2352 t 10 CW f (\\n)2322 2352 w 10 I f (R)2442 2352 w 10 R f ( contents of the)3 622(causes the interpolation of the)4 1214 2 2532 2352 t 10 I f (number register)1 644 1 4396 2352 t (R)720 2472 w 10 R f (in place of the function; here)5 1155 1 807 2472 t 10 I f (R)1988 2472 w 10 R f ( as in)2 215(is either a single character name)5 1287 2 2075 2472 t 10 C f (\\n)3604 2472 w 10 I f (x)3724 2472 w 10 R f (, or a two-character name intro-)5 1272 1 3768 2472 t (duced by a left-parenthesis, as in)5 1308 1 720 2592 t 10 C f (\\n\()2053 2592 w 10 I f (xx)2233 2592 w 10 R f (.)2321 2592 w 10 BI f ( and device resolution.)3 928(1.2. Formatter)1 623 2 720 2748 t 10 I f (Troff)2347 2748 w 10 R f (internally stores and processes dimensions in units that corre-)8 2466 1 2574 2748 t ( for which output is being prepared; values from 300 to 1200/inch are typical.)13 3127(spond to the particular device)4 1193 2 720 2868 t (See \24723.)1 345 1 720 2988 t 10 I f (Nroff)1116 2988 w 10 R f ( horizontal)1 432(internally uses 240 units/inch, corresponding to the least common multiple of the)11 3254 2 1354 2988 t ( resolutions of various typewriter-like output devices.)6 2175(and vertical)1 475 2 720 3108 t 10 I f (Troff)3426 3108 w 10 R f (rounds horizontal/vertical numeri-)2 1382 1 3658 3108 t (cal parameter input to the actual horizontal/vertical resolution of the output device indicated by the)14 4159 1 720 3228 t 10 C f (-T)4920 3228 w 10 R f (option \(default)1 597 1 720 3348 t 10 CW f (post)1348 3348 w 10 R f (\).)1588 3348 w 10 I f (Nroff)1702 3348 w 10 R f (similarly rounds numerical input to the actual resolution of its output device)11 3095 1 1945 3348 t (\(default Model 37 Teletype\).)3 1153 1 720 3468 t 10 BI f ( input.)1 283( parameter)1 461(1.3. Numerical)1 639 3 720 3624 t 10 R f (Both)2193 3624 w 10 I f (nroff)2428 3624 w 10 R f (and)2663 3624 w 10 I f (troff)2847 3624 w 10 R f (accept numerical input with the appended scale)6 1980 1 3060 3624 t (indicators shown in the following table, where)6 1874 1 720 3744 t 10 I f (S)2622 3744 w 10 R f ( size in points and)4 730(is the current type)3 727 2 2700 3744 t 10 I f (V)4184 3744 w 10 R f (is the current verti-)3 768 1 4272 3744 t (cal line spacing in basic units.)5 1199 1 720 3864 t 10 S f (_ ____________________________)1 1438 1 2161 3944 t 10 R f (Scale)2283 4064 w (Indicator Meaning)1 1101 1 2211 4184 t 10 S f (_ ____________________________)1 1438 1 2161 4204 t 10 C f (i)2361 4324 w 10 R f (Inch)2721 4324 w 10 C f (c)2361 4444 w 10 R f (Centimeter)2721 4444 w 10 C f (P)2361 4564 w 10 R f (Pica = 1/6 inch)3 603 1 2721 4564 t 10 C f (m)2361 4684 w 10 R f (Em =)1 220 1 2721 4684 t 10 I f (S)2966 4684 w 10 R f (points)3041 4684 w 10 C f (n)2361 4804 w 10 R f (En = Em/2)2 434 1 2721 4804 t 10 C f (p)2361 4924 w 10 R f (Point = 1/72 inch)3 693 1 2721 4924 t 10 C f (u)2361 5044 w 10 R f (Basic unit)1 403 1 2721 5044 t 10 C f (v)2361 5164 w 10 R f (Vertical line space)2 742 1 2721 5164 t 10 I f (V)3488 5164 w 10 R f ( see below)2 421(none Default,)1 751 2 2294 5284 t 10 S f ( \347)1 -1438(_ ____________________________)1 1438 2 2161 5304 t (\347)2161 5244 w (\347)2161 5144 w (\347)2161 5044 w (\347)2161 4944 w (\347)2161 4844 w (\347)2161 4744 w (\347)2161 4644 w (\347)2161 4544 w (\347)2161 4444 w (\347)2161 4344 w (\347)2161 4244 w (\347)2161 4144 w (\347)2161 4044 w (\347)2646 5304 w (\347)2646 5244 w (\347)2646 5144 w (\347)2646 5044 w (\347)2646 4944 w (\347)2646 4844 w (\347)2646 4744 w (\347)2646 4644 w (\347)2646 4544 w (\347)2646 4444 w (\347)2646 4344 w (\347)2646 4244 w (\347)2646 4144 w (\347)2646 4044 w (\347)3599 5304 w (\347)3599 5244 w (\347)3599 5144 w (\347)3599 5044 w (\347)3599 4944 w (\347)3599 4844 w (\347)3599 4744 w (\347)3599 4644 w (\347)3599 4544 w (\347)3599 4444 w (\347)3599 4344 w (\347)3599 4244 w (\347)3599 4144 w (\347)3599 4044 w 10 R f (In)720 5484 w 10 I f (nroff)828 5484 w 10 R f ( character width, which is output-device)5 1607(, both the em and the en are taken to be equal to the nominal)14 2410 2 1023 5484 t ( character widths in)3 820( Actual)1 328( 1/10 and 1/12 inch.)4 845(dependent; common values are)3 1278 4 720 5604 t 10 I f (nroff)4028 5604 w 10 R f (need not be all the)4 780 1 4260 5604 t (same and constructed characters such as \261)6 1768 1 720 5724 t 10 S f (>)2488 5724 w 10 R f (\()2583 5724 w 10 S f (\256)2616 5724 w 10 R f ( default scaling is)3 747( The)1 220(\) are often extra wide.)4 937 3 2715 5724 t 10 CW f (m)4660 5724 w 10 R f (for the)1 279 1 4761 5724 t (horizontally-oriented requests and functions)3 1785 1 720 5844 t 10 CW f (ll)2538 5844 w 10 R f (,)2658 5844 w 10 CW f (in)2716 5844 w 10 R f (,)2836 5844 w 10 CW f (ti)2894 5844 w 10 R f (,)3014 5844 w 10 CW f (ta)3072 5844 w 10 R f (,)3192 5844 w 10 CW f (lt)3250 5844 w 10 R f (,)3370 5844 w 10 CW f (po)3428 5844 w 10 R f (,)3548 5844 w 10 CW f (mc)3606 5844 w 10 R f (,)3726 5844 w 10 CW f (\\h)3784 5844 w 10 R f (,)3904 5844 w 10 CW f (\\l)3962 5844 w 10 R f (, and horizontal coordi-)3 958 1 4082 5844 t (nates of)1 317 1 720 5964 t 10 CW f (\\D)1066 5964 w 10 R f (;)1186 5964 w 10 CW f (v)1243 5964 w 10 R f (for the vertically-oriented requests and functions)5 1963 1 1332 5964 t 10 CW f (pl)3324 5964 w 10 R f (,)3444 5964 w 10 CW f (wh)3498 5964 w 10 R f (,)3618 5964 w 10 CW f (ch)3672 5964 w 10 R f (,)3792 5964 w 10 CW f (dt)3846 5964 w 10 R f (,)3966 5964 w 10 CW f (sp)4020 5964 w 10 R f (,)4140 5964 w 10 CW f (sv)4195 5964 w 10 R f (,)4315 5964 w 10 CW f (ne)4370 5964 w 10 R f (,)4490 5964 w 10 CW f (rt)4545 5964 w 10 R f (,)4665 5964 w 10 CW f (\\v)4720 5964 w 10 R f (,)4840 5964 w 10 CW f (\\x)4895 5964 w 10 R f (,)5015 5964 w 10 CW f (\\L)720 6084 w 10 R f ( of)1 112(, and vertical coordinates)3 1018 2 840 6084 t 10 CW f (\\D)1999 6084 w 10 R f (;)2119 6084 w 10 CW f (p)2176 6084 w 10 R f (for the)1 267 1 2265 6084 t 10 CW f (vs)2561 6084 w 10 R f (request; and)1 489 1 2710 6084 t 10 CW f (u)3228 6084 w 10 R f (for the requests)2 623 1 3317 6084 t 10 CW f (nr)3969 6084 w 10 R f (,)4089 6084 w 10 CW f (if)4143 6084 w 10 R f (, and)1 198 1 4263 6084 t 10 CW f (ie)4490 6084 w 10 R f (.)4610 6084 w 10 I f (All)4689 6084 w 10 R f (other)4835 6084 w ( number register containing an already appropriately scaled)7 2453( a)1 80( When)1 299(requests ignore any scale indicators.)4 1488 4 720 6204 t (number is interpolated to provide numerical input, the unit scale indicator)10 3034 1 720 6324 t 10 C f (u)3788 6324 w 10 R f ( to be appended to)4 764(may need)1 394 2 3882 6324 t ( number,)1 364( The)1 214(prevent an additional inappropriate default scaling.)5 2080 3 720 6444 t 10 I f (N)3412 6444 w 10 R f ( specified in decimal-fraction)3 1202(, may be)2 359 2 3479 6444 t ( computations)1 566( Internal)1 362( of basic units.)3 589(form but the parameter finally stored is rounded to an integer number)11 2803 4 720 6564 t (are performed in integer arithmetic.)4 1421 1 720 6684 t (The)970 6840 w 10 I f (absolute position)1 697 1 1160 6840 t 10 R f (indicator)1892 6840 w 10 C f (|)2282 6840 w 10 R f (may be prepended to a number)5 1283 1 2377 6840 t 10 I f (N)3695 6840 w 10 R f ( the distance to the)4 793(to generate)1 450 2 3797 6840 t (vertical or horizontal place)3 1096 1 720 6960 t 10 I f (N)1849 6960 w 10 R f ( vertically-oriented requests and functions,)4 1737(. For)1 222 2 1916 6960 t 10 C f (|)3908 6960 w 10 I f (N)3968 6960 w 10 R f (becomes the distance in)3 972 1 4068 6960 t (basic units from the current vertical place on the page or in a)12 2494 1 720 7080 t 10 I f (diversion)3245 7080 w 10 R f (\(\2477.4\) to the vertical place)4 1074 1 3648 7080 t 10 I f (N)4753 7080 w 10 R f (. For)1 220 1 4820 7080 t 10 I f (all)720 7200 w 10 R f (other requests and functions,)3 1148 1 851 7200 t 10 C f (|)2024 7200 w 10 I f (N)2084 7200 w 10 R f (becomes the distance from the current horizontal place on the)9 2458 1 2176 7200 t 10 I f (input)4659 7200 w 10 R f (line)4890 7200 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 9 11 %%Page: 10 12 /saveobj save def mark 12 pagesetup 10 R f (- 10 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (to the horizontal place)3 890 1 720 840 t 10 I f (N)1635 840 w 10 R f ( example,)1 388(. For)1 214 2 1702 840 t 9 CW f (.sp |3.2c)1 486 1 1008 1010 t 10 R f (will space in the required direction to 3.2 centimeters from the top of the page.)14 3139 1 720 1190 t 10 BI f ( expressions.)1 534(1.4. Numerical)1 639 2 720 1346 t 10 R f ( expected an expression involving parentheses,)5 1909(Wherever numerical input is)3 1157 2 1974 1346 t (the arithmetic operators)2 970 1 720 1466 t 10 C f (+)1726 1466 w 10 R f (,)1786 1466 w 10 C f (-)1847 1466 w 10 R f (,)1907 1466 w 10 C f (/)1968 1466 w 10 R f (,)2028 1466 w 10 S f (*)2089 1466 w 10 R f (,)2139 1466 w 10 C f (%)2200 1466 w 10 R f (\(mod\), and the logical operators)4 1322 1 2296 1466 t 10 C f (<)3654 1466 w 10 R f (,)3714 1466 w 10 C f (>)3775 1466 w 10 R f (,)3835 1466 w 10 C f (<=)3896 1466 w 10 R f (,)4016 1466 w 10 C f (>=)4077 1466 w 10 R f (,)4197 1466 w 10 C f (=)4258 1466 w 10 R f (\(or)4354 1466 w 10 C f (==)4506 1466 w 10 R f (\),)4626 1466 w 10 C f (&)4720 1466 w 10 R f (\(and\),)4805 1466 w 10 C f (:)720 1586 w 10 R f ( where controlled by parentheses, evaluation of expressions is left-to-right;)9 3142( Except)1 344(\(or\) may be used.)3 749 3 805 1586 t ( the case of certain requests, an initial)7 1530( In)1 137(there is no operator precedence.)4 1286 3 720 1706 t 10 C f (+)3702 1706 w 10 R f (or)3791 1706 w 10 C f (-)3903 1706 w 10 R f (is stripped and interpreted)3 1049 1 3991 1706 t ( scaling, the desired scale)4 1061( the presence of default)4 970( In)1 143(as an increment or decrement indicator respectively.)6 2146 4 720 1826 t ( attached to)2 460(indicator must be)2 696 2 720 1946 t 10 I f (every)1901 1946 w 10 R f (number in an expression for which the desired and default scaling differ.)11 2899 1 2141 1946 t (For example, if the number register)5 1414 1 720 2066 t 10 C f (x)2159 2066 w 10 R f (contains 2 and the current point size is 10, then)9 1881 1 2244 2066 t 9 CW f (.ll \(4.25i+\\nxP+3\)/2u)1 1134 1 1008 2236 t 10 R f (will set the line length to 1/2 the sum of 4.25 inches + 2 picas + 3 ems.)17 2825 1 720 2416 t 10 BI f (1.5. Notation.)1 587 1 720 2572 t 10 R f ( ways.)1 262(Numerical parameters are indicated in this manual in two)8 2338 2 1388 2572 t 10 S f (\261)4045 2572 w 10 I f (N)4108 2572 w 10 R f (means that the argu-)3 833 1 4207 2572 t (ment may take the forms)4 1029 1 720 2692 t 10 I f (N)1783 2692 w 10 R f (,)1850 2692 w 10 S f (+)1909 2692 w 10 I f (N)1980 2692 w 10 R f (, or)1 142 1 2047 2692 t 10 S f (-)2223 2692 w 10 I f (N)2294 2692 w 10 R f (and that the corresponding effect is to set the parameter to)10 2407 1 2395 2692 t 10 I f (N)4836 2692 w 10 R f (, to)1 137 1 4903 2692 t (increment it by)2 615 1 720 2812 t 10 I f (N)1365 2812 w 10 R f (, or to decrement it by)5 907 1 1432 2812 t 10 I f (N)2369 2812 w 10 R f (respectively. Plain)1 768 1 2466 2812 t 10 I f (N)3265 2812 w 10 R f (means that an initial algebraic sign is)6 1518 1 3363 2812 t 10 I f (not)4912 2812 w 10 R f (an increment indicator, but merely the sign of)7 1839 1 720 2932 t 10 I f (N)2586 2932 w 10 R f ( unreasonable numerical input is either ignored)6 1892(. Generally,)1 495 2 2653 2932 t ( parameters to non-negative)3 1147( example, most requests expect to set)6 1550( For)1 200(or truncated to a reasonable value.)5 1423 4 720 3052 t (values; exceptions are)2 889 1 720 3172 t 10 CW f (sp)1638 3172 w 10 R f (,)1758 3172 w 10 CW f (wh)1811 3172 w 10 R f (,)1931 3172 w 10 CW f (ch)1984 3172 w 10 R f (,)2104 3172 w 10 CW f (nr)2157 3172 w 10 R f (, and)1 197 1 2277 3172 t 10 CW f (if)2502 3172 w 10 R f ( requests)1 355(. The)1 233 2 2622 3172 t 10 CW f (ps)3238 3172 w 10 R f (,)3358 3172 w 10 CW f (ft)3411 3172 w 10 R f (,)3531 3172 w 10 CW f (po)3584 3172 w 10 R f (,)3704 3172 w 10 CW f (vs)3757 3172 w 10 R f (,)3877 3172 w 10 CW f (ls)3930 3172 w 10 R f (,)4050 3172 w 10 CW f (ll)4103 3172 w 10 R f (,)4223 3172 w 10 CW f (in)4276 3172 w 10 R f (, and)1 197 1 4396 3172 t 10 CW f (lt)4621 3172 w 10 R f (restore)4769 3172 w (the previous parameter value in the absence of an argument.)9 2399 1 720 3292 t ( case letters and one/two character argu-)6 1701(Single character arguments are indicated by single lower)7 2369 2 970 3448 t ( string arguments are indicated by multi-)6 1722( Character)1 453( indicated by a pair of lower case letters.)8 1743(ments are)1 402 4 720 3568 t (character mnemonics.)1 875 1 720 3688 t 10 B f ( and Character Size Control)4 1204(2. Font)1 325 2 720 3928 t 10 BI f ( set.)1 169(2.1. Character)1 617 2 720 4084 t 10 R f (The)1589 4084 w 10 I f (troff)1777 4084 w 10 R f (character set is defined by a description file specific to each output device)12 3056 1 1984 4084 t ( are input as)3 527( Characters)1 491( are normally several regular fonts and one or more special fonts.)11 2764(\(\24723\). There)1 538 4 720 4204 t (themselves \()1 511 1 720 4324 t 8 R f (ASCII)1231 4324 w 10 R f (\), as)1 175 1 1440 4324 t 10 CW f (\\\()1657 4324 w 10 I f (xx)1785 4324 w 10 R f (, as)1 142 1 1873 4324 t 10 CW f (\\C')2057 4324 w 10 I f (name)2245 4324 w 10 CW f (')2477 4324 w 10 R f (, or as)2 259 1 2537 4324 t 10 CW f (\\N')2830 4324 w 10 I f (n)3010 4324 w 10 CW f (')3060 4324 w 10 R f ( form)1 228(. The)1 239 2 3120 4324 t 10 CW f (\\C')3622 4324 w 10 I f (name)3802 4324 w 10 CW f (')4018 4324 w 10 R f (permits a name of any)4 927 1 4113 4324 t (length; the form)2 644 1 720 4444 t 10 CW f (\\N')1389 4444 w 10 I f (n)1569 4444 w 10 CW f (')1619 4444 w 10 R f (refers to the)2 476 1 1704 4444 t 10 I f (n)2205 4444 w 10 R f (-th character on the current font, whether named or not.)9 2213 1 2255 4444 t (Normally the input characters)3 1198 1 970 4600 t 10 CW f (')2196 4600 w 10 R f (,)2256 4600 w 10 CW f (`)2309 4600 w 10 R f (, and)1 197 1 2369 4600 t 10 CW f (-)2594 4600 w 10 R f (are printed as `, ', and - respectively;)7 1493 1 2682 4600 t 10 CW f (\\')4204 4600 w 10 R f (,)4324 4600 w 10 CW f (\\`)4378 4600 w 10 R f (, and)1 198 1 4498 4600 t 10 CW f (\\-)4725 4600 w 10 R f (pro-)4874 4600 w ( characters are printed as a 1-em space.)7 1560( Non-existent)1 566(duce \302, \301, and \261.)4 623 3 720 4720 t 10 I f (Nroff)970 4876 w 10 R f ( characters and how to print them.)6 1373(has an analogous, but different, mechanism for defining legal)8 2459 2 1208 4876 t (By default all)2 560 1 720 4996 t 9 R f (ASCII)1313 4996 w 10 R f ( are such additional characters as may be available on the)10 2358( There)1 289(characters are valid.)2 813 3 1580 4996 t ( able to be constructed by overstriking or other combination, and)10 2658(output device, such characters as may be)6 1662 2 720 5116 t ( exact behavior is determined by a)6 1381( The)1 207( mapped into other printable characters.)5 1595(those that can reasonably be)4 1137 4 720 5236 t (driving table prepared for each device.)5 1539 1 720 5356 t 10 BI f (2.2. Fonts.)1 465 1 720 5512 t 10 I f (Troff)1265 5512 w 10 R f ( said to be)3 426(begins execution by reading information for a set of defaults fonts,)10 2715 2 1496 5512 t 10 I f (mounted)4668 5512 w 10 R f (;)5012 5512 w (conventionally, the first four are Times Roman \()7 2041 1 720 5632 t 10 C f (R)2761 5632 w 10 R f (\),)2821 5632 w 10 I f (Times Italic)1 490 1 2919 5632 t 10 R f (\()3449 5632 w 10 C f (I)3482 5632 w 10 R f (\),)3542 5632 w 10 B f (Times Bold)1 502 1 3640 5632 t 10 R f (\()4182 5632 w 10 C f (B)4215 5632 w 10 R f (\), and)1 242 1 4275 5632 t 10 BI f (Times Bold)1 484 1 4556 5632 t (Italic)720 5752 w 10 R f (\()966 5752 w 10 C f (BI)999 5752 w 10 R f ( a Special font \()4 652(\) , and the last is)5 675 2 1119 5752 t 10 CW f (S)2446 5752 w 10 R f ( fonts are used in)4 702( These)1 293(\) containing miscellaneous characters.)3 1539 3 2506 5752 t ( set of fonts and positions is determined by the device description file, described in \24723.)15 3510( The)1 205(this document.)1 589 3 720 5872 t (The current font, initially Roman, may be changed by use of the)11 2593 1 970 6028 t 10 C f (ft)3591 6028 w 10 R f (request, or by embedding at any)5 1301 1 3739 6028 t (desired point either)2 783 1 720 6148 t 10 C f (\\f)1534 6148 w 10 I f (x)1654 6148 w 10 R f (,)1698 6148 w 10 C f (\\f\()1754 6148 w 10 I f (xx)1934 6148 w 10 R f (, or)1 139 1 2022 6148 t 10 C f (\\f)2192 6148 w 10 I f (N)2312 6148 w 10 R f (, where)1 299 1 2379 6148 t 10 I f (x)2709 6148 w 10 R f (and)2784 6148 w 10 I f (xx)2959 6148 w 10 R f ( a font and)3 439(are the name of)3 635 2 3078 6148 t 10 I f (N)4182 6148 w 10 R f (is a numerical font)3 761 1 4279 6148 t (position.)720 6268 w ( change to the Special font; characters on that font are automatically handled as)13 3233(It is not necessary to)4 837 2 970 6424 t ( name)1 243( Special font may actually be several fonts; the)8 1893( The)1 208(if they were physically part of the current font.)8 1889 4 720 6544 t 10 CW f (S)4980 6544 w 10 R f ( special fonts must be mounted after regular fonts.)8 2005( All)1 178(is reserved and is generally used for one of these.)9 1967 3 720 6664 t 10 I f (Troff)970 6820 w 10 R f ( font is mounted by use of the)7 1198(can be informed that any particular)5 1399 2 1196 6820 t 10 C f (fp)3819 6820 w 10 R f ( list of known)3 556(request. The)1 519 2 3965 6820 t ( the subsequent discussion of font-related requests,)6 2075( In)1 140(fonts is installation dependent.)3 1243 3 720 6940 t 10 I f (F)4210 6940 w 10 R f (represents either a)2 737 1 4303 6940 t ( current font is available \(as a numerical)7 1667( The)1 213(one/two-character font name or the numerical font position.)7 2440 3 720 7060 t (position\) in the read-only number register)5 1667 1 720 7180 t 10 C f (.f)2412 7180 w 10 R f (.)2532 7180 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 10 12 %%Page: 11 13 /saveobj save def mark 13 pagesetup 10 R f (- 11 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t ( In)1 138( font description information exists.)4 1450(A request for a named but not-mounted font is honored if the)11 2482 3 970 840 t ( Mounted)1 415( there is no limit on the number of fonts that may be printed in any part of a document.)19 3539(this way,)1 366 3 720 960 t ( referred to by their mount positions, but there is no)10 2082(fonts may be handled more efficiently, and they may be)9 2238 2 720 1080 t (other difference.)1 658 1 720 1200 t (The function)1 519 1 970 1356 t 10 CW f (\\S')1520 1356 w 10 S f (\261)1700 1356 w 10 I f (N)1763 1356 w 10 CW f (')1830 1356 w 10 R f (causes the current font to be slanted by)7 1597 1 1921 1356 t 10 S f (\261)3549 1356 w 10 I f (N)3612 1356 w 10 R f ( all devices support)3 795(degrees. Not)1 535 2 3710 1356 t (slanting.)720 1476 w 10 I f (Nroff)970 1632 w 10 R f (understands font control and normally underlines italic characters \(see \24710.5\).)9 3113 1 1207 1632 t 10 BI f ( size.)1 200(2.3. Character)1 617 2 720 1788 t 10 R f ( the specific output device; a typical \(histor-)7 1768(Character point sizes available depend on)5 1660 2 1612 1788 t ( is a range of 1/12 inch to)7 1032( This)1 230( 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, and 36.)14 2047(ical\) set of values is 6, 7,)6 1011 4 720 1908 t ( The)1 213(1/2 inch.)1 358 2 720 2028 t 10 C f (ps)1324 2028 w 10 R f ( the point size may be)5 919( Alternatively)1 586( size.)1 214(request is used to change or restore the point)8 1844 4 1477 2028 t (changed between any two characters by embedding a)7 2208 1 720 2148 t 10 CW f (\\s)2965 2148 w 10 I f (N)3085 2148 w 10 R f ( set the size to)4 610(at the desired point to)4 914 2 3189 2148 t 10 I f (N)4749 2148 w 10 R f (, or a)2 224 1 4816 2148 t 10 C f (\\s)720 2268 w 10 S f (\261)840 2268 w 10 I f (N)903 2268 w 10 R f (\(1)1004 2268 w 10 S f (\243)1103 2268 w 10 I f (N)1174 2268 w 10 S f (\243)1265 2268 w 10 R f (9\) to increment/decrement the size by)5 1550 1 1336 2268 t 10 I f (N)2920 2268 w 10 R f (;)2987 2268 w 10 CW f (\\s0)3049 2268 w 10 R f ( point)1 241( Requested)1 476( previous size.)2 594(restores the)1 466 4 3263 2268 t (size values that are between two valid sizes yield the larger of the two.)13 2816 1 720 2388 t ( construction like)2 700(Note that through an accident of history, a)7 1700 2 970 2544 t 10 CW f (\\s39)3398 2544 w 10 R f (is parsed as size 39, and thus con-)7 1374 1 3666 2544 t (verted to size 36 \(given the sizes above\), while)8 1879 1 720 2664 t 10 CW f (\\s40)2625 2664 w 10 R f (is parsed as size 4 followed by)6 1226 1 2891 2664 t 10 CW f (0)4143 2664 w 10 R f ( syntax)1 286(. The)1 230 2 4203 2664 t 10 CW f (\\s\()4752 2664 w 10 I f (nn)4940 2664 w 10 R f (and)720 2784 w 10 CW f (\\s)897 2784 w 10 S f (\261)1025 2784 w 10 CW f (\()1096 2784 w 10 I f (nn)1164 2784 w 10 R f (permits specification of sizes that would otherwise be ambiguous.)8 2633 1 1289 2784 t (The current size is available in the)6 1369 1 970 2940 t 10 C f (.s)2364 2940 w 10 R f (register.)2509 2940 w 10 I f (Nroff)2883 2940 w 10 R f (ignores type size requests.)3 1048 1 3120 2940 t (The function)1 515 1 970 3096 t 10 CW f (\\H')1512 3096 w 10 S f (\261)1692 3096 w 10 I f (N)1755 3096 w 10 CW f (')1822 3096 w 10 R f (sets)1909 3096 w 10 R f 0 12 changefont (the height of the current font)5 1155 1 2086 3096 t 10 R f (to)3269 3096 w 10 I f (N)3375 3096 w 10 R f (, or increments it by)4 814 1 3442 3096 t 10 S f (+)4284 3096 w 10 I f (N)4355 3096 w 10 R f (, or decrements)2 618 1 4422 3096 t (it by)1 182 1 720 3216 t 10 S f (-)928 3216 w 10 I f (N)999 3216 w 10 R f (; if)1 115 1 1066 3216 t 10 I f (N)1207 3216 w 10 S f (=)1298 3216 w 10 R f ( Not)1 200( each case, the width is unchanged.)6 1402( In)1 133( size.)1 205(0, the height is restored to the current point)8 1731 5 1369 3216 t (all devices support independent height and width for characters.)8 2553 1 720 3336 t 10 BI f ( No)1 147( If)1 535(Request Initial)1 977 3 720 3492 t ( Notes)1 535( Argument)1 893(Form Value)1 965 3 720 3612 t 10 C f (.ps)720 3768 w 10 S f (\261)925 3768 w 10 I f (N)980 3768 w 10 R f ( E)1 437( previous)1 742( point)1 222(* 10)1 493 4 1047 3768 t (Point size set to)3 661 1 1296 3924 t 10 S f (\261)1992 3924 w 10 I f (N)2047 3924 w 10 R f ( embed)1 301(. Alternatively)1 612 2 2114 3924 t 10 CW f (\\s)3062 3924 w 10 I f (N)3182 3924 w 10 R f (or)3284 3924 w 10 C f (\\s)3402 3924 w 10 S f (\261)3522 3924 w 10 I f (N)3585 3924 w 10 R f ( may be)2 338( positive size value)3 793(. Any)1 257 3 3652 3924 t ( paired)1 280( A)1 128( result, with a maximum of 36.)6 1269(requested; if invalid, the next larger valid size will)8 2067 4 1296 4044 t (sequence)1296 4164 w 10 S f (+)1709 4164 w 10 I f (N)1780 4164 w 10 R f (,)1847 4164 w 10 S f (-)1921 4164 w 10 I f (N)1992 4164 w 10 R f (will work because the previous requested value is also remembered.)9 2932 1 2108 4164 t (Ignored in)1 413 1 1296 4284 t 10 I f (nroff)1734 4284 w 10 R f (.)1929 4284 w 10 C f (.ss)720 4440 w 10 I f (N)925 4440 w 10 R f ( E)1 476( ignored)1 659(12/36 em)1 366 3 1440 4440 t (Space-character size \(i.e., inter-word gap\) is set to)7 2006 1 1296 4596 t 10 I f (N)3328 4596 w 10 R f ( size is the minimum word)5 1074( This)1 230(/36 ems.)1 341 3 3395 4596 t ( in)1 103( Ignored)1 360(spacing in adjusted text.)3 966 3 1296 4716 t 10 I f (nroff)2750 4716 w 10 R f (.)2945 4716 w 10 C f (.cs)720 4872 w 10 I f (F N M)2 243 1 916 4872 t 10 R f ( P)1 743(off -)1 753 2 1440 4872 t (Constant character space \(width\) mode is set on for font)9 2300 1 1296 5028 t 10 I f (F)3628 5028 w 10 R f (\(if mounted\); the width of every)5 1319 1 3721 5028 t (character will be taken to be)5 1142 1 1296 5148 t 10 I f (N)2466 5148 w 10 R f ( If)1 119(/36 ems.)1 342 2 2533 5148 t 10 I f (M)3022 5148 w 10 R f (is absent, the em is that of the character's point)9 1907 1 3133 5148 t (size; if)1 281 1 1296 5268 t 10 I f (M)1614 5268 w 10 R f (is given, the em is)4 773 1 1734 5268 t 10 I f (M)2544 5268 w 10 R f ( affected characters are centered in this space,)7 1916(points. All)1 460 2 2664 5268 t ( Font characters occurring)3 1044( Special)1 344(including those with an actual width larger than this space.)9 2356 3 1296 5388 t (while the current font is)4 994 1 1296 5508 t 10 I f (F)2325 5508 w 10 R f ( If)1 126(are also so treated.)3 772 2 2421 5508 t 10 I f (N)3354 5508 w 10 R f ( The)1 216( mode is turned off.)4 829(is absent, the)2 539 3 3456 5508 t ( in)1 103( Ignored)1 360(mode must be in effect when the characters are physically printed.)10 2646 3 1296 5628 t 10 I f (nroff)4430 5628 w 10 R f (.)4625 5628 w 10 C f (.bd)720 5784 w 10 I f (F N)1 153 1 925 5784 t 10 R f ( P)1 743(off -)1 753 2 1440 5784 t (The characters in font)3 875 1 1296 5940 t 10 I f (F)2197 5940 w 10 R f ( artificially emboldened by printing each one twice, separated)8 2480(will be)1 276 2 2284 5940 t (by)1296 6060 w 10 I f (N)1424 6060 w 10 S f (-)1515 6060 w 10 R f ( reasonable value for)3 842( A)1 125(1 basic units.)2 531 3 1586 6060 t 10 I f (N)3112 6060 w 10 R f ( points.)1 297(is 3 when the character size is near 10)8 1536 2 3207 6060 t (If)1296 6180 w 10 I f (N)1389 6180 w 10 R f ( emboldening value)2 794( The)1 208( mode is turned off.)4 797(is missing the embolden)3 976 4 1483 6180 t 10 I f (N)4286 6180 w 10 R f (is in the)2 323 1 4381 6180 t 10 C f (.b)4732 6180 w 10 R f (reg-)4880 6180 w (ister.)1296 6300 w ( h)1 2( it th)2 82( wi)1 30( w)1 103( d)1 2( ed)1 52( te)1 46( nt)1 30( in)1 52( ri)1 30( pr)1 35( p)1 81( s)1 2( is)1 41( i)1 59( ph h)2 54( ap)1 52( ra)1 46( gr)1 35( ag)1 52( ra)1 46( ar)1 35( pa)1 46( p)1 81( s)1 2( is)1 41( hi)1 30(T Th)1 113 28 1296 6456 t 10 C f (.bd R 3)2 428 1 2607 6456 t 10 R f ( -)1 2( ac c-)2 81( ra)1 46( ar)1 35( ha)1 46( ch)1 52( c)1 76( e)1 2( he)1 46( th)1 52( t)1 60( n)1 2( en)1 52( he)1 46( wh)1 52( w)1 103( t)1 2( ec ct)2 76( ff fe)2 81( ef)1 35( e)1 75( n)1 2( in)1 52( i)1 59( e)1 2( be)1 46( b)1 81( t)1 2( st)1 30( us)1 41( mu)1 52( m)1 109( e)1 2( od de)2 98( mo)1 52( m)1 109( e)1 2( he)1 46( Th)1 52( T)1 119(. .)1 27 41 3035 6456 t ( n)1 2( in)1 52( i)1 55( d)1 2( ed)1 52( re)1 46( gn no or)3 139( Ig)1 52( I)1 87( .)1 2( d.)1 27( ed)1 52( te)1 46( nt)1 30( in)1 52( ri)1 30( pr)1 35( p)1 77( y)1 2( ll ly)2 82( ca al)2 76( ic)1 46( si)1 30( ph hy ys)3 145( p)1 77( e)1 2( re)1 46( ar)1 35( a)1 71( s)1 2( rs)1 41( er)1 35(t te)1 74 33 1296 6576 t 10 I f (nroff)2925 6576 w 10 R f (. .)1 27 1 3120 6576 t 10 C f (.bd S)1 300 1 720 6732 t 10 I f (F N)1 153 1 1080 6732 t 10 R f ( P)1 743(off -)1 753 2 1440 6732 t ( the Special font will be emboldened whenever the current font is)11 2708(The characters in)2 702 2 1296 6888 t 10 I f (F)4740 6888 w 10 R f (. The)1 239 1 4801 6888 t 8 S1 f (__________________)720 6988 w 8 R f (*The fields have the same meaning as described earlier in the Request Summary.)12 2581 1 720 7088 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 11 13 %%Page: 12 14 /saveobj save def mark 14 pagesetup 10 R f (- 12 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t ( in)1 103( Ignored)1 360(mode must be in effect when the characters are physically printed.)10 2646 3 1296 840 t 10 I f (nroff)4430 840 w 10 R f (.)4625 840 w 10 C f (.ft)720 996 w 10 I f (F)925 996 w 10 R f ( E)1 437(Roman previous)1 1064 2 1440 996 t (Font changed to)2 646 1 1296 1152 t 10 I f (F)1968 1152 w 10 R f ( embed)1 292(. Alternatively,)1 628 2 2029 1152 t 10 CW f (\\f)2975 1152 w 10 I f (F)3095 1152 w 10 R f ( font name)2 429(. The)1 231 2 3156 1152 t 10 C f (P)3842 1152 w 10 R f ( the pre-)2 336(is reserved to mean)3 776 2 3928 1152 t (vious font, and the name)4 985 1 1296 1272 t 10 CW f (S)2306 1272 w 10 R f (for the special font.)3 776 1 2391 1272 t 10 C f (.fp)720 1428 w 10 I f (N F L)2 234 1 960 1428 t 10 R f ( -)1 448(R,I,B,...,S ignored)1 1025 2 1440 1428 t ( is a statement that a font named)7 1332( This)1 234(Font position.)1 563 3 1296 1584 t 10 I f (F)3456 1584 w 10 R f (is associated with position)3 1074 1 3549 1584 t 10 I f (N)4655 1584 w 10 R f ( is a)2 175(. It)1 143 2 4722 1584 t (fatal error if)2 485 1 1296 1704 t 10 I f (F)1808 1704 w 10 R f ( with names longer than two characters,)6 1594( fonts)1 227( For)1 191(is not known.)2 546 4 1896 1704 t 10 I f (L)4480 1704 w 10 R f (refers to the)2 478 1 4562 1704 t (long name, and)2 613 1 1296 1824 t 10 I f (F)1934 1824 w 10 R f ( is generally a limit of about 10 mounted fonts.)9 1877( There)1 282(becomes a synonym.)2 835 3 2020 1824 t 10 B f ( control)1 330(3. Page)1 330 2 720 2064 t 10 R f ( provided; it is conventional to define two)7 1702(Top and bottom margins are not automatically)6 1872 2 970 2220 t 10 I f (macros)4573 2220 w 10 R f (and)4896 2220 w (to set)1 215 1 720 2340 t 10 I f (traps)961 2340 w 10 R f ( vertical positions 0 \(top\) and)5 1174(for them at)2 440 2 1193 2340 t 10 S f (-)2832 2340 w 10 I f (N)2903 2340 w 10 R f (\(distance)2995 2340 w 10 I f (N)3380 2340 w 10 R f ( \2477 and Tuto-)3 541( See)1 194(up from the bottom\).)3 833 3 3472 2340 t ( the first page occurs either when the first)8 1713( pseudo-page transition onto)3 1153( A)1 128(rial Examples \247T2.)2 775 4 720 2460 t 10 I f (break)4521 2460 w 10 R f (occurs)4780 2460 w (or when the first)3 690 1 720 2580 t 10 I f (non-diverted)1446 2580 w 10 R f ( for a trap to occur at the top of the)10 1491( Arrangements)1 625(text processing occurs.)2 932 3 1992 2580 t ( following, references to the)4 1170( the)1 158( In)1 144(first page must be completed before this transition.)7 2108 4 720 2700 t 10 I f (current diversion)1 703 1 4337 2700 t 10 R f (\(\2477.4\) mean that the mechanism being described works during both ordinary and diverted output \(the for-)15 4320 1 720 2820 t (mer considered as the top diversion level\).)6 1694 1 720 2940 t (The limitations on)2 734 1 970 3096 t 10 I f (troff)1729 3096 w 10 R f (and)1927 3096 w 10 I f (nroff)2096 3096 w 10 R f (output dimensions are device dependent.)4 1628 1 2316 3096 t 10 C f (.pl)720 3252 w 10 S f (\261)925 3252 w 10 I f (N)980 3252 w 10 R f ( in)1 94( 11)1 626(11 in)1 194 3 1440 3252 t 10 B f (v)2880 3252 w 10 R f (Page length set to)3 708 1 1296 3408 t 10 S f (\261)2029 3408 w 10 I f (N)2092 3408 w 10 R f ( current page length is available in the)7 1522(. The)1 230 2 2159 3408 t 10 C f (.p)3936 3408 w 10 R f (register.)4081 3408 w 10 C f (.bp)720 3564 w 10 S f (\261)925 3564 w 10 I f (N N)1 527 1 980 3564 t 10 S f (=)1507 3564 w 10 R f ( B,)1 779(1 -)1 631 2 1562 3564 t 10 B f (v)2972 3564 w 10 R f ( If)1 124( current page is ejected and a new page is begun.)10 2027( The)1 212(Begin page.)1 484 4 1296 3720 t 10 S f (\261)4176 3720 w 10 I f (N)4239 3720 w 10 R f (is given, the new)3 701 1 4339 3720 t (page number will be)3 818 1 1296 3840 t 10 S f (\261)2139 3840 w 10 I f (N)2202 3840 w 10 R f ( see request)2 465(. Also)1 264 2 2269 3840 t 10 C f (ns)3023 3840 w 10 R f (.)3143 3840 w 10 C f (.pn)720 3996 w 10 S f (\261)925 3996 w 10 I f (N N)1 527 1 980 3996 t 10 S f (=)1507 3996 w 10 R f ( -)1 448(1 ignored)1 903 2 1562 3996 t ( \(when it occurs\) will have the page number)8 1837( next page)2 428( The)1 214(Page number.)1 558 4 1296 4152 t 10 S f (\261)4368 4152 w 10 I f (N)4431 4152 w 10 R f (. A)1 157 1 4498 4152 t 10 C f (pn)4690 4152 w 10 R f (must)4845 4152 w ( the initial pseudo-page transition to affect the page number of the first page.)13 3230(occur before)1 514 2 1296 4272 t (The current page number is in the)6 1347 1 1296 4392 t 10 C f (%)2668 4392 w 10 R f (register.)2753 4392 w 10 C f (.po)720 4548 w 10 S f (\261)925 4548 w 10 I f (N)980 4548 w 10 R f ( previous)1 817( 0)1 75(1 in;)1 172 3 1440 4548 t 10 B f (v)2880 4548 w 10 R f ( current)1 314( The)1 212(Page offset.)1 478 3 1296 4704 t 10 I f (left margin)1 449 1 2332 4704 t 10 R f (is set to)2 322 1 2814 4704 t 10 S f (\261)3169 4704 w 10 I f (N)3232 4704 w 10 R f (. The)1 238 1 3299 4704 t 10 I f (troff)3570 4704 w 10 R f (initial value provides 1 inch of)5 1264 1 3776 4704 t ( current page offset is available in the)7 1499( The)1 205(paper margin on a typical device.)5 1330 3 1296 4824 t 10 C f (.o)4355 4824 w 10 R f (register.)4500 4824 w 10 C f (.ne)720 4980 w 10 I f (N)925 4980 w 10 R f (-)1440 4980 w 10 I f (N)2160 4980 w 10 S f (=)2227 4980 w 10 R f (1)2282 4980 w 10 I f (V)2348 4980 w 10 R f (D,)2880 4980 w 10 B f (v)2977 4980 w 10 R f (Need)1296 5136 w 10 I f (N)1535 5136 w 10 R f ( the distance)2 509( If)1 121(vertical space.)1 574 3 1631 5136 t 10 I f (D)2865 5136 w 10 R f (to the next trap position \(see \2477.5\) is less than)9 1877 1 2967 5136 t 10 I f (N)4874 5136 w 10 R f (, a)1 99 1 4941 5136 t (forward vertical space of size)4 1185 1 1296 5256 t 10 I f (D)2509 5256 w 10 R f ( no remaining)2 559( there are)2 376( If)1 119(occurs, which will spring the trap.)5 1377 4 2609 5256 t ( page,)1 247(traps on the)2 482 2 1296 5376 t 10 I f (D)2059 5376 w 10 R f ( If)1 125(is the distance to the bottom of the page.)8 1690 2 2165 5376 t 10 I f (D)4014 5376 w 10 S f (<)4110 5376 w 10 I f (V)4181 5376 w 10 R f (, another line could)3 798 1 4242 5376 t ( a diversion,)2 507( In)1 141(still be output and spring the trap.)6 1395 3 1296 5496 t 10 I f (D)3371 5496 w 10 R f (is the distance to the)4 844 1 3475 5496 t 10 I f (diversion trap)1 571 1 4351 5496 t 10 R f (, if)1 118 1 4922 5496 t (any, or is very large.)4 820 1 1296 5616 t 10 C f (.mk)720 5772 w 10 I f (R)925 5772 w 10 R f ( D)1 487(none internal)1 1025 2 1440 5772 t ( \(both associated with the current diver-)6 1615(Mark the current vertical place in an internal register)8 2129 2 1296 5928 t (sion level\), or in register)4 979 1 1296 6048 t 10 I f (R)2300 6048 w 10 R f ( See)1 194(, if given.)2 383 2 2361 6048 t 10 C f (rt)2963 6048 w 10 R f (request.)3108 6048 w 10 C f (.rt)720 6204 w 10 S f (\261)925 6204 w 10 I f (N)980 6204 w 10 R f ( D,)1 512(none internal)1 1025 2 1440 6204 t 10 B f (v)2977 6204 w 10 R f (Return)1296 6360 w 10 I f (upward only)1 509 1 1599 6360 t 10 R f ( If)1 123( current diversion.)2 743(to a marked vertical place in the)6 1316 3 2139 6360 t 10 S f (\261)4353 6360 w 10 I f (N)4416 6360 w 10 R f (\(with respect)1 525 1 4515 6360 t ( given, the place is)4 786(to current place\) is)3 778 2 1296 6480 t 10 S f (\261)2895 6480 w 10 I f (N)2958 6480 w 10 R f (from the top of the page or diversion or, if)9 1776 1 3060 6480 t 10 I f (N)4871 6480 w 10 R f (is)4973 6480 w ( previous)1 374(absent, to a place marked by a)6 1229 2 1296 6600 t 10 C f (mk)2929 6600 w 10 R f (. The)1 235 1 3049 6600 t 10 C f (sp)3314 6600 w 10 R f (request \(\2475.3\) may be used in all cases)7 1576 1 3464 6600 t (instead of)1 405 1 1296 6720 t 10 C f (rt)1740 6720 w 10 R f ( to the absolute place stored in a explicit register, e.g., using the)12 2697(by spacing)1 444 2 1899 6720 t (sequence)1296 6840 w 10 CW f (.mk)1686 6840 w 10 I f (R)1891 6840 w 10 R f (...)1977 6840 w 10 CW f (.sp |\\n)1 385 1 2077 6840 t 10 I f (R)2462 6840 w 10 CW f (u)2523 6840 w 10 R f (; this also works when the motion is downwards.)8 1952 1 2583 6840 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 12 14 %%Page: 13 15 /saveobj save def mark 15 pagesetup 10 R f (- 13 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 10 B f ( Filling, Adjusting, and Centering)4 1441(4. Text)1 319 2 720 840 t 10 BI f ( and adjusting.)2 622(4.1. Filling)1 485 2 720 996 t 10 R f ( lines and assembled into a out-)6 1284(Normally, words are collected from input text)6 1851 2 1905 996 t ( made to hyphenate the word to put part of it)10 1821( attempt is then)3 629( An)1 177(put text line until some word does not fit.)8 1693 4 720 1116 t ( spaces between the words on the output line are then increased to spread out the)15 3308( The)1 211( output line.)2 493(into the)1 308 4 720 1236 t ( the current)2 458(line to)1 256 2 720 1356 t 10 I f (line length)1 427 1 1461 1356 t 10 R f (minus any current)2 725 1 1915 1356 t 10 I f (indent)2667 1356 w 10 R f (. A)1 149 1 2917 1356 t 10 I f (word)3093 1356 w 10 R f (is any string of characters delimited by the)7 1714 1 3326 1356 t 10 I f (space)720 1476 w 10 R f ( adjacent pair of words that must be kept)8 1777( Any)1 241( of the input line.)4 762(character or the beginning/end)3 1270 4 990 1476 t ( across output lines nor spread apart in the adjustment process\) can be tied together by)15 3456(together \(neither split)2 864 2 720 1596 t (separating them with the)3 985 1 720 1716 t 10 I f (unpaddable space)1 724 1 1730 1716 t 10 R f (character ``)1 455 1 2479 1716 t 10 C f (\\)2934 1716 w 10 R f ( adjusted word spacings)3 957( The)1 205('' \(backslash-space\).)1 824 3 3054 1716 t (are uniform in)2 597 1 720 1836 t 10 I f (troff)1355 1836 w 10 R f (and the minimum interword spacing can be controlled with the)9 2619 1 1566 1836 t 10 C f (ss)4222 1836 w 10 R f ( In)1 145(request \(\2472\).)1 516 2 4379 1836 t 10 I f (nroff)720 1956 w 10 R f ( com-)1 242(, they are normally nonuniform because of quantization to character-size spaces; however, the)12 3883 2 915 1956 t (mand line option)2 700 1 720 2076 t 10 C f (-e)1456 2076 w 10 R f ( adjustment, and)2 678( Filling,)1 353(causes uniform spacing with full output device resolution.)7 2397 3 1612 2076 t ( text length on the last line output is available in)10 1962( The)1 209( all be prevented or controlled.)5 1245(hyphenation \(\24713\) can)2 904 4 720 2196 t (the)720 2316 w 10 C f (.n)874 2316 w 10 R f (register, and text baseline position on the page for this line is in the)13 2759 1 1025 2316 t 10 C f (nl)3815 2316 w 10 R f ( text baseline)2 539(register. The)1 535 2 3966 2316 t ( the current page is in the)6 1093(high-water mark \(lowest place\) on)4 1426 2 720 2436 t 10 C f (.h)3278 2436 w 10 R f ( current horizontal output)3 1060(register. The)1 543 2 3437 2436 t (position is in the)3 665 1 720 2556 t 10 C f (.k)1410 2556 w 10 R f (register.)1555 2556 w (An input text line ending with)5 1208 1 970 2712 t 10 C f (.)2204 2712 w 10 R f (,)2272 2712 w 10 C f (?)2323 2712 w 10 R f (, or)1 134 1 2383 2712 t 10 C f (!)2543 2712 w 10 R f (, optionally followed by any number of)6 1574 1 2603 2712 t 10 CW f (")4203 2712 w 10 R f (,)4263 2712 w 10 CW f (')4314 2712 w 10 R f (,)4374 2712 w 10 CW f (\))4425 2712 w 10 R f (,)4485 2712 w 10 CW f (])4537 2712 w 10 R f (,)4597 2712 w 10 CW f (*)4649 2712 w 10 R f (, or \262, is)3 331 1 4709 2712 t ( additional space character is automatically provided during filling.)8 2690(taken to be the end of a sentence, and an)9 1630 2 720 2832 t ( add)1 170(To prevent this,)2 630 2 720 2952 t 10 CW f (\\&)1546 2952 w 10 R f ( inter-word space characters found in the input)7 1866( Multiple)1 396(to the end of the input line.)6 1086 3 1692 2952 t (are retained, except for trailing spaces; initial spaces also cause a break.)11 2861 1 720 3072 t (When filling is in effect, a)5 1063 1 970 3228 t 10 C f (\\p)2061 3228 w 10 R f ( to cause a break at the end of)8 1217(may be embedded or attached to a word)7 1614 2 2209 3228 t (the word and have the resulting output line spread out to fill the current line length.)15 3324 1 720 3348 t ( that happens to begin with a control character can be made not to look like a control)17 3414(A text input line)3 656 2 970 3504 t (line by prefixing it with the non-printing, zero-width filler character)9 2721 1 720 3624 t 10 C f (\\&)3467 3624 w 10 R f ( another way is to specify out-)6 1209(. Still)1 244 2 3587 3624 t (put translation of some convenient character into the control character using)10 3038 1 720 3744 t 10 C f (tr)3783 3744 w 10 R f (\(\24710.5\).)3928 3744 w 10 BI f ( text.)1 203(4.2. Interrupted)1 673 2 720 3900 t 10 R f (The copying of a input line in)6 1206 1 1674 3900 t 10 I f (nofill)2908 3900 w 10 R f (\(non-fill\) mode can be interrupted by terminat-)6 1892 1 3148 3900 t ( a)1 73(ing the partial line with)4 953 2 720 4020 t 10 C f (\\c)1775 4020 w 10 R f ( next encountered input text line will be considered to be a continuation)12 2911(. The)1 234 2 1895 4020 t ( a word within)3 610( Similarly,)1 458( text.)1 210(of the same line of input)5 1019 4 720 4140 t 10 I f (filled)3052 4140 w 10 R f (text may be interrupted by terminating the)6 1747 1 3293 4140 t (word \(and line\) with)3 833 1 720 4260 t 10 C f (\\c)1583 4260 w 10 R f ( taken as a continuation of the interrupted word.)8 1948(; the next encountered text will be)6 1389 2 1703 4260 t (If the intervening control lines cause a break, any partial line will be forced out along with any partial word.)19 4311 1 720 4380 t 10 C f (.br)720 4536 w 10 R f (- - B)2 1507 1 1440 4536 t ( filling of the line currently being collected is stopped and the line is output with-)15 3275(Break. The)1 469 2 1296 4692 t ( characters \(but not tabs\) and empty text)7 1710( lines beginning with space)4 1152( Text)1 249(out adjustment.)1 633 4 1296 4812 t (lines \(blank lines\) also cause a break.)6 1488 1 1296 4932 t 10 C f (.fi)720 5088 w 10 R f ( B,E)1 840( -)1 511(fill on)1 242 3 1440 5088 t ( register)1 324( The)1 205(Fill subsequent output lines.)3 1129 3 1296 5244 t 10 C f (.u)2979 5244 w 10 R f (is 1 in fill mode and 0 in nofill mode.)9 1495 1 3124 5244 t 10 C f (.nf)720 5400 w 10 R f ( B,E)1 840( -)1 511(fill on)1 242 3 1440 5400 t ( text lines are copied)4 878( Input)1 274( adjusted.)1 396( output lines are neither filled nor)6 1409(Nofill. Subsequent)1 787 5 1296 5556 t (directly to output lines without regard for the current line length.)10 2583 1 1296 5676 t 10 C f (.ad)720 5832 w 10 I f (c)925 5832 w 10 R f ( E)1 542( adjust)1 609(adj, both)1 350 3 1440 5832 t ( is)1 93( fill mode is not on, adjustment will be deferred until fill mode)12 2502( If)1 116(Line adjustment is begun.)3 1033 4 1296 5988 t ( the type indicator)3 754( If)1 126(back on.)1 348 3 1296 6108 t 10 I f (c)2559 6108 w 10 R f ( as shown in the)4 680(is present, the adjustment type is changed)6 1722 2 2638 6108 t (following table.)1 633 1 1296 6228 t 10 S f (_ _______________________________)1 1574 1 2381 6308 t 10 R f ( Type)1 230(Indicator Adjust)1 1010 2 2431 6428 t 10 S f (_ _______________________________)1 1574 1 2381 6448 t 10 C f (l)2581 6568 w 10 R f (adjust left margin only)3 908 1 2941 6568 t 10 C f (r)2581 6688 w 10 R f (adjust right margin only)3 964 1 2941 6688 t 10 C f (c)2581 6808 w 10 R f (center)2941 6808 w 10 C f (b)2484 6928 w 10 R f (or)2569 6928 w 10 C f (n)2677 6928 w 10 R f (adjust both margins)2 789 1 2941 6928 t (absent unchanged)1 890 1 2483 7048 t 10 S f ( \347)1 -1574(_ _______________________________)1 1574 2 2381 7068 t (\347)2381 7008 w (\347)2381 6908 w (\347)2381 6808 w (\347)2381 6708 w (\347)2381 6608 w (\347)2381 6508 w (\347)2381 6408 w (\347)2866 7068 w (\347)2866 7008 w (\347)2866 6908 w (\347)2866 6808 w (\347)2866 6708 w (\347)2866 6608 w (\347)2866 6508 w (\347)2866 6408 w (\347)3955 7068 w (\347)3955 7008 w (\347)3955 6908 w (\347)3955 6808 w (\347)3955 6708 w (\347)3955 6608 w (\347)3955 6508 w (\347)3955 6408 w 10 R f (The number register)2 809 1 1296 7248 t 10 CW f (.j)2130 7248 w 10 R f (contains the current value of the)5 1283 1 2275 7248 t 10 CW f (ad)3583 7248 w 10 R f ( recorded)1 374(setting; its value can be)4 938 2 3728 7248 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 13 15 %%Page: 14 16 /saveobj save def mark 16 pagesetup 10 R f (- 14 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (and used subsequently to set adjustment.)5 1627 1 1296 840 t 10 C f (.na)720 996 w 10 R f ( E)1 748(adjust -)1 753 2 1440 996 t ( adjustment type for)3 805( The)1 205( is turned off; the right margin will be ragged.)9 1831(Noadjust. Adjustment)1 903 4 1296 1152 t 10 C f (ad)1296 1272 w 10 R f ( line filling still occurs if fill mode is on.)9 1623( Output)1 328(is not changed.)2 602 3 1441 1272 t 10 C f (.ce)720 1428 w 10 I f (N)925 1428 w 10 R f (off)1440 1428 w 10 I f (N)2160 1428 w 10 S f (=)2251 1428 w 10 R f (1 B,E)1 711 1 2322 1428 t (Center the next)2 630 1 1296 1584 t 10 I f (N)1961 1584 w 10 R f ( current available horizontal space \(line-length)5 1914(input text lines within the)4 1063 2 2063 1584 t ( If)1 128(minus indent\).)1 590 2 1296 1704 t 10 I f (N)2051 1704 w 10 S f (=)2142 1704 w 10 R f ( each of the)3 495( break occurs after)3 774( A)1 134(0, any residual count is cleared.)5 1321 4 2213 1704 t 10 I f (N)4973 1704 w 10 R f ( the input line is too long, it will be left adjusted.)11 1948( If)1 116(input lines.)1 445 3 1296 1824 t 10 B f ( Spacing)1 365(5. Vertical)1 468 2 720 2064 t 10 BI f ( spacing.)1 375(5.1. Baseline)1 556 2 720 2220 t 10 R f (The vertical spacing \()3 891 1 1734 2220 t 10 I f (V)2633 2220 w 10 R f ( baselines of successive output lines can be)7 1785(\) between the)2 553 2 2702 2220 t (set using the)2 504 1 720 2340 t 10 C f (vs)1251 2340 w 10 R f (request.)1398 2340 w 10 I f (V)1763 2340 w 10 R f ( on the affected out-)4 807(should be large enough to accommodate the character sizes)8 2382 2 1851 2340 t ( \(9-12 points\), usual typesetting practice is to set)8 1964( the common type sizes)4 946( For)1 191(put lines.)1 369 4 720 2460 t 10 I f (V)4218 2460 w 10 R f (to 2 points greater)3 733 1 4307 2460 t (than the point size;)3 764 1 720 2580 t 10 I f (troff)1511 2580 w 10 R f ( current)1 308( The)1 206( in this document\).)3 753(default is 10-point type on a 12-point spacing \(as)8 1975 4 1711 2580 t 10 I f (V)4979 2580 w 10 R f (is available in the)3 705 1 720 2700 t 10 C f (.v)1451 2700 w 10 R f (register. Multiple-)1 753 1 1597 2700 t 10 I f (V)2350 2700 w 10 R f (line separation \(e.g., double spacing\) may be requested with)8 2414 1 2454 2700 t 10 C f (ls)4895 2700 w 10 R f (,)5015 2700 w ( to use a large)4 554(but it is better)3 556 2 720 2820 t 10 CW f (vs)1855 2820 w 10 R f ( current line spac-)3 717( The)1 205(instead; certain preprocessors assume single spacing.)5 2118 3 2000 2820 t (ing is available in the)4 855 1 720 2940 t 10 C f (.L)1600 2940 w 10 R f (register.)1745 2940 w 10 BI f ( line-space.)1 471(5.2. Extra)1 434 2 720 3096 t 10 R f ( a vertically tall construct requiring the output line containing it)10 2597(If a word contains)3 738 2 1705 3096 t ( extra vertical space before and/or after it, the)8 1829(to have)1 294 2 720 3216 t 10 I f (extra-line-space)2870 3216 w 10 R f (function)3545 3216 w 10 C f (\\x')3905 3216 w 10 I f (N)4085 3216 w 10 C f (')4152 3216 w 10 R f (can be embedded in)3 801 1 4239 3216 t ( If)1 121(or attached to that word.)4 993 2 720 3336 t 10 I f (N)1864 3336 w 10 R f ( word will be preceded by)5 1069(is negative, the output line containing the)6 1682 2 1961 3336 t 10 I f (N)4743 3336 w 10 R f (extra)4841 3336 w (vertical space; if)2 687 1 720 3456 t 10 I f (N)1446 3456 w 10 R f (is positive, the output line containing the word will be followed by)11 2809 1 1552 3456 t 10 I f (N)4399 3456 w 10 R f (extra vertical)1 536 1 4504 3456 t ( The)1 216( to the same line, the maximum values are used.)9 2016( successive requests for extra space apply)6 1716(space. If)1 372 4 720 3576 t (most recently utilized post-line extra line-space is available in the)9 2621 1 720 3696 t 10 C f (.a)3366 3696 w 10 R f (register.)3511 3696 w (In)970 3852 w 10 CW f (\\x')1098 3852 w 10 I f (...)1278 3852 w 10 CW f (')1353 3852 w 10 R f ( delimiter)1 407(and other functions having a pair of delimiters around their parameter, the)11 3175 2 1458 3852 t (choice \(here)1 489 1 720 3972 t 10 CW f (')1234 3972 w 10 R f (\) is arbitrary, except that it can not look like the continuation of a number expression for)16 3525 1 1294 3972 t 10 I f (N)4844 3972 w 10 R f (.)4911 3972 w 10 BI f ( of vertical space.)3 715(5.3. Blocks)1 478 2 720 4128 t 10 R f (A block of vertical space is ordinarily requested using)8 2165 1 1988 4128 t 10 C f (sp)4179 4128 w 10 R f (, which honors the)3 741 1 4299 4128 t 10 I f (no-space)720 4248 w 10 R f ( contiguous block of vertical space may be reserved)8 2075( A)1 123(mode and which does not space past a trap.)8 1735 3 1107 4248 t (using)720 4368 w 10 C f (sv)962 4368 w 10 R f (.)1082 4368 w 10 C f (.vs)720 4524 w 10 I f (N)960 4524 w 10 R f ( E,)1 462( previous)1 588(12pts; 1/6in)1 476 3 1440 4524 t 10 B f (p)2966 4524 w 10 R f (Set vertical baseline spacing size)4 1346 1 1296 4680 t 10 I f (V)2675 4680 w 10 R f ( is available with)3 707( extra vertical space)3 818(. Transient)1 460 3 2736 4680 t 10 C f (\\x)4755 4680 w 10 I f ('N ')1 165 1 4875 4680 t 10 R f (\(see above\).)1 481 1 1296 4800 t 10 C f (.ls)720 4956 w 10 I f (N N)1 547 1 960 4956 t 10 S f (=)1531 4956 w 10 R f ( E)1 437(1 previous)1 902 2 1602 4956 t 10 I f (Line)1296 5112 w 10 R f (spacing set to)2 594 1 1524 5112 t 10 S f (\261)2168 5112 w 10 I f (N)2231 5112 w 10 R f (.)2298 5112 w 10 I f (N)2398 5112 w 10 S f (-)2489 5112 w 10 R f (1)2560 5112 w 10 I f (V)2660 5112 w 10 R f ( line.)1 226(s \(blank lines\) are appended to each output text)8 2085 2 2729 5112 t ( trap)1 184(Appended blank lines are omitted, if the text or previous appended blank line reached a)14 3560 2 1296 5232 t (position.)1296 5352 w 10 C f (.sp)720 5508 w 10 I f (N)960 5508 w 10 R f (-)1440 5508 w 10 I f (N)2160 5508 w 10 S f (=)2251 5508 w 10 R f (1)2322 5508 w 10 I f (V)2413 5508 w 10 R f (B,)2880 5508 w 10 B f (v)2972 5508 w 10 R f ( If)1 119(Space vertically in either direction.)4 1412 2 1296 5664 t 10 I f (N)2855 5664 w 10 R f (is negative, the motion is backward \(upward\) and is)8 2090 1 2950 5664 t ( the)1 147( \(downward\) motion is truncated to)5 1417( Forward)1 389(limited to the distance to the top of the page.)9 1791 4 1296 5784 t ( the no-space mode is on, no spacing occurs \(see)9 2003( If)1 123(distance to the nearest trap.)4 1113 3 1296 5904 t 10 C f (ns)4567 5904 w 10 R f (, and)1 201 1 4687 5904 t 10 C f (rs)4920 5904 w 10 R f (below\).)1296 6024 w 10 C f (.sv)720 6180 w 10 I f (N)925 6180 w 10 R f (-)1440 6180 w 10 I f (N)2160 6180 w 10 S f (=)2251 6180 w 10 R f (1)2322 6180 w 10 I f (V)2413 6180 w 10 B f (v)2880 6180 w 10 R f (Save a contiguous vertical block of size)6 1586 1 1296 6336 t 10 I f (N)2907 6336 w 10 R f ( the distance to the next trap is greater than)9 1716(. If)1 141 2 2974 6336 t 10 I f (N)4856 6336 w 10 R f (,)4923 6336 w 10 I f (N)4973 6336 w 10 R f ( this distance is less than)5 996( If)1 118( no effect.)2 405( mode has)2 411( No-space)1 429(vertical space is output.)3 952 6 1296 6456 t 10 I f (N)4634 6456 w 10 R f (, no ver-)2 339 1 4701 6456 t (tical space is immediately output, but)5 1499 1 1296 6576 t 10 I f (N)2821 6576 w 10 R f ( for later output \(see)4 817(is remembered)1 591 2 2914 6576 t 10 C f (os)4349 6576 w 10 R f (\). Subsequent)1 571 1 4469 6576 t 10 C f (sv)1296 6696 w 10 R f (requests will overwrite any still remembered)5 1783 1 1441 6696 t 10 I f (N)3249 6696 w 10 R f (.)3316 6696 w 10 C f (.os)720 6852 w 10 R f (- - -)2 1473 1 1440 6852 t ( to finally output a block of)6 1112( Used)1 258( effect.)1 279( mode has no)3 536( No-space)1 428(Output saved vertical space.)3 1131 6 1296 7008 t (vertical space requested by an earlier)5 1475 1 1296 7128 t 10 C f (sv)2796 7128 w 10 R f (request.)2941 7128 w 10 C f (.ns)720 7284 w 10 R f ( D)1 759(space -)1 753 2 1440 7284 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 14 16 %%Page: 15 17 /saveobj save def mark 17 pagesetup 10 R f (- 15 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t ( no-space mode inhibits)3 985( on,)1 160( When)1 298(No-space mode turned on.)3 1083 4 1296 840 t 10 C f (sp)3858 840 w 10 R f (requests and)1 507 1 4014 840 t 10 C f (bp)4557 840 w 10 R f (requests)4713 840 w 10 I f (without)1296 960 w 10 R f ( mode is turned off when a line of output occurs, or)11 2140( No-space)1 434( number.)1 363(a next page)2 472 4 1631 960 t (with)1296 1080 w 10 C f (rs)1499 1080 w 10 R f (.)1619 1080 w 10 C f (.rs)720 1236 w 10 R f ( D)1 759(space -)1 753 2 1440 1236 t ( no-space mode is turned off.)5 1164( The)1 205(Restore spacing.)1 660 3 1296 1392 t ( B)1 754( -)1 859(Blank text line.)2 614 3 720 1548 t (Causes a break and output of a blank line exactly like)10 2135 1 1296 1704 t 10 C f (sp 1)1 240 1 3456 1704 t 10 R f (.)3696 1704 w 10 B f ( Length and Indenting)3 961(6. Line)1 320 2 720 1944 t 10 R f (The maximum line length for fill mode may be set with)10 2351 1 970 2100 t 10 C f (ll)3359 2100 w 10 R f ( be set with)3 500( indent may)2 498(. The)1 243 3 3479 2100 t 10 C f (in)4759 2100 w 10 R f (; an)1 161 1 4879 2100 t (indent applicable to only the next output line may be set with)11 2457 1 720 2220 t 10 C f (ti)3203 2220 w 10 R f ( space but)2 399( line length includes indent)4 1087(. The)1 231 3 3323 2220 t ( line length minus the indent is the basis for centering with)11 2346( The)1 205(not page offset space.)3 864 3 720 2340 t 10 C f (ce)4160 2340 w 10 R f ( effect of)2 359(. The)1 230 2 4280 2340 t 10 C f (ll)4895 2340 w 10 R f (,)5015 2340 w 10 C f (in)720 2460 w 10 R f (, or)1 134 1 840 2460 t 10 C f (ti)1000 2460 w 10 R f ( fill mode the length)4 811( In)1 133( after that line is output.)5 955(is delayed, if a partially collected line exists, until)8 1995 4 1146 2460 t ( and)1 170( current line length)3 757( The)1 205(of text on an output line is less than or equal to the line length minus the indent.)17 3188 4 720 2580 t ( in registers)2 488(indent are available)2 805 2 720 2700 t 10 C f (.l)2049 2700 w 10 R f (and)2205 2700 w 10 C f (.i)2385 2700 w 10 R f ( length of)2 405(respectively. The)1 723 2 2541 2700 t 10 I f (three-part titles)1 636 1 3705 2700 t 10 R f (produced by)1 507 1 4377 2700 t 10 C f (tl)4920 2700 w 10 R f (\(see \24714\) is independently set by)5 1312 1 720 2820 t 10 C f (lt)2057 2820 w 10 R f (.)2177 2820 w 10 C f (.ll)720 2976 w 10 S f (\261)925 2976 w 10 I f (N)980 2976 w 10 R f ( E,)1 462( previous)1 845(6.5 in)1 219 3 1440 2976 t 10 B f (m)2966 2976 w 10 R f (Line length is set to)4 789 1 1296 3132 t 10 S f (\261)2110 3132 w 10 I f (N)2165 3132 w 10 R f (.)2232 3132 w 10 C f (.in)720 3288 w 10 S f (\261)925 3288 w 10 I f (N N)1 527 1 980 3288 t 10 S f (=)1507 3288 w 10 R f ( B,E,)1 554(0 previous)1 934 2 1570 3288 t 10 B f (m)3058 3288 w 10 R f (Indent is set to)3 586 1 1296 3444 t 10 S f (\261)1907 3444 w 10 I f (N)1970 3444 w 10 R f ( indent is prepended to each output line.)7 1598(. The)1 230 2 2037 3444 t 10 C f (.ti)720 3600 w 10 S f (\261)925 3600 w 10 I f (N)980 3600 w 10 R f ( B,E,)1 593(- ignored)1 1025 2 1440 3600 t 10 B f (m)3058 3600 w 10 R f ( distance)1 360( next output text line will be indented a)8 1622( The)1 212(Temporary indent.)1 750 4 1296 3756 t 10 S f (\261)4273 3756 w 10 I f (N)4336 3756 w 10 R f (with respect to)2 604 1 4436 3756 t ( current indent is not)4 843( The)1 209( be negative.)2 515( resulting total indent may not)5 1228( The)1 210(the current indent.)2 739 6 1296 3876 t (changed.)1296 3996 w 10 B f ( Strings, Diversion, and Position Traps)5 1655(7. Macros,)1 471 2 720 4236 t 10 BI f ( and strings.)2 510(7.1. Macros)1 511 2 720 4392 t 10 R f (A)1816 4392 w 10 I f (macro)1913 4392 w 10 R f (is a named set of arbitrary)5 1039 1 2193 4392 t 10 I f (lines)3258 4392 w 10 R f (that may be invoked by name or with a)8 1567 1 3473 4392 t 10 I f (trap)720 4512 w 10 R f (. A)1 152 1 887 4512 t 10 I f (string)1069 4512 w 10 R f (is a named string of)4 808 1 1333 4512 t 10 I f (characters)2171 4512 w 10 R f ( interpolated)1 506(, not including a newline character, that may be)8 1936 2 2598 4512 t ( and string names)3 708( Macro)1 311( macro, and string names share the same name list.)9 2036( Request,)1 398(by name at any point.)4 867 5 720 4632 t ( one or two characters long and may usurp previously defined request, macro, or string names; this)16 4023(may be)1 297 2 720 4752 t ( of these entities may be renamed with)7 1560( Any)1 225( be \(irrevocably\) redefined.)3 1099(implies that built-in operations may)4 1436 4 720 4872 t 10 C f (rn)720 4992 w 10 R f (or removed with)2 660 1 865 4992 t 10 C f (rm)1550 4992 w 10 R f (.)1670 4992 w (Macros are created by)3 882 1 970 5148 t 10 C f (de)1877 5148 w 10 R f (and)2023 5148 w 10 C f (di)2193 5148 w 10 R f (, and appended to by)4 833 1 2313 5148 t 10 C f (am)3172 5148 w 10 R f (and)3318 5148 w 10 C f (da)3488 5148 w 10 R f (;)3608 5148 w 10 C f (di)3662 5148 w 10 R f (and)3808 5148 w 10 C f (da)3978 5148 w 10 R f (cause normal output to)3 916 1 4124 5148 t ( macro is invoked in the same way as a request; a control line beginning)14 2963( A)1 129(be stored in a macro.)4 862 3 720 5268 t 10 C f (.)4705 5268 w 10 I f (xx)4765 5268 w 10 R f (will)4884 5268 w (interpolate the contents of macro)4 1314 1 720 5388 t 10 I f (xx)2059 5388 w 10 R f ( remainder of the line may contain up to nine)9 1800(. The)1 230 2 2147 5388 t 10 I f (arguments)4202 5388 w 10 R f (.)4624 5388 w (Strings are created by)3 867 1 970 5544 t 10 C f (ds)1862 5544 w 10 R f (and appended to by)3 779 1 2007 5544 t 10 C f (as)2811 5544 w 10 R f ( strings)1 293(. The)1 230 2 2931 5544 t 10 I f (x)3480 5544 w 10 R f (and)3550 5544 w 10 I f (xx)3720 5544 w 10 R f (are interpolated at any desired)4 1206 1 3834 5544 t (point with)1 409 1 720 5664 t 10 C f (\\)1154 5664 w 10 S f (*)1214 5664 w 10 I f (x)1264 5664 w 10 R f (and)1333 5664 w 10 C f (\\)1502 5664 w 10 S f (*)1562 5664 w 10 C f (\()1612 5664 w 10 I f (xx)1672 5664 w 10 R f ( references and macro invocations may be nested.)7 1983(respectively. String)1 802 2 1785 5664 t 10 BI f ( mode input interpretation.)3 1132(7.2. Copy)1 411 2 720 5820 t 10 R f (During the definition and extension of strings and macros \(not by)10 2694 1 2346 5820 t (diversion\) the input is read in)5 1174 1 720 5940 t 10 I f (copy mode)1 429 1 1919 5940 t 10 R f ( copy mode, input is copied without interpretation except that:)9 2487(. In)1 158 2 2348 5940 t 6 S f (\267)970 6086 w 10 R f (The contents of number registers indicated by)6 1830 1 1023 6096 t 10 C f (\\n)2878 6096 w 10 R f (are interpolated.)1 648 1 3023 6096 t 6 S f (\267)970 6206 w 10 R f (Strings indicated by)2 800 1 1023 6216 t 10 C f (\\)1848 6216 w 10 S f (*)1908 6216 w 10 R f (are interpolated.)1 648 1 1983 6216 t 6 S f (\267)970 6326 w 10 R f (Arguments indicated by)2 960 1 1023 6336 t 10 C f (\\$)2008 6336 w 10 R f (are interpolated.)1 648 1 2153 6336 t 6 S f (\267)970 6446 w 10 R f (Concealed newlines indicated by)3 1317 1 1023 6456 t 10 C f (\\)2365 6456 w 10 I f (newline)2425 6456 w 10 R f (are eliminated.)1 593 1 2761 6456 t 6 S f (\267)970 6566 w 10 R f (Comments indicated by)2 950 1 1023 6576 t 10 C f (\\")1998 6576 w 10 R f (are eliminated.)1 593 1 2143 6576 t 6 S f (\267)970 6686 w 10 C f (\\t)1023 6696 w 10 R f (and)1168 6696 w 10 C f (\\a)1337 6696 w 10 R f (are interpreted as)2 686 1 1482 6696 t 9 R f (ASCII)2193 6696 w 10 R f (horizontal tab and)2 721 1 2453 6696 t 9 R f (SOH)3199 6696 w 10 R f (respectively \(\2479\).)1 698 1 3404 6696 t 6 S f (\267)970 6806 w 10 C f (\\\\)1023 6816 w 10 R f (is interpreted as)2 632 1 1168 6816 t 10 C f (\\)1825 6816 w 10 R f (.)1885 6816 w 6 S f (\267)970 6926 w 10 C f (\\.)1023 6936 w 10 R f (is interpreted as ``)3 723 1 1168 6936 t 10 C f (.)1891 6936 w 10 R f (''.)1951 6936 w (These interpretations can be suppressed by prepending a)7 2260 1 720 7092 t 10 C f (\\)3006 7092 w 10 R f ( example, since)2 620(. For)1 215 2 3066 7092 t 10 C f (\\\\)3927 7092 w 10 R f (maps into a)2 465 1 4073 7092 t 10 C f (\\)4565 7092 w 10 R f (,)4625 7092 w 10 C f (\\\\n)4677 7092 w 10 R f (will)4884 7092 w (copy as)1 302 1 720 7212 t 10 C f (\\n)1047 7212 w 10 R f (, which will be interpreted as a number register indicator when the macro or string is reread.)16 3675 1 1167 7212 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 15 17 %%Page: 16 18 /saveobj save def mark 18 pagesetup 10 R f (- 16 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 10 BI f (7.3. Arguments.)1 682 1 720 840 t 10 R f ( to)1 113(When a macro is invoked by name, the remainder of the line is taken to contain up)16 3441 2 1486 840 t ( the space character \(not tab\), and arguments may be surrounded)10 2583( argument separator is)3 890( The)1 207(nine arguments.)1 640 4 720 960 t ( may be embedded in)4 942( of double quotes)3 754( Pairs)1 271(by double quotes to permit embedded space characters.)7 2353 4 720 1080 t ( argument)1 406( The)1 209( double-quote character.)2 974(double-quoted arguments to represent a single)5 1869 4 720 1200 t 10 CW f ("")4207 1200 w 10 R f (is explicitly null.)2 684 1 4356 1200 t ( may be used to continue on the next line.)9 1710(If the desired arguments won't fit on a line, a concealed newline)11 2610 2 720 1320 t (A trailing double quote may be omitted.)6 1602 1 720 1440 t (When a macro is invoked the)5 1177 1 970 1596 t 10 I f (input level)1 421 1 2174 1596 t 10 R f (is)2622 1596 w 10 I f (pushed down)1 527 1 2716 1596 t 10 R f (and any arguments available at the previous)6 1770 1 3270 1596 t ( macro's)1 351( A)1 127( macro is completely read and the previous level is restored.)10 2448(level become unavailable until the)4 1394 4 720 1716 t ( macro with)2 503(own arguments can be interpolated at any point within the)9 2430 2 720 1836 t 10 CW f (\\$)3691 1836 w 10 I f (N)3811 1836 w 10 R f (, which interpolates the)3 971 1 3878 1836 t 10 I f (N)4887 1836 w 10 R f (th)4962 1836 w (argument \(1)1 487 1 720 1956 t 10 S f (\243)1207 1956 w 10 I f (N)1262 1956 w 10 S f (\243)1337 1956 w 10 R f ( example, the macro)3 815( For)1 191( an invoked argument does not exist, a null string results.)10 2302(9\). If)1 226 4 1392 1956 t 10 I f (xx)4952 1956 w 10 R f (may be defined by)3 740 1 720 2076 t 9 CW f ( begin definition)2 918( \\")1 324(.de xx)1 324 3 1008 2246 t (Today is \\\\$1 the \\\\$2.)4 1242 1 1008 2356 t ( end definition)2 810(.. \\")1 648 2 1008 2466 t 10 R f (and called by)2 532 1 720 2646 t 9 CW f (.xx Monday 14th)2 810 1 1008 2816 t 10 R f (to produce the text)3 746 1 720 2996 t 9 CW f (Today is Monday the 14th.)4 1350 1 1008 3166 t 10 R f (Note that each)2 584 1 720 3346 t 10 C f (\\$)1333 3346 w 10 R f (was concealed in the definition with a prepended)7 1982 1 1482 3346 t 10 C f (\\)3494 3346 w 10 R f ( number of arguments is in the)6 1251(. The)1 235 2 3554 3346 t 10 C f (.$)720 3466 w 10 R f (register.)865 3466 w ( the top \(non-macro\) level, within a string, or within a trap-invoked)11 2831(No arguments are available at)4 1239 2 970 3622 t (macro.)720 3742 w ( is advis-)2 373( It)1 117( for reference.)2 572(Arguments are copied in copy mode onto a stack where they are available)12 3008 4 970 3898 t (able to conceal string references \(with an extra)7 1863 1 720 4018 t 10 C f (\\)2608 4018 w 10 R f (\) to delay interpolation until argument reference time.)7 2146 1 2684 4018 t 10 BI f (7.4. Diversions.)1 664 1 720 4174 t 10 R f ( for purposes such as footnote processing)6 1677(Processed output may be diverted into a macro)7 1900 2 1463 4174 t ( changing of)2 509(\(see Tutorial \247T5\) or determining the horizontal and vertical size of some text for conditional)14 3811 2 720 4294 t ( registers)1 366( number)1 332( The)1 207( single diversion trap may be set at a specified vertical position.)11 2563( A)1 124(pages or columns.)2 728 6 720 4414 t 10 C f (dn)720 4534 w 10 R f (and)871 4534 w 10 C f (dl)1046 4534 w 10 R f ( Pro-)1 227(respectively contain the vertical and horizontal size of the most recently ended diversion.)12 3617 2 1196 4534 t ( of each of its lines when reread in)8 1454(cessed text that is diverted into a macro retains the vertical size)11 2619 2 720 4654 t 10 I f (nofill)4828 4654 w 10 R f (mode regardless of the current)4 1257 1 720 4774 t 10 I f (V)2013 4774 w 10 R f ( \()1 69(. Constant-spaced)1 746 2 2074 4774 t 10 C f (cs)2889 4774 w 10 R f (\) or emboldened \()3 742 1 3009 4774 t 10 C f (bd)3751 4774 w 10 R f (\) text that is diverted can be)6 1169 1 3871 4774 t ( way to do this is to)6 862( One)1 229( still in effect at reread time.)6 1206(reread correctly only if these modes are again or)8 2023 4 720 4894 t ( appropriate)1 492(embed in the diversion the)4 1116 2 720 5014 t 10 C f (cs)2366 5014 w 10 R f (or)2524 5014 w 10 C f (bd)2645 5014 w 10 R f (requests with the)2 703 1 2803 5014 t 10 I f (transparent)3544 5014 w 10 R f (mechanism described in)2 991 1 4049 5014 t (\24710.6.)720 5134 w ( and certain parameters and registers are associated with the current diver-)11 3026(Diversions may be nested)3 1044 2 970 5290 t ( are the diver-)3 574( These)1 294( level\).)1 283(sion level \(the top non-diversion level may be thought of as the 0th diversion)13 3169 4 720 5410 t ( mode, the internally-saved marked place \(see)6 1837(sion trap and associated macro, no-space)5 1629 2 720 5530 t 10 C f (mk)4212 5530 w 10 R f (and)4358 5530 w 10 C f (rt)4528 5530 w 10 R f (\), the cur-)2 392 1 4648 5530 t (rent vertical place \()3 778 1 720 5650 t 10 C f (.d)1498 5650 w 10 R f (register\), the current high-water text baseline \()6 1865 1 1645 5650 t 10 C f (.h)3510 5650 w 10 R f ( current diversion)2 706(register\), and the)2 677 2 3657 5650 t (name \()1 274 1 720 5770 t 10 C f (.z)994 5770 w 10 R f (register\).)1139 5770 w 10 BI f (7.5. Traps.)1 464 1 720 5926 t 10 R f ( are available\320page traps, a diversion trap, and an input-line-)9 2496(Three types of trap mechanisms)4 1283 2 1261 5926 t ( traps may be planted using)5 1131( Macro-invocation)1 772(count trap.)1 434 3 720 6046 t 10 C f (wh)3089 6046 w 10 R f ( This)1 234(at any page position including the top.)6 1566 2 3240 6046 t (trap position may be changed using)5 1448 1 720 6166 t 10 C f (ch)2199 6166 w 10 R f ( of the page have no effect)6 1099( positions at or below the bottom)6 1353(. Trap)1 269 3 2319 6166 t ( traps)1 229( Two)1 243( length.)1 310(unless or until moved to within the page or rendered effective by an increase in page)15 3538 4 720 6286 t ( different positions and then moving one)6 1651(may be planted at the same position only by first planting them at)12 2669 2 720 6406 t ( is moved \(see Tuto-)4 833(of the traps; the first planted trap will conceal the second unless and until the first one)16 3487 2 720 6526 t ( macro associated with)3 915( The)1 206( the first one is moved back, it again conceals the second trap.)12 2473( If)1 116(rial Examples\).)1 610 5 720 6646 t ( trap is automatically invoked when a line of text is output whose vertical size reaches or sweeps past)18 4061(a page)1 259 2 720 6766 t ( the top-of-page trap, if any, provided there is a)9 1977( the bottom of a page springs)6 1214( Reaching)1 436(the trap position.)2 693 4 720 6886 t ( distance to the next trap position is available in the)10 2244( The)1 224(next page.)1 429 3 720 7006 t 10 C f (.t)3660 7006 w 10 R f (register; if there are no traps)5 1217 1 3823 7006 t ( the bottom of the page, the distance returned is the distance to the page)14 2985(between the current position and)4 1335 2 720 7126 t (bottom.)720 7246 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 16 18 %%Page: 17 19 /saveobj save def mark 19 pagesetup 10 R f (- 17 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t ( the current diversion may be planted using)7 1749(A macro-invocation trap effective in)4 1465 2 970 840 t 10 C f (dt)4212 840 w 10 R f (. The)1 233 1 4332 840 t 10 C f (.t)4593 840 w 10 R f (register)4741 840 w ( a description of input-)4 926( For)1 193( a large distance is returned.)5 1139(works in a diversion; if there is no subsequent trap)9 2062 4 720 960 t (line-count traps, see)2 801 1 720 1080 t 10 C f (it)1546 1080 w 10 R f (below.)1691 1080 w 10 C f (.de)720 1236 w 10 I f (xx yy)1 201 1 925 1236 t 10 R f (-)1440 1236 w 10 I f (.yy=)2160 1236 w 10 C f (..)2341 1236 w 10 R f (-)2880 1236 w (Define or redefine the macro)4 1203 1 1296 1392 t 10 I f (xx)2537 1392 w 10 R f ( the macro begin on the next input line.)8 1680( contents of)2 492(. The)1 243 3 2625 1392 t (Input lines are copied in)4 969 1 1296 1512 t 10 I f (copy mode)1 430 1 2291 1512 t 10 R f ( beginning with)2 628(until the definition is terminated by a line)7 1665 2 2747 1512 t 10 C f (.)1296 1632 w 10 I f (yy)1356 1632 w 10 R f (, whereupon the macro)3 917 1 1444 1632 t 10 I f (yy)2387 1632 w 10 R f ( the absence of)3 598( In)1 134(is called.)1 356 3 2501 1632 t 10 I f (yy)3616 1632 w 10 R f (, the definition is terminated by a)6 1336 1 3704 1632 t (line beginning with ``)3 875 1 1296 1752 t 10 C f (..)2171 1752 w 10 R f ( may contain)2 518( macro)1 276(''. A)1 215 3 2291 1752 t 10 C f (de)3326 1752 w 10 R f (requests provided the terminating mac-)4 1568 1 3472 1752 t ( ``)1 131(ros differ or the contained definition terminator is concealed.)8 2551 2 1296 1872 t 10 C f (..)3978 1872 w 10 R f ( be concealed as)3 698('' can)1 244 2 4098 1872 t 10 C f (\\\\..)1296 1992 w 10 R f (which will copy as)3 752 1 1561 1992 t 10 C f (\\..)2338 1992 w 10 R f (and be reread as ``)4 735 1 2543 1992 t 10 C f (..)3278 1992 w 10 R f (''.)3398 1992 w 10 C f (.am)720 2148 w 10 I f (xx yy)1 201 1 925 2148 t 10 R f (-)1440 2148 w 10 I f (.yy=)2160 2148 w 10 C f (..)2341 2148 w 10 R f (-)2880 2148 w (Append to macro)2 693 1 1296 2304 t 10 I f (xx)2014 2304 w 10 R f (\(append version of)2 748 1 2127 2304 t 10 C f (de)2900 2304 w 10 R f (\).)3020 2304 w 10 C f (.ds)720 2460 w 10 I f (xx string)1 347 1 925 2460 t 10 R f ( -)1 448(- ignored)1 1025 2 1440 2460 t (Define a string)2 599 1 1296 2616 t 10 I f (xx)1923 2616 w 10 R f (containing)2039 2616 w 10 I f (string)2489 2616 w 10 R f ( initial double quote in)4 918(. Any)1 250 2 2723 2616 t 10 I f (string)3919 2616 w 10 R f (is stripped off to per-)4 859 1 4181 2616 t (mit initial blanks.)2 704 1 1296 2736 t 10 C f (.as)720 2892 w 10 I f (xx string)1 347 1 925 2892 t 10 R f ( -)1 448(- ignored)1 1025 2 1440 2892 t (Append)1296 3048 w 10 I f (string)1637 3048 w 10 R f (to string)1 331 1 1896 3048 t 10 I f (xx)2252 3048 w 10 R f (\(append version of)2 748 1 2365 3048 t 10 C f (ds)3138 3048 w 10 R f (\).)3258 3048 w 10 C f (.rm)720 3204 w 10 I f (xx)925 3204 w 10 R f ( -)1 448(- ignored)1 1025 2 1440 3204 t ( name)1 259( The)1 223(Remove request, macro, or string.)4 1428 3 1296 3360 t 10 I f (xx)3249 3360 w 10 R f (is removed from the name list and any)7 1660 1 3380 3360 t ( many macros)2 582( If)1 127( references will have no effect.)5 1288( Subsequent)1 523(related storage space is freed.)4 1224 5 1296 3480 t (and strings are being created dynamically, it may become necessary to remove unused ones)13 3744 1 1296 3600 t (to recapture internal storage space for newer registers.)7 2159 1 1296 3720 t 10 C f (.rn)720 3876 w 10 I f (xx yy)1 201 1 925 3876 t 10 R f ( -)1 448(- ignored)1 1025 2 1440 3876 t (Rename request, macro, or string)4 1325 1 1296 4032 t 10 I f (xx)2646 4032 w 10 R f (to)2759 4032 w 10 I f (yy)2862 4032 w 10 R f (. If)1 141 1 2950 4032 t 10 I f (yy)3116 4032 w 10 R f (exists, it is first removed.)4 1011 1 3229 4032 t 10 C f (.di)720 4188 w 10 I f (xx)925 4188 w 10 R f ( D)1 648(- end)1 864 2 1440 4188 t (Divert output to macro)3 928 1 1296 4344 t 10 I f (xx)2254 4344 w 10 R f ( during diversion except that page)5 1386( text processing occurs)3 927(. Normal)1 385 3 2342 4344 t ( diversion ends when the request)5 1316( The)1 207(offsetting is not done.)3 878 3 1296 4464 t 10 C f (di)3724 4464 w 10 R f (or)3871 4464 w 10 C f (da)3981 4464 w 10 R f (is encountered without)2 912 1 4128 4464 t ( should not appear when nested diversions are)7 1894(an argument; extraneous requests of this type)6 1850 2 1296 4584 t (being used.)1 455 1 1296 4704 t 10 C f (.da)720 4860 w 10 I f (xx)960 4860 w 10 R f ( D)1 648(- end)1 864 2 1440 4860 t (Divert, appending to macro)3 1098 1 1296 5016 t 10 I f (xx)2419 5016 w 10 R f (\(append version of)2 748 1 2532 5016 t 10 C f (di)3305 5016 w 10 R f (\).)3425 5016 w 10 C f (.wh)720 5172 w 10 I f (N xx)1 180 1 925 5172 t 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 1440 5172 t 10 B f (v)2880 5172 w 10 R f (Install a trap to invoke)4 927 1 1296 5328 t 10 I f (xx)2255 5328 w 10 R f (at page position)2 649 1 2376 5328 t 10 I f (N)3058 5328 w 10 R f (; a negative N will be interpreted as a distance)9 1915 1 3125 5328 t ( macro previously planted at)4 1145( Any)1 224(from the page bottom.)3 894 3 1296 5448 t 10 I f (N)3586 5448 w 10 R f (is replaced by)2 556 1 3680 5448 t 10 I f (xx)4262 5448 w 10 R f ( zero)1 197(. A)1 148 2 4350 5448 t 10 I f (N)4721 5448 w 10 R f (refers)4814 5448 w ( the absence of)3 595( In)1 133(to the top of a page.)5 793 3 1296 5568 t 10 I f (xx)2842 5568 w 10 R f (, the first trap found at)5 893 1 2930 5568 t 10 I f (N)3848 5568 w 10 R f (, if any, is removed.)4 796 1 3915 5568 t 10 C f (.ch)720 5724 w 10 I f (xx N)1 180 1 925 5724 t 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 1440 5724 t 10 B f (v)2880 5724 w 10 R f (Change the trap position for macro)5 1480 1 1296 5880 t 10 I f (xx)2818 5880 w 10 R f (to be)1 214 1 2948 5880 t 10 I f (N)3204 5880 w 10 R f ( the absence of)3 646(. In)1 175 2 3271 5880 t 10 I f (N)4134 5880 w 10 R f (, the trap, if any, is)5 839 1 4201 5880 t (removed.)1296 6000 w 10 C f (.dt)720 6156 w 10 I f (N xx)1 180 1 925 6156 t 10 R f ( D,)1 701(- off)1 836 2 1440 6156 t 10 B f (v)2977 6156 w 10 R f (Install a diversion trap at position)5 1341 1 1296 6312 t 10 I f (N)2663 6312 w 10 R f (in the)1 226 1 2756 6312 t 10 I f (current)3008 6312 w 10 R f (diversion to invoke macro)3 1049 1 3328 6312 t 10 I f (xx)4403 6312 w 10 R f (. Another)1 403 1 4491 6312 t 10 C f (dt)4920 6312 w 10 R f ( no arguments are given, the diversion trap is removed.)9 2199( If)1 116(will redefine the diversion trap.)4 1256 3 1296 6432 t 10 C f (.it)720 6588 w 10 I f (N xx)1 180 1 925 6588 t 10 R f ( E)1 665(- off)1 836 2 1440 6588 t (Set an input-line-count trap to invoke the macro)7 1945 1 1296 6744 t 10 I f (xx)3270 6744 w 10 R f (after)3387 6744 w 10 I f (N)3598 6744 w 10 R f (lines of)1 301 1 3694 6744 t 10 I f (text)4024 6744 w 10 R f (input have been read)3 843 1 4197 6744 t ( text may be inline text or text interpolated by)9 1928( The)1 216(\(control or request lines do not count\).)6 1600 3 1296 6864 t (inline or trap-invoked macros.)3 1209 1 1296 6984 t 10 C f (.em)720 7140 w 10 I f (xx)925 7140 w 10 R f (none none -)2 1473 1 1440 7140 t (The macro)1 448 1 1296 7296 t 10 I f (xx)1788 7296 w 10 R f ( effect is almost as if the)6 1096( The)1 225( ended.)1 308(will be invoked when all input has)6 1491 4 1920 7296 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 17 19 %%Page: 18 20 /saveobj save def mark 20 pagesetup 10 R f (- 18 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (contents of)1 448 1 1296 840 t 10 I f (xx)1776 840 w 10 R f ( processing ceases at the)4 999(had been at the end of the last file processed, but all)11 2145 2 1896 840 t (next page eject.)2 623 1 1296 960 t 10 B f ( Registers)1 418(8. Number)1 480 2 720 1200 t 10 R f ( user as predefined)3 762(A variety of parameters are available to the)7 1746 2 970 1356 t 10 I f (number registers)1 684 1 3507 1356 t 10 R f (\(see Summary, page)2 820 1 4220 1356 t ( names are one or two characters long and do)9 1812( Register)1 384( may define their own registers.)5 1269( addition, users)2 612(0\). In)1 243 5 720 1476 t ( for certain predefined read-only registers, a num-)7 2009( Except)1 330( or string names.)3 675(not conflict with request, macro,)4 1306 4 720 1596 t ( or decremented, and interpolated into the input)7 1918(ber register can be read, written, automatically incremented)7 2402 2 720 1716 t ( to automatically number sections,)4 1430( common use of user-defined registers is)6 1697( One)1 229(in a variety of formats.)4 964 4 720 1836 t ( or desired and)3 599( number register may be used any time numerical input is expected)11 2720( A)1 126(paragraphs, lines, etc.)2 875 4 720 1956 t (may be used in numerical)4 1026 1 720 2076 t 10 I f (expressions)1771 2076 w 10 R f (\(\2471.4\).)2262 2076 w ( created and modified using)4 1121(Number registers are)2 840 2 970 2232 t 10 C f (nr)2959 2232 w 10 R f (, which specifies the name, numerical value, and)7 1961 1 3079 2232 t ( If)1 126( are also modified, if accessed with an auto-incrementing sequence.)9 2786( Registers)1 432(the auto-increment size.)2 976 4 720 2352 t (the registers)1 492 1 720 2472 t 10 I f (x)1244 2472 w 10 R f (and)1320 2472 w 10 I f (xx)1496 2472 w 10 R f (both contain)1 504 1 1616 2472 t 10 I f (N)2153 2472 w 10 R f (and have the auto-increment size)4 1345 1 2253 2472 t 10 I f (M)3631 2472 w 10 R f (, the following access sequences)4 1326 1 3714 2472 t (have the effect shown:)3 900 1 720 2592 t 10 S f (_ ________________________________________)1 2019 1 1870 2672 t 10 R f ( Value)1 704(Effect on)1 368 2 2645 2792 t (Sequence Register Interpolated)2 1919 1 1920 2912 t 10 S f (_ ________________________________________)1 2019 1 1870 2932 t 10 C f (\\n)1920 3052 w 10 I f (x)2040 3052 w 10 R f (none)2732 3052 w 10 I f (N)3564 3052 w 10 C f (\\n\()1920 3172 w 10 I f (xx)2100 3172 w 10 R f (none)2732 3172 w 10 I f (N)3564 3172 w 10 C f (\\n+)1920 3292 w 10 I f (x x)1 346 1 2100 3292 t 10 R f (incremented by)1 618 1 2471 3292 t 10 I f (M N+M)1 593 1 3114 3292 t 10 C f (\\n\261)1920 3412 w 10 I f (x x)1 346 1 2100 3412 t 10 R f (decremented by)1 634 1 2471 3412 t 10 I f (M N\261M)1 568 1 3130 3412 t 10 C f (\\n+\()1920 3532 w 10 I f (xx xx)1 330 1 2160 3532 t 10 R f (incremented by)1 618 1 2515 3532 t 10 I f (M N+M)1 549 1 3158 3532 t 10 C f (\\n\261\()1920 3652 w 10 I f (xx xx)1 330 1 2160 3652 t 10 R f (decremented by)1 634 1 2515 3652 t 10 I f (M N\261M)1 524 1 3174 3652 t 10 S f ( \347)1 -2019(_ ________________________________________)1 2019 2 1870 3672 t (\347)1870 3572 w (\347)1870 3472 w (\347)1870 3372 w (\347)1870 3272 w (\347)1870 3172 w (\347)1870 3072 w (\347)1870 2972 w (\347)1870 2872 w (\347)1870 2772 w (\347)2352 3672 w (\347)2352 3572 w (\347)2352 3472 w (\347)2352 3372 w (\347)2352 3272 w (\347)2352 3172 w (\347)2352 3072 w (\347)2352 2972 w (\347)2352 2872 w (\347)2352 2772 w (\347)3307 3672 w (\347)3307 3572 w (\347)3307 3472 w (\347)3307 3372 w (\347)3307 3272 w (\347)3307 3172 w (\347)3307 3072 w (\347)3307 2972 w (\347)3307 2872 w (\347)3307 2772 w (\347)3889 3672 w (\347)3889 3572 w (\347)3889 3472 w (\347)3889 3372 w (\347)3889 3272 w (\347)3889 3172 w (\347)3889 3072 w (\347)3889 2972 w (\347)3889 2872 w (\347)3889 2772 w 10 R f ( decimal \(default\), decimal with leading zeros, lower-)7 2184(When interpolated, a number register is converted to)7 2136 2 720 3852 t (case Roman, upper-case Roman, lower-case sequential alphabetic, or upper-case sequential alphabetic)10 4320 1 720 3972 t (according to the format specified by)5 1444 1 720 4092 t 10 C f (af)2189 4092 w 10 R f (.)2309 4092 w 10 C f (.nr)720 4248 w 10 I f (R)925 4248 w 10 S f (\261)1011 4248 w 10 I f (N M)1 175 1 1066 4248 t 10 R f (-)2160 4248 w 10 B f (u)2880 4248 w 10 R f (The number register)2 829 1 1296 4404 t 10 I f (R)2160 4404 w 10 R f ( value)1 252(is assigned the)2 603 2 2256 4404 t 10 S f (\261)3147 4404 w 10 I f (N)3210 4404 w 10 R f (with respect to the previous value, if any.)7 1727 1 3313 4404 t (The increment for auto-incrementing is set to)6 1808 1 1296 4524 t 10 I f (M)3129 4524 w 10 R f (.)3212 4524 w 10 C f (.af)720 4680 w 10 I f (R c)1 130 1 925 4680 t 10 R f ( -)1 720(arabic -)1 753 2 1440 4680 t (Assign format)1 569 1 1296 4836 t 10 I f (c)1890 4836 w 10 R f (to register)1 402 1 1959 4836 t 10 I f (R)2386 4836 w 10 R f ( available formats are:)3 889(. The)1 230 2 2447 4836 t 10 S f (_ ____________________________________________)1 2202 1 2067 4916 t 10 R f (Numbering)3135 5036 w (Format Sequence)1 1436 1 2117 5156 t 10 S f (_ ____________________________________________)1 2202 1 2067 5176 t 10 C f (1)2231 5296 w 10 R f (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...)6 675 1 2506 5296 t 10 C f (001)2171 5416 w 10 R f (000, 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, ...)6 1275 1 2506 5416 t 10 C f (i)2231 5536 w 10 R f (0, i, ii, iii, iv, v, ...)6 721 1 2506 5536 t 10 C f (I)2231 5656 w 10 R f (0, I, II, III, IV, V, ...)6 800 1 2506 5656 t 10 C f (a)2231 5776 w 10 R f (0, a, b, c, ..., z, aa, ab, ..., zz, aaa, ...)11 1409 1 2506 5776 t 10 C f (A)2231 5896 w 10 R f (0, A, B, C, ..., Z, AA, AB, ..., ZZ, AAA, ...)11 1713 1 2506 5896 t 10 S f ( \347)1 -2202(_ ____________________________________________)1 2202 2 2067 5916 t (\347)2067 5816 w (\347)2067 5716 w (\347)2067 5616 w (\347)2067 5516 w (\347)2067 5416 w (\347)2067 5316 w (\347)2067 5216 w (\347)2067 5116 w (\347)2067 5016 w (\347)2456 5916 w (\347)2456 5816 w (\347)2456 5716 w (\347)2456 5616 w (\347)2456 5516 w (\347)2456 5416 w (\347)2456 5316 w (\347)2456 5216 w (\347)2456 5116 w (\347)2456 5016 w (\347)4269 5916 w (\347)4269 5816 w (\347)4269 5716 w (\347)4269 5616 w (\347)4269 5516 w (\347)4269 5416 w (\347)4269 5316 w (\347)4269 5216 w (\347)4269 5116 w (\347)4269 5016 w 10 R f (An arabic format having)3 990 1 1296 6096 t 10 I f (N)2316 6096 w 10 R f (digits specifies a field width of)5 1260 1 2413 6096 t 10 I f (N)3703 6096 w 10 R f ( The)1 210(digits \(example 2 above\).)3 1030 2 3800 6096 t ( width function)2 619(read-only registers and the)3 1076 2 1296 6216 t 10 CW f (\\w)3020 6216 w 10 R f ( the value)2 396( Warning:)1 431(\(\24711.2\) are always arabic.)3 1044 3 3169 6216 t ( non-arabic format is not numeric, and will not produce the expected)11 2761(of a number register in a)5 983 2 1296 6336 t (results in expressions.)2 880 1 1296 6456 t (The function)1 514 1 1296 6612 t 10 CW f (\\g)1836 6612 w 10 I f (x)1956 6612 w 10 R f (or)2026 6612 w 10 CW f (\\g\()2135 6612 w 10 I f (xx)2315 6612 w 10 R f (returns the format of a number register in a form suitable for)11 2436 1 2429 6612 t 10 CW f (af)4892 6612 w 10 R f (;)5012 6612 w (it returns nothing if the register has not been used.)9 2003 1 1296 6732 t 10 C f (.rr)720 6888 w 10 I f (R)925 6888 w 10 R f ( -)1 448(- ignored)1 1025 2 1440 6888 t (Remove number register)2 995 1 1296 7044 t 10 I f (R)2320 7044 w 10 R f ( being created dynamically, it may become)6 1746( many registers are)3 768(. If)1 145 3 2381 7044 t ( registers to recapture internal storage space for newer registers.)9 2601(necessary to remove unused)3 1143 2 1296 7164 t (The register)1 479 1 1296 7284 t 10 CW f (.R)1800 7284 w 10 R f (contains the number of number registers still available.)7 2197 1 1945 7284 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 18 20 %%Page: 19 21 /saveobj save def mark 21 pagesetup 10 R f (- 19 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 10 B f ( Leaders, and Fields)3 862(9. Tabs,)1 362 2 720 840 t 10 BI f ( and leaders.)2 531(9.1. Tabs)1 400 2 720 996 t 10 R f (The)1729 996 w 9 R f (ASCII)1912 996 w 10 R f ( the)1 151(horizontal tab character and)3 1119 2 2175 996 t 9 R f (ASCII SOH)1 442 1 3474 996 t 10 R f (\(control-A, hereafter called)2 1095 1 3945 996 t (the)720 1116 w 10 I f (leader)875 1116 w 10 R f ( or a string of repeated charac-)6 1259(character\) can both be used to generate either horizontal motion)9 2618 2 1163 1116 t ( length of the generated entity is governed by internal)9 2183(ters. The)1 379 2 720 1236 t 10 I f (tab stops)1 364 1 3312 1236 t 10 R f (specifiable with)1 640 1 3706 1236 t 10 C f (ta)4376 1236 w 10 R f ( default)1 308(. The)1 236 2 4496 1236 t (difference is that tabs generate motion and leaders generate a string of periods;)12 3190 1 720 1356 t 10 C f (tc)3939 1356 w 10 R f (and)4088 1356 w 10 C f (lc)4261 1356 w 10 R f (offer the choice)2 631 1 4409 1356 t ( are three types of internal tab stops\320)7 1550( There)1 286( or motion.)2 450(of repeated character)2 840 4 720 1476 t 10 I f (left)3846 1476 w 10 R f (adjusting,)4003 1476 w 10 I f (right)4424 1476 w 10 R f (adjusting,)4648 1476 w (and)720 1596 w 10 I f (centering)892 1596 w 10 R f ( the following table,)3 814(. In)1 161 2 1269 1596 t 10 I f (D)2272 1596 w 10 R f (is the distance from the current position on the)8 1883 1 2372 1596 t 10 I f (input)4283 1596 w 10 R f (line \(where a)2 524 1 4516 1596 t ( stop,)1 224(tab or leader was found\) to the next tab)8 1611 2 720 1716 t 10 I f (next-string)2587 1716 w 10 R f (consists of the input characters following the tab)7 1988 1 3052 1716 t (\(or leader\) up to the next tab \(or leader\) or end of line, and)13 2332 1 720 1836 t 10 I f (W)3077 1836 w 10 R f (is the width of)3 575 1 3185 1836 t 10 I f (next-string)3785 1836 w 10 R f (.)4218 1836 w 10 S f (_ __________________________________________________)1 2541 1 1609 1916 t 10 R f ( of)1 108( Location)1 760( of motion or)3 525(Tab Length)1 641 4 1761 2036 t ( characters)1 428(type repeated)1 724 2 1753 2156 t 10 I f (next-string)3347 2156 w 10 S f (_ __________________________________________________)1 2541 1 1609 2176 t 10 R f (Left)1756 2296 w 10 I f (D)2487 2296 w 10 R f (Following)3027 2296 w 10 I f (D)3464 2296 w 10 R f (Right)1727 2416 w 10 I f (D\261W)2420 2416 w 10 R f (Right adjusted within)2 862 1 3027 2416 t 10 I f (D)3914 2416 w 10 R f (Centered)1659 2536 w 10 I f (D\261W/)2381 2536 w 10 R f ( on right end of)4 616(2 Centered)1 773 2 2614 2536 t 10 I f (D)4028 2536 w 10 S f ( \347)1 -2541(_ __________________________________________________)1 2541 2 1609 2556 t (\347)1609 2516 w (\347)1609 2416 w (\347)1609 2316 w (\347)1609 2216 w (\347)1609 2116 w (\347)1609 2016 w (\347)2069 2556 w (\347)2069 2516 w (\347)2069 2416 w (\347)2069 2316 w (\347)2069 2216 w (\347)2069 2116 w (\347)2069 2016 w (\347)2977 2556 w (\347)2977 2516 w (\347)2977 2416 w (\347)2977 2316 w (\347)2977 2216 w (\347)2977 2116 w (\347)2977 2016 w (\347)4150 2556 w (\347)4150 2516 w (\347)4150 2416 w (\347)4150 2316 w (\347)4150 2216 w (\347)4150 2116 w (\347)4150 2016 w 10 R f ( cannot be.)2 445(The length of generated motion is allowed to be negative, but that of a repeated character string)16 3875 2 720 2736 t ( integer number of characters, and any residual distance is prepended)10 2806(Repeated character strings contain an)4 1514 2 720 2856 t ( as)1 110( or leaders found after the last tab stop are ignored, but may be used)14 2722( Tabs)1 245(as motion.)1 418 4 720 2976 t 10 I f (next-string)4242 2976 w 10 R f (termina-)4702 2976 w (tors.)720 3096 w ( are not interpreted in copy mode.)6 1368(Tabs and leaders)2 674 2 970 3252 t 10 C f (\\t)3065 3252 w 10 R f (and)3213 3252 w 10 C f (\\a)3385 3252 w 10 R f (always generate a non-interpreted tab)4 1507 1 3533 3252 t (and leader respectively, and are equivalent to actual tabs and leaders in copy mode.)13 3322 1 720 3372 t 10 BI f (9.2. Fields.)1 481 1 720 3528 t 10 R f (A)1285 3528 w 10 I f (field)1391 3528 w 10 R f ( a pair of)3 387(is contained between)2 855 2 1603 3528 t 10 I f (field delimiter)1 574 1 2880 3528 t 10 R f (characters, and consists of sub-strings)4 1551 1 3489 3528 t (separated by)1 506 1 720 3648 t 10 I f (padding)1256 3648 w 10 R f ( field length is the distance on the)7 1381( The)1 210(indicator characters.)1 813 3 1614 3648 t 10 I f (input)4048 3648 w 10 R f (line from the posi-)3 756 1 4284 3648 t ( length of all the sub-)5 922( difference between the total)4 1187( The)1 218(tion where the field begins to the next tab stop.)9 1993 4 720 3768 t ( is divided among the indicated)5 1272(strings and the field length is incorporated as horizontal padding space that)11 3048 2 720 3888 t ( example, if the field delimiter is)6 1337( For)1 194( incorporated padding is allowed to be negative.)7 1954( The)1 210(padding places.)1 625 5 720 4008 t 10 C f (#)720 4128 w 10 R f (and the padding indicator is)4 1114 1 806 4128 t 10 C f (\303)1946 4128 w 10 R f (,)2006 4128 w 10 C f (#\303)2057 4128 w 10 I f (xxx)2177 4128 w 10 C f (\303)2309 4128 w 10 I f (right)2369 4128 w 10 C f (#)2580 4128 w 10 R f ( right-adjusted string with the string)5 1436(specifies a)1 419 2 2666 4128 t 10 I f (xxx)4546 4128 w 10 R f (centered)4703 4128 w (in the remaining space.)3 926 1 720 4248 t 10 C f (.ta)720 4404 w 10 I f (Nt ...)1 195 1 925 4404 t 10 R f ( E,)1 612( none)1 533(0.8; 0.5in)1 381 3 1440 4404 t 10 B f (m)2966 4404 w 10 R f (Set tab stops and types.)4 972 1 1296 4560 t 10 I f (t=)2327 4560 w 10 C f (R)2423 4560 w 10 R f (, right adjusting;)2 677 1 2483 4560 t 10 I f (t=)3194 4560 w 10 C f (C)3290 4560 w 10 R f (, centering;)1 458 1 3350 4560 t 10 I f (t)3842 4560 w 10 R f (absent, left adjusting.)2 875 1 3904 4560 t 10 I f (Troff)4839 4560 w 10 R f (tab stops are preset every 0.5in.,)5 1316 1 1296 4680 t 10 I f (nroff)2642 4680 w 10 R f ( stop values are separated by spaces,)6 1484( The)1 210(every 0.8in.)1 479 3 2867 4680 t (and a value preceded by)4 963 1 1296 4800 t 10 C f (+)2284 4800 w 10 R f (is treated as an increment to the previous stop value.)9 2091 1 2369 4800 t 10 C f (.tc)720 4956 w 10 I f (c)925 4956 w 10 R f (none none E)2 1501 1 1440 4956 t (The tab repetition character becomes)4 1473 1 1296 5112 t 10 I f (c)2794 5112 w 10 R f (, or is removed, thus specifying motion.)6 1591 1 2838 5112 t 10 C f (.lc)720 5268 w 10 I f (c)925 5268 w 10 C f (.)1440 5268 w 10 R f (none E)1 781 1 2160 5268 t (The leader repetition character becomes)4 1594 1 1296 5424 t 10 I f (c)2915 5424 w 10 R f (, or is removed, thus specifying motion.)6 1591 1 2959 5424 t 10 C f (.fc)720 5580 w 10 I f (a b)1 125 1 925 5580 t 10 R f (off off -)2 1473 1 1440 5580 t (The field delimiter is set to)5 1125 1 1296 5736 t 10 I f (a)2455 5736 w 10 R f ( space character or to)4 886(; the padding indicator is set to the)7 1443 2 2505 5736 t 10 I f (b)4869 5736 w 10 R f (, if)1 121 1 4919 5736 t ( the absence of arguments the field mechanism is turned off.)10 2409(given. In)1 380 2 1296 5856 t 10 B f ( and Output Conventions and Character Translations)6 2297(10. Input)1 415 2 720 6096 t 10 BI f ( character translations.)2 964(10.1. Input)1 479 2 720 6252 t 10 R f ( The)1 207(Ways of inputting the valid character set were discussed in \2472.1.)10 2593 2 2240 6252 t 9 R f (ASCII)720 6372 w 10 R f (control characters horizontal tab \(\2479.1\),)4 1599 1 986 6372 t 9 R f (SOH)2613 6372 w 10 R f (\(\2479.1\), and backspace \(\24710.3\) are discussed elsewhere.)6 2217 1 2823 6372 t ( addition,)1 389( In)1 144( lines.)1 250(The newline delimits input)3 1105 4 720 6492 t 9 R f (STX)2642 6492 w 10 R f (,)2812 6492 w 9 R f (ETX)2873 6492 w 10 R f (,)3048 6492 w 9 R f (ENQ)3109 6492 w 10 R f (,)3294 6492 w 9 R f (ACK)3355 6492 w 10 R f (, and)1 205 1 3545 6492 t 9 R f (BEL)3786 6492 w 10 R f (are accepted, and may be)4 1048 1 3992 6492 t (used as delimiters or translated into a graphic with)8 2014 1 720 6612 t 10 C f (tr)2759 6612 w 10 R f ( others are ignored.)3 770(\(\24710.5\). All)1 494 2 2904 6612 t (The)970 6768 w 10 I f (escape)1161 6768 w 10 R f (character)1468 6768 w 10 C f (\\)1868 6768 w 10 R f (introduces)1964 6768 w 10 I f (escape sequences)1 711 1 2416 6768 t 10 R f ( to mean)2 368(, which cause the following character)5 1545 2 3127 6768 t ( such sequences is given in the Summary)7 1647( complete list of)3 653( A)1 124(another character, or to indicate some function.)6 1896 4 720 6888 t ( escape character)2 705( The)1 218(on page -1.)2 472 3 720 7008 t 10 C f (\\)2153 7008 w 10 R f ( confused with the)3 777(should not be)2 565 2 2251 7008 t 9 R f (ASCII)3632 7008 w 10 R f (control character)1 686 1 3906 7008 t 9 R f (ESC)4631 7008 w 10 R f (. The)1 244 1 4796 7008 t (escape character)1 660 1 720 7128 t 10 C f (\\)1411 7128 w 10 R f (can be input with the sequence)5 1253 1 1502 7128 t 10 C f (\\\\)2785 7128 w 10 R f ( escape character can be changed with)6 1551(. The)1 235 2 2905 7128 t 10 C f (ec)4721 7128 w 10 R f (, and)1 199 1 4841 7128 t (all that has been said about the default)7 1598 1 720 7248 t 10 C f (\\)2353 7248 w 10 R f ( escape character.)2 726(becomes true for the new)4 1048 2 2448 7248 t 10 C f (\\e)4283 7248 w 10 R f (can be used to)3 601 1 4439 7248 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 19 21 %%Page: 20 22 /saveobj save def mark 22 pagesetup 10 R f (- 20 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t ( with)1 217( escape mechanism may be turned off)6 1597( The)1 220(print whatever the current escape character is.)6 1919 4 720 840 t 10 C f (eo)4712 840 w 10 R f (, and)1 208 1 4832 840 t (restored with)1 524 1 720 960 t 10 C f (ec)1269 960 w 10 R f (.)1389 960 w 10 C f (.ec)720 1116 w 10 I f (c)925 1116 w 10 C f (\\ \\)1 780 1 1440 1116 t 10 R f (-)2880 1116 w (Set escape character to)3 910 1 1296 1272 t 10 C f (\\)2231 1272 w 10 R f (, or to)2 236 1 2291 1272 t 10 I f (c)2552 1272 w 10 R f (, if given.)2 383 1 2596 1272 t 10 C f (.eo)720 1428 w 10 R f ( -)1 720(on -)1 753 2 1440 1428 t (Turn escape mechanism off.)3 1130 1 1296 1584 t 10 BI f (10.2. Ligatures.)1 670 1 720 1740 t 10 R f ( \257,)1 112(The set of available ligatures is device and font dependent, but is often a subset of \256,)16 3458 2 1470 1740 t 10 S1 f ()720 1860 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_ff { pop size .05 mul neg 0 (ff) ashow } def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 S1 f 720 1860 m 60 build_ff 780 1860 m 10 R f (,)780 1860 w 10 S1 f ()843 1860 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_Fi { pop size .05 mul neg 0 (ffi) ashow } def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 S1 f 843 1860 m 84 build_Fi 927 1860 m 10 R f (, and)1 207 1 927 1860 t 10 S1 f ()1172 1860 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_Fl { pop size .05 mul neg 0 (ffl) ashow } def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 S1 f 1172 1860 m 84 build_Fl 1256 1860 m 10 R f ( input by)2 380( may be)2 342(. They)1 293 3 1256 1860 t 10 C f (\\\(fi)2308 1860 w 10 R f (,)2548 1860 w 10 C f (\\\(fl)2610 1860 w 10 R f (,)2850 1860 w 10 C f (\\\(ff)2912 1860 w 10 R f (,)3152 1860 w 10 C f (\\\(Fi)3214 1860 w 10 R f (, and)1 206 1 3454 1860 t 10 C f (\\\(Fl)3697 1860 w 10 R f ( ligature)1 342(respectively. The)1 724 2 3974 1860 t (mode is normally on in)4 928 1 720 1980 t 10 I f (troff)1673 1980 w 10 R f (, and automatically invokes ligatures during input.)6 2010 1 1846 1980 t 10 C f (.lg)720 2136 w 10 I f (N)925 2136 w 10 R f ( -)1 653( on)1 551(on; off)1 269 3 1440 2136 t (Ligature mode is turned on if)5 1188 1 1296 2292 t 10 I f (N)2513 2292 w 10 R f ( non-zero, and turned off if)5 1105(is absent or)2 463 2 2609 2292 t 10 I f (N)4207 2292 w 10 S f (=)4298 2292 w 10 R f (0. If)1 196 1 4369 2292 t 10 I f (N)4595 2292 w 10 S f (=)4686 2292 w 10 R f (2, only)1 283 1 4757 2292 t ( is inhibited for request,)4 952( mode)1 248( Ligature)1 389(the two-character ligatures are automatically invoked.)5 2155 4 1296 2412 t ( effect in)2 354( No)1 172(macro, string, register, or \256le names, and in copy mode.)9 2230 3 1296 2532 t 10 I f (nroff)4077 2532 w 10 R f (.)4272 2532 w 10 BI f ( underlining, overstriking, etc.)3 1252(10.3. Backspacing,)1 803 2 720 2688 t 10 R f (Unless in copy mode, the)4 1013 1 2850 2688 t 9 R f (ASCII)3888 2688 w 10 R f (backspace character is)2 892 1 4148 2688 t ( as a form)3 414( Underlining)1 539( a backward horizontal motion having the width of the space character.)11 2898(replaced by)1 469 4 720 2808 t ( generalized overstriking function is described in \24712.1.)7 2227( A)1 122(of line-drawing is discussed in \24712.4.)5 1496 3 720 2928 t 10 I f (Nroff)970 3084 w 10 R f (automatically underlines characters in the)4 1675 1 1210 3084 t 10 I f (underline)2913 3084 w 10 R f (font, speci\256able with)2 847 1 3324 3084 t 10 C f (uf)4199 3084 w 10 R f ( on)1 129(, normally that)2 592 2 4319 3084 t ( addition to)2 460( In)1 135(font position 2.)2 613 3 720 3204 t 10 C f (ft)1955 3204 w 10 R f (and)2102 3204 w 10 CW f (\\f)2273 3204 w 10 I f (F)2393 3204 w 10 R f (, the underline font may be selected by)7 1561 1 2454 3204 t 10 C f (ul)4042 3204 w 10 R f (and)4189 3204 w 10 C f (cu)4360 3204 w 10 R f (. Underlining)1 560 1 4480 3204 t (is restricted to an output-device-dependent subset of reasonable characters.)8 2989 1 720 3324 t 10 C f (.ul)720 3480 w 10 I f (N)925 3480 w 10 R f (off)1440 3480 w 10 I f (N)2160 3480 w 10 S f (=)2251 3480 w 10 R f (1 E)1 619 1 2322 3480 t (Italicize in)1 426 1 1296 3636 t 10 I f (troff)1749 3636 w 10 R f (\(underline in)1 515 1 1949 3636 t 10 I f (nroff)2491 3636 w 10 R f (\) the next)2 383 1 2686 3636 t 10 I f (N)3097 3636 w 10 R f ( switch to underline)3 800( Actually,)1 422(input text lines.)2 626 3 3192 3636 t ( changes within the span of a)6 1189(font, saving the current font for later restoration; other font)9 2405 2 1296 3756 t 10 C f (ul)4920 3756 w 10 R f ( generated by)2 547( Output)1 333( undo the last change.)4 888(will take effect, but the restoration will)6 1580 4 1296 3876 t 10 C f (tl)4674 3876 w 10 R f (\(\24714\))4824 3876 w (is affected by the font change, but does not decrement)9 2174 1 1296 3996 t 10 I f (N)3497 3996 w 10 R f (. If)1 143 1 3564 3996 t 10 I f (N)3734 3996 w 10 S f (>)3825 3996 w 10 R f (1, there is the risk that a trap)7 1144 1 3896 3996 t ( pre-)1 196(interpolated macro may provide text lines within the span; environment switching can)11 3548 2 1296 4116 t (vent this.)1 367 1 1296 4236 t 10 C f (.cu)720 4392 w 10 I f (N)925 4392 w 10 R f (off)1440 4392 w 10 I f (N)2160 4392 w 10 S f (=)2251 4392 w 10 R f (1 E)1 619 1 2322 4392 t ( of)1 113( variant)1 306( A)1 126(Continuous underline.)1 893 4 1296 4548 t 10 C f (ul)2764 4548 w 10 R f (that causes)1 440 1 2914 4548 t 10 I f (every)3384 4548 w 10 R f (character to be underlined in)4 1161 1 3629 4548 t 10 I f (nroff)4820 4548 w 10 R f (.)5015 4548 w (Identical to)1 452 1 1296 4668 t 10 C f (ul)1773 4668 w 10 R f (in)1918 4668 w 10 I f (troff)2021 4668 w 10 R f (.)2194 4668 w 10 C f (.uf)720 4824 w 10 I f (F)925 4824 w 10 R f (Italic Italic -)2 1473 1 1440 4824 t (Underline font set to)3 824 1 1296 4980 t 10 I f (F)2145 4980 w 10 R f (. In)1 158 1 2206 4980 t 10 I f (nroff)2389 4980 w 10 R f (,)2584 4980 w 10 I f (F)2634 4980 w 10 R f (may not be on position 1.)5 1017 1 2720 4980 t 10 BI f ( characters.)1 502(10.4. Control)1 568 2 720 5136 t 10 R f (Both the control character)3 1096 1 1884 5136 t 10 C f (.)3024 5136 w 10 R f (and the)1 310 1 3128 5136 t 10 I f (no-break)3482 5136 w 10 R f (control character)1 692 1 3887 5136 t 10 C f (')4624 5136 w 10 R f (may be)1 311 1 4729 5136 t ( used in the span of the change,)7 1267( a change must be compatible with the design of any macros)11 2443(changed. Such)1 610 3 720 5256 t (and particularly of any trap-invoked macros.)5 1779 1 720 5376 t 10 C f (.cc)720 5532 w 10 I f (c)925 5532 w 10 C f (. .)1 780 1 1440 5532 t 10 R f (E)2880 5532 w (The basic control character is set to)6 1413 1 1296 5688 t 10 I f (c)2734 5688 w 10 R f (, or reset to ``)4 540 1 2778 5688 t 10 C f (.)3318 5688 w 10 R f (''.)3378 5688 w 10 C f (.c2)720 5844 w 10 I f (c)925 5844 w 10 C f (' ')1 780 1 1440 5844 t 10 R f (E)2880 5844 w (The)1296 6000 w 10 I f (no-break)1476 6000 w 10 R f (control character is set to)4 1003 1 1861 6000 t 10 I f (c)2889 6000 w 10 R f (, or reset to ``)4 540 1 2933 6000 t 10 C f (')3473 6000 w 10 R f (''.)3533 6000 w 10 BI f ( translation.)1 508(10.5. Output)1 540 2 720 6156 t 10 R f (One character can be made a stand-in for another character using)10 2650 1 1849 6156 t 10 C f (tr)4530 6156 w 10 R f ( text)1 181(. All)1 209 2 4650 6156 t ( character which appears to)4 1138(processing \(e.g., character comparisons\) takes place with the input \(stand-in\))9 3182 2 720 6276 t ( \(including)1 448( graphic translation occurs at the moment of output)8 2130( The)1 216(have the width of the \256nal character.)6 1526 4 720 6396 t (diversion\).)720 6516 w 10 C f (.tr)720 6672 w 10 I f (abcd....)925 6672 w 10 R f ( O)1 759(none -)1 753 2 1440 6672 t (Translate)1296 6828 w 10 I f (a)1696 6828 w 10 R f (into)1775 6828 w 10 I f (b)1960 6828 w 10 R f (,)2010 6828 w 10 I f (c)2064 6828 w 10 R f (into)2137 6828 w 10 I f (d)2322 6828 w 10 R f ( be)1 124( an odd number of characters is given, the last one will)11 2229( If)1 120(, etc.)1 195 4 2372 6828 t ( effect)1 252( be consistent, a particular translation must stay in)8 2017( To)1 163(mapped into the space character.)4 1312 4 1296 6948 t (from)1296 7068 w 10 I f (input)1515 7068 w 10 R f (to)1746 7068 w 10 I f (output)1849 7068 w 10 R f (time.)2130 7068 w 10 BI f ( throughput.)1 519(10.6. Transparent)1 762 2 720 7224 t 10 R f (An input line beginning with a)5 1225 1 2076 7224 t 10 C f (\\!)3326 7224 w 10 R f ( copy mode and)3 638(is read in)2 366 2 3471 7224 t 10 I f (transparently)4501 7224 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 20 22 %%Page: 21 23 /saveobj save def mark 23 pagesetup 10 R f (- 21 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (output \(without the initial)3 1035 1 720 840 t 10 C f (\\!)1783 840 w 10 R f ( mecha-)1 320( This)1 230(\); the text processor is otherwise unaware of the line's presence.)10 2587 3 1903 840 t ( a post-processor or to embed control lines in a macro cre-)11 2369(nism may be used to pass control information to)8 1951 2 720 960 t (ated by a diversion.)3 782 1 720 1080 t 10 BI f ( output)1 296(10.7. Transparent)1 762 2 720 1236 t 10 R f (The sequence)1 548 1 1856 1236 t 10 CW f (\\X')2433 1236 w 10 I f (anything)2613 1236 w 10 CW f (')2963 1236 w 10 R f (copies)3052 1236 w 10 I f (anything)3336 1236 w 10 R f (to the output, as a device control)6 1325 1 3715 1236 t (function of the form)3 807 1 720 1356 t 10 CW f (x X)1 145 1 1552 1356 t 10 I f (anything)1722 1356 w 10 R f ( sequences in)2 532(\(\24722\). Escape)1 573 2 2097 1356 t 10 I f (anything)3227 1356 w 10 R f (are processed.)1 564 1 3602 1356 t 10 BI f ( and concealed newlines.)3 1034(10.8. Comments)1 690 2 720 1512 t 10 R f ( one line \(e.g.,)3 580(An uncomfortably long input line that must stay)7 1939 2 2521 1512 t ( with)1 203(a string de\256nition, or no\256lled text\) can be split into several physical lines by ending all but the last one)19 4117 2 720 1632 t (the escape)1 415 1 720 1752 t 10 C f (\\)1163 1752 w 10 R f ( sequence)1 393(. The)1 233 2 1223 1752 t 10 C f (\\)1877 1752 w 10 I f (newline)1937 1752 w 10 R f ( may be embed-)3 652( Comments)1 488( in a comment.)3 606(is always ignored, except)3 1018 4 2276 1752 t (ded at the end of any line by prefacing them with)10 1983 1 720 1872 t 10 C f (\\")2730 1872 w 10 R f ( be con-)2 323( newline at the end of a comment cannot)8 1635(. The)1 232 3 2850 1872 t ( line beginning with)3 806(cealed. A)1 402 2 720 1992 t 10 C f (\\")1954 1992 w 10 R f (will appear as a blank line and behave like)8 1704 1 2100 1992 t 10 CW f (.sp 1)1 300 1 3830 1992 t 10 R f ( comment can be on)4 812(; a)1 98 2 4130 1992 t (a line by itself by beginning the line with)8 1644 1 720 2112 t 10 C f (.\\")2389 2112 w 10 R f (.)2569 2112 w 10 B f ( Horizontal and Vertical Motions, and the Width Function)8 2493(11. Local)1 414 2 720 2352 t 10 BI f ( Motions.)1 404(11.1. Local)1 483 2 720 2508 t 10 R f (The functions)1 567 1 1696 2508 t 10 C f (\\v')2303 2508 w 10 I f (N)2483 2508 w 10 C f (')2550 2508 w 10 R f (and)2650 2508 w 10 C f (\\h')2834 2508 w 10 I f (N)3014 2508 w 10 C f (')3081 2508 w 10 R f (can be used for)3 651 1 3181 2508 t 10 I f (local)3872 2508 w 10 R f (vertical and horizontal)2 928 1 4112 2508 t ( distance)1 355( The)1 208(motion respectively.)1 819 3 720 2628 t 10 I f (N)2130 2628 w 10 R f ( downward.)1 473(may be negative; the positive directions are rightward and)8 2342 2 2225 2628 t ( avoid unexpected vertical dislocations, it is necessary)7 2240( To)1 172( contained within a line.)4 1007(A local motion is one)4 901 4 720 2748 t ( motion within a word in \256lled text and otherwise within a line balance to zero.)15 3293(that the net vertical local)4 1027 2 720 2868 t ( and certain other escape sequences providing local motion are summarized in the following)13 3887(The above)1 433 2 720 2988 t (table.)720 3108 w 10 S f (_ __________________________________________________________________________)1 3722 1 1019 3188 t 10 R f ( in)1 103( Effect)1 811( Horizontal)1 947( in)1 103(Vertical Effect)1 1137 5 1182 3308 t (Local Motion)1 547 1 1069 3428 t 10 I f (troff nroff)1 767 1 1864 3428 t 10 R f (Local Motion)1 547 1 2882 3428 t 10 I f (troff nroff)1 815 1 3728 3428 t 10 S f (_ __________________________________________________________________________)1 3722 1 1019 3448 t 10 C f (\\v')1249 3616 w 10 I f (N)1429 3616 w 10 C f (')1512 3616 w 10 R f (Move distance)1 585 1 1716 3616 t 10 I f (N)2326 3616 w 10 C f (\\h')3062 3616 w 10 I f (N)3242 3616 w 10 C f (')3325 3616 w 10 R f (Move distance)1 585 1 3529 3616 t 10 I f (N)4139 3616 w 10 S f (_ ____________________________________)1 1803 1 1019 3686 t 10 C f (\\)3062 3736 w 10 I f (space)3122 3736 w 10 R f (Unpaddable space-size space)2 1162 1 3529 3736 t 10 C f (\\u)1249 3856 w 10 S1 f ()1716 3856 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_12 { pop /optsize ptsize def /osize size def /ofont font def optsize 2 div dup R exch R f 0 size 2 mul 3 div dup neg exch 0 exch rmoveto (1) show rmoveto optsize R f (\244) show f (2) show optsize ofont f } def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 S1 f 1716 3856 m 75 build_12 1791 3856 m 10 R f (em up)1 247 1 1816 3856 t 10 S1 f ()2285 3856 w 2285 3856 m 75 build_12 2360 3856 m 10 R f (line up)1 275 1 2385 3856 t 10 C f (\\0)3062 3856 w 10 R f (Digit-size space)1 640 1 3529 3856 t 10 C f (\\d)1249 3976 w 10 S1 f ()1716 3976 w 1716 3976 m 75 build_12 1791 3976 m 10 R f (em down)1 369 1 1816 3976 t 10 S1 f ()2285 3976 w 2285 3976 m 75 build_12 2360 3976 m 10 R f (line down)1 397 1 2385 3976 t 10 S f (______________________________________)2842 3926 w 10 C f (\\r)1249 4096 w 10 R f ( line up)2 300( 1)1 297(1 em up)2 322 3 1716 4096 t 10 C f (\\|)3062 4096 w 10 R f ( ignored)1 455(1/6 em space)2 521 2 3529 4096 t 10 C f (\\\303)3062 4216 w 10 R f ( ignored)1 405(1/12 em space)2 571 2 3529 4216 t 10 S f ( \347)1 -3722(_ __________________________________________________________________________)1 3722 2 1019 4284 t (\347)1019 4188 w (\347)1019 4088 w (\347)1019 3988 w (\347)1019 3888 w (\347)1019 3788 w (\347)1019 3688 w (\347)1019 3588 w (\347)1019 3488 w (\347)1019 3388 w (\347)1019 3288 w (\347)1666 4284 w (\347)1666 4188 w (\347)1666 4088 w (\347)1666 3988 w (\347)1666 3888 w (\347)1666 3788 w (\347)1666 3688 w (\347)1666 3588 w (\347)1666 3488 w (\347)1666 3388 w (\347)1666 3288 w (\347)2235 4284 w (\347)2235 4186 w (\347)2235 4086 w (\347)2235 3986 w (\347)2235 3886 w (\347)2235 3786 w (\347)2822 4284 w (\347)2822 4188 w (\347)2822 4088 w (\347)2822 3988 w (\347)2822 3888 w (\347)2822 3788 w (\347)2822 3688 w (\347)2822 3588 w (\347)2822 3488 w (\347)2822 3388 w (\347)2822 3288 w (\347)2842 4284 w (\347)2842 4188 w (\347)2842 4088 w (\347)2842 3988 w (\347)2842 3888 w (\347)2842 3788 w (\347)2842 3688 w (\347)2842 3588 w (\347)2842 3488 w (\347)2842 3388 w (\347)2842 3288 w (\347)3479 4284 w (\347)3479 4188 w (\347)3479 4088 w (\347)3479 3988 w (\347)3479 3888 w (\347)3479 3788 w (\347)3479 3688 w (\347)3479 3588 w (\347)3479 3488 w (\347)3479 3388 w (\347)3479 3288 w (\347)4150 4284 w (\347)4150 4226 w (\347)4150 4126 w (\347)4150 4026 w (\347)4741 4284 w (\347)4741 4188 w (\347)4741 4088 w (\347)4741 3988 w (\347)4741 3888 w (\347)4741 3788 w (\347)4741 3688 w (\347)4741 3588 w (\347)4741 3488 w (\347)4741 3388 w (\347)4741 3288 w 10 R f (As an example,)2 632 1 720 4464 t 10 C f (E)1384 4464 w 8 C f (2)1444 4432 w 10 R f (could be generated by the sequence)5 1450 1 1524 4464 t 10 C f (E\\s\2612\\v'\2610.4m'2\\v'0.4m'\\s+2)3006 4464 w 10 R f (; note that)2 414 1 4626 4464 t (the 0.4 em vertical motions are at the smaller size.)9 2005 1 720 4584 t 10 BI f ( Function.)1 442(11.2. Width)1 501 2 720 4740 t 10 R f (The)1745 4740 w 10 I f (width)1932 4740 w 10 R f (function)2187 4740 w 10 C f (\\w')2552 4740 w 10 I f (string)2732 4740 w 10 C f (')2966 4740 w 10 R f (generates the numerical width of)4 1336 1 3058 4740 t 10 I f (string)4426 4740 w 10 R f (\(in basic)1 348 1 4692 4740 t ( changes may be embedded in)5 1215( and font)2 363(units\). Size)1 479 3 720 4860 t 10 I f (string)2805 4860 w 10 R f ( For)1 192(, and will not affect the current environment.)7 1809 2 3039 4860 t (example,)720 4980 w 10 C f (.ti \261\\w'\\fB1. 'u)2 960 1 1113 4980 t 10 R f ( to temporarily indent leftward a distance equal to the size)10 2378(could be used)2 559 2 2103 4980 t (of the string ``)3 574 1 720 5100 t 10 C f (1.)1294 5100 w 10 R f ('' in font)2 355 1 1474 5100 t 10 CW f (B)1854 5100 w 10 R f (.)1914 5100 w ( registers)1 368( The)1 210(The width function also sets three number registers.)7 2104 3 970 5256 t 10 C f (st)3682 5256 w 10 R f (and)3832 5256 w 10 C f (sb)4006 5256 w 10 R f ( respectively to)2 622(are set)1 262 2 4156 5256 t (the highest and lowest extent of)5 1328 1 720 5376 t 10 I f (string)2085 5376 w 10 R f ( then, for example, the total height of the)8 1719(relative to the baseline;)3 965 2 2356 5376 t (string is)1 321 1 720 5496 t 10 C f (\\n\(stu\261\\n\(sbu)1067 5496 w 10 R f (. In)1 159 1 1847 5496 t 10 I f (troff)2032 5496 w 10 R f (the number register)2 778 1 2231 5496 t 10 C f (ct)3035 5496 w 10 R f ( value 0)2 320( The)1 207( to a value between 0 and 3.)7 1128(is set)1 204 4 3181 5496 t (means that all of the characters in)6 1407 1 720 5616 t 10 I f (string)2163 5616 w 10 R f ( lower case characters without descenders \(like)6 1937(were short)1 429 2 2433 5616 t 10 C f (e)4834 5616 w 10 R f (\); 1)1 146 1 4894 5616 t (means that at least one character has a descender \(like)9 2160 1 720 5736 t 10 C f (y)2906 5736 w 10 R f ( means that at least one character is tall \(like)9 1789(\); 2)1 137 2 2966 5736 t 10 C f (H)4919 5736 w 10 R f (\);)4979 5736 w (and 3 means that both tall characters and characters with descenders are present.)12 3204 1 720 5856 t 10 BI f ( place.)1 271( horizontal)1 453(11.3. Mark)1 478 3 720 6012 t 10 R f (The function)1 518 1 2002 6012 t 10 C f (\\k)2550 6012 w 10 I f (x)2670 6012 w 10 R f (causes the current horizontal position in the)6 1772 1 2744 6012 t 10 I f (input line)1 386 1 4546 6012 t 10 R f (to)4962 6012 w ( in register)2 431(be stored)1 366 2 720 6132 t 10 I f (x)1544 6132 w 10 R f ( example, the construction)3 1060(. For)1 216 2 1588 6132 t 10 C f (\\kx)2891 6132 w 10 I f (word)3071 6132 w 10 C f (\\h'|\\nxu+3u')3277 6132 w 10 I f (word)3997 6132 w 10 R f (will embolden)1 577 1 4230 6132 t 10 I f (word)4834 6132 w 10 R f (by backing up to almost its beginning and overprinting it, resulting in)11 2778 1 720 6252 t 10 I f (word word)1 209 1 3523 6252 t 10 R f (.)3732 6252 w 10 B f ( Bracket, Line-drawing, Graphics, and Zero-width Functions)6 2610(12. Overstrike,)1 660 2 720 6492 t 10 BI f (12.1. Overstriking.)1 792 1 720 6648 t 10 R f ( characters is provided by the)5 1202(Automatically centered overstriking of up to nine)6 2005 2 1592 6648 t 10 I f (over-)4830 6648 w (strike)720 6768 w 10 R f (function)969 6768 w 10 C f (\\o')1329 6768 w 10 I f (string)1509 6768 w 10 C f (')1759 6768 w 10 R f ( characters in)2 535(. The)1 232 2 1819 6768 t 10 I f (string)2613 6768 w 10 R f (are overprinted with centers aligned; the total width is)8 2166 1 2874 6768 t (that of the widest character.)4 1145 1 720 6888 t 10 I f (string)1926 6888 w 10 R f ( examples,)1 438( As)1 172(may not contain local vertical motion.)5 1576 3 2196 6888 t 10 C f (\\o'e\\'')4418 6888 w 10 R f (pro-)4874 6888 w ( and)1 169( ,)1 31( \302)1 -5(duces e)1 296 4 720 7008 t 10 C f (\\o'\\\(mo\\\(sl')1236 7008 w 10 R f (produces)1981 7008 w 10 S f (\316 /)1 50 1 2366 7008 t 10 R f (.)2437 7008 w 10 BI f ( characters.)1 488(12.2. Zero-width)1 706 2 720 7164 t 10 R f (The function)1 518 1 1994 7164 t 10 CW f (\\z)2542 7164 w 10 I f (c)2662 7164 w 10 R f (will output)1 443 1 2737 7164 t 10 I f (c)3211 7164 w 10 R f (without spacing over it, and can be used to)8 1754 1 3286 7164 t ( examples,)1 474( As)1 208(produce left-aligned overstruck combinations.)3 1982 3 720 7284 t 10 C f (\\z\\\(ci\\\(pl)3455 7284 w 10 R f (will produce)1 548 1 4126 7284 t 10 S1 f ()4745 7284 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_ci { pop size 3 mul 8 div /rad exch def currentpoint newpath rad add exch rad add exch rad 0 360 arc stroke } def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 S1 f 4745 7284 m 75 build_ci 4820 7284 m 10 S f (+)4745 7284 w 10 R f (, and)1 240 1 4800 7284 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 21 23 %%Page: 22 24 /saveobj save def mark 24 pagesetup 10 R f (- 22 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 10 C f (\\\(br\\z\\\(rn\\\(ul\\\(br)720 840 w 10 R f (will produce a small constructed box)5 1473 1 1825 840 t 10 S f (\347` _\347)1 50 1 3323 840 t 10 R f (.)3389 840 w 10 BI f ( Brackets.)1 441(12.3. Large)1 494 2 720 996 t 10 R f ( contains a number of bracket construction pieces)7 2193(The Special Font usually)3 1087 2 1760 996 t 10 S f (\354 \356 \374 \376 \355 \375 \357 \353 \373 \351 \371)10 839 1 752 1116 t 10 R f ( function)1 362( The)1 209(that can be combined into various bracket styles.)7 1975 3 1652 1116 t 10 C f (\\b')4227 1116 w 10 I f (string)4407 1116 w 10 C f (')4657 1116 w 10 R f (may be)1 294 1 4746 1116 t (used to pile up vertically the characters in)7 1708 1 720 1236 t 10 I f (string)2459 1236 w 10 R f ( the last at the bottom\); the)6 1114(\(the \256rst character on top and)5 1202 2 2724 1236 t ( above the current baseline)4 1089(characters are vertically separated by 1 em and the total pile is centered 1/2 em)14 3231 2 720 1356 t (\()720 1476 w 10 S1 f ()753 1476 w 753 1476 m 75 build_12 828 1476 m 10 R f (line in)1 253 1 853 1476 t 10 I f (nroff)1131 1476 w 10 R f ( example,)1 388(\). For)1 247 2 1326 1476 t 9 CW f (\\b'\\\(lc\\\(lf'E\\b'\\\(rc\\\(rf'\\x'\2610.5m'\\x'0.5m')1008 1646 w 10 R f (produces)720 1876 w 10 S f (\351)1105 1826 w (\353)1105 1926 w 10 R f (E)1155 1876 w 10 S f (\371)1216 1826 w (\373)1216 1926 w 10 R f (.)1254 1876 w 10 BI f ( drawing.)1 391(12.4. Line)1 439 2 720 2082 t 10 R f (The function)1 514 1 1626 2082 t 10 C f (\\l')2166 2082 w 10 I f (Nc)2346 2082 w 10 C f (')2457 2082 w 10 R f (\(backslash-ell\) draws a string of repeated)5 1647 1 2543 2082 t 10 I f (c)4216 2082 w 10 R f ('s towards the right)3 780 1 4260 2082 t (for a distance)2 553 1 720 2202 t 10 I f (N)1306 2202 w 10 R f (. If)1 149 1 1373 2202 t 10 I f (c)1555 2202 w 10 R f (looks like a continuation of an expression for)7 1862 1 1632 2202 t 10 I f (N)3526 2202 w 10 R f (, it may be insulated from)5 1062 1 3593 2202 t 10 I f (N)4687 2202 w 10 R f (with a)1 254 1 4786 2202 t 10 C f (\\&)720 2322 w 10 R f (. If)1 141 1 840 2322 t 10 I f (c)1006 2322 w 10 R f (is not speci\256ed, the)3 772 1 1075 2322 t 10 S1 f (_)1872 2322 w 10 R f ( is used \(underline character in)5 1232(\(baseline rule\))1 573 2 1947 2322 t 10 I f (nroff)3778 2322 w 10 R f (\). If)1 175 1 3973 2322 t 10 I f (N)4174 2322 w 10 R f (is negative, a back-)3 773 1 4267 2322 t (ward horizontal motion of size)4 1234 1 720 2442 t 10 I f (N)1981 2442 w 10 R f ( space resulting from)3 846( Any)1 224(is made before drawing the string.)5 1374 3 2075 2442 t 10 I f (N)4545 2442 w 10 R f (/\(size of)1 325 1 4612 2442 t 10 I f (c)4963 2442 w 10 R f (\))5007 2442 w ( If)1 117(having a remainder is put at the beginning \(left end\) of the string.)12 2622 2 720 2562 t 10 I f (N)3485 2562 w 10 R f (is less than the width of)5 957 1 3579 2562 t 10 I f (c)4563 2562 w 10 R f (, a single)2 362 1 4607 2562 t 10 I f (c)4996 2562 w 10 R f (is centered on a distance)4 1007 1 720 2682 t 10 I f (N)1760 2682 w 10 R f ( the case of characters that are designed to be connected, such as baseline-)13 3048(. In)1 165 2 1827 2682 t (rule)720 2802 w 10 S1 f (_)900 2802 w 10 R f (, under-rule)1 483 1 966 2802 t 10 S f (_)1474 2802 w 10 R f (, and root-en)2 543 1 1540 2802 t 10 S f (`)2108 2802 w 10 R f ( an example, a)3 630( As)1 179(, the remainder space is covered by overlapping.)7 2057 3 2174 2802 t (macro to underscore a string can be written)7 1726 1 720 2922 t 9 CW f (.de us)1 324 1 1008 3092 t (\\\\$1\\ l '|0\\\(ul')2 786 1 1008 3202 t (..)1008 3312 w 10 R f (or one to draw a box around a string)8 1447 1 720 3492 t 9 CW f (.de bx)1 324 1 1008 3662 t (\\\(br\\|\\\\$1\\|\\\(br\\ l '|0\\\(rn'\\ l '|0\\\(ul')4 2004 1 1008 3772 t (..)1008 3882 w 10 R f (such that)1 358 1 720 4062 t 9 CW f (.ul "underlined words")2 1188 1 1008 4232 t 10 R f (and)720 4412 w 9 CW f (.bx "words in a box")4 1080 1 1008 4582 t 10 R f (yield underlined words)2 921 1 720 4762 t 10 S f (_ _____________)1 696 1 945 4762 t 10 R f (and)1666 4762 w 10 S f (\347)1835 4762 w 10 R f (words in a box)3 591 1 1851 4762 t 10 S f ( ____________)1 573( _)1 -573( ````````````)1 573(\347 `)1 -573 4 2458 4762 t 10 R f (.)2458 4762 w (The function)1 517 1 970 4918 t 10 C f (\\L')1516 4918 w 10 I f (Nc)1696 4918 w 10 C f (')1807 4918 w 10 R f ( \(optional\) character)2 818(draws a vertical line consisting of the)6 1516 2 1896 4918 t 10 I f (c)4260 4918 w 10 R f (stacked vertically)1 706 1 4334 4918 t ( in)1 105( \(1 line)2 289( em)1 138(apart 1)1 277 4 720 5038 t 10 I f (nroff)1556 5038 w 10 R f (\), with the \256rst two characters overlapped, if necessary, to form a continuous line.)13 3289 1 1751 5038 t (The default character is the)4 1105 1 720 5158 t 10 I f (box rule)1 335 1 1855 5158 t 10 S f (\347)2236 5158 w 10 R f (\()2282 5158 w 10 C f (\\\(br)2331 5158 w 10 R f ( is the)2 251(\); the other suitable character)4 1183 2 2571 5158 t 10 I f (bold vertical)1 514 1 4036 5158 t 10 S f (\357)4597 5158 w 10 R f (\()4693 5158 w 10 C f (\\\(bv)4742 5158 w 10 R f (\).)4982 5158 w ( positive)1 349( A)1 129( to the current baseline.)4 962(The line is begun without any initial motion relative)8 2147 4 720 5278 t 10 I f (N)4339 5278 w 10 R f (speci\256es a line)2 602 1 4438 5278 t (drawn downward and a negative)4 1304 1 720 5398 t 10 I f (N)2051 5398 w 10 R f ( the line is drawn no compensating)6 1411( After)1 263( drawn upward.)2 629(speci\256es a line)2 592 4 2145 5398 t (motions are made; the instantaneous baseline is at the end of the line.)12 2766 1 720 5518 t ( in combination to produce large)5 1391(The horizontal and vertical line drawing functions may be used)9 2679 2 970 5674 t ( zero-width)1 462(boxes. The)1 468 2 720 5794 t 10 I f (box-rule)1680 5794 w 10 R f (and the)1 296 1 2048 5794 t 10 S1 f ()2374 5794 w 2374 5794 m 75 build_12 2449 5794 m 10 R f (-em wide)1 379 1 2449 5794 t 10 I f (under-rule)2858 5794 w 10 R f ( using)1 246(were designed to form corners when)5 1479 2 3315 5794 t ( example the macro)3 784( For)1 189(1-em vertical spacings.)2 923 3 720 5914 t 9 CW f (.de eb)1 324 1 828 6024 t ( for next automatic baseline spacing)5 1944( \\"compensate)1 756(.sp \2611)1 324 3 828 6134 t ( possibly overflowing word buffer)4 1782(.nf \\"avoid)1 810 2 828 6244 t ( box)1 216(\\h'-.5n'\\L'|\\\\nau\2611'\\l'\\\\n\(.lu+1n\\\(ul'\\L'-|\\\\nau+1'\\l'|0u-.5n\\\(ul' \\"draw)1 3996 2 828 6354 t (.fi)828 6464 w (..)828 6574 w 10 R f ( was saved in number register)5 1259(will draw a box around some text whose beginning vertical place)10 2731 2 720 6694 t 10 I f (a)4749 6694 w 10 R f (\(e.g.,)4838 6694 w (using)720 6814 w 10 C f (.mk a)1 300 1 962 6814 t 10 R f (\) as was done for this paragraph.)6 1299 1 1262 6814 t 10 S f (\347)695 6814 w (\347)695 6755 w (\347)695 6655 w (\347)695 6555 w (\347)695 6455 w (\347)695 6355 w (\347)695 6255 w (\347)695 6155 w (\347)695 6055 w (\347)695 5955 w (\347)695 5855 w (\347)695 5755 w (\347)695 5655 w (_ _______________________________________________________________________________________)1 4370 1 695 5555 t (\347)5065 5655 w (\347)5065 5714 w (\347)5065 5814 w (\347)5065 5914 w (\347)5065 6014 w (\347)5065 6114 w (\347)5065 6214 w (\347)5065 6314 w (\347)5065 6414 w (\347)5065 6514 w (\347)5065 6614 w (\347)5065 6714 w ( _______________________________________________________________________________________)1 4320(\347 _)1 -4320 2 5065 6814 t 10 BI f (12.5. Graphics.)1 653 1 720 6970 t 10 R f (The function)1 513 1 1448 6970 t 10 CW f (\\D')1986 6970 w 10 I f (c.)2166 6970 w 10 R f (..)2235 6970 w 10 CW f (')2285 6970 w 10 R f (draws a graphic object of type)5 1205 1 2370 6970 t 10 I f (c)3600 6970 w 10 R f ( param-)1 308(according to a sequence of)4 1063 2 3669 6970 t (eters, which are generally pairs of numbers.)6 1745 1 720 7090 t 10 C f (\\D'l)970 7246 w 10 I f (dh dv)1 270 1 1270 7246 t 10 C f (')1540 7246 w 10 R f (draw line from current position by)5 1373 1 2194 7246 t 10 I f (dh)3592 7246 w 10 R f (,)3700 7246 w 10 I f (dv)3766 7246 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 22 24 %%Page: 23 25 /saveobj save def mark 25 pagesetup 10 R f (- 23 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 10 C f (\\D'c)970 840 w 10 I f (d)1270 840 w 10 C f (')1320 840 w 10 R f (draw circle of diameter)3 927 1 2194 840 t 10 I f (d)3146 840 w 10 R f (with left side at current position)5 1274 1 3221 840 t 10 C f (\\D'e)970 960 w 10 I f (d)1270 960 w 7 R f (1)1331 980 w 10 I f (d)1382 960 w 7 R f (2)1443 980 w 10 C f (')1486 960 w 10 R f (draw ellipse of diameters)3 1006 1 2194 960 t 10 I f (d)3225 960 w 7 R f (1)3286 980 w 10 R f (and)3354 960 w 10 I f (d)3523 960 w 7 R f (2)3584 980 w 10 C f (\\D'a)970 1080 w 10 I f (dh)1270 1080 w 7 R f (1)1381 1100 w 10 I f (dv)1500 1080 w 7 R f (1)1605 1100 w 10 I f (dh)1724 1080 w 7 R f (2)1835 1100 w 10 I f (dv)1954 1080 w 7 R f (2)2059 1100 w 10 C f (')2102 1080 w 10 R f (draw arc from current position to)5 1322 1 2194 1080 t 10 I f (dh)3541 1080 w 7 R f (1)3652 1100 w 10 S f (+)3711 1080 w 10 I f (dh)3782 1080 w 7 R f (2)3893 1100 w 10 R f (,)3936 1080 w 10 I f (dv)3986 1080 w 7 R f (1)4091 1100 w 10 S f (+)4150 1080 w 10 I f (dv)4221 1080 w 7 R f (2)4326 1100 w 10 R f (,)4369 1080 w (with center at)2 543 1 2374 1200 t 10 I f (dh)2942 1200 w 7 R f (1)3053 1220 w 10 R f (,)3104 1200 w 10 I f (dv)3170 1200 w 7 R f (1)3275 1220 w 10 R f (from current position)2 849 1 3343 1200 t 10 C f (\\D'\304)970 1320 w 10 I f (dh)1270 1320 w 7 R f (1)1381 1340 w 10 I f (dv)1432 1320 w 7 R f (1)1537 1340 w 10 I f (dh)1588 1320 w 7 R f (2)1699 1340 w 10 I f (dv)1750 1320 w 7 R f (2)1855 1340 w 10 I f (...)1906 1320 w 10 C f (')1981 1320 w 10 R f (draw B-spline from current position by)5 1562 1 2194 1320 t 10 I f (dh)3781 1320 w 7 R f (1 ,)1 58 1 3892 1340 t 10 I f (dv)3966 1320 w 7 R f (1)4071 1340 w 10 R f (,)4114 1320 w (then by)1 297 1 2374 1440 t 10 I f (dh)2696 1440 w 7 R f (2)2807 1460 w 10 R f (,)2858 1440 w 10 I f (dv)2891 1440 w 7 R f (2)2996 1460 w 10 R f (, then by)2 347 1 3039 1440 t 10 I f (dh)3411 1440 w 7 R f (2)3522 1460 w 10 R f (,)3573 1440 w 10 I f (dv)3606 1440 w 7 R f (2)3711 1460 w 10 R f (, then ...)2 322 1 3754 1440 t (For example,)1 527 1 720 1596 t 10 CW f (\\D'e0.2i 0.1i')1 840 1 1272 1596 t 10 R f (draws the ellipse)2 671 1 2137 1596 t cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal % % Version 3.3.1 drawing procedures for dpost. Automatically pulled in when % needed. % /inpath false def /savematrix matrix def /Dl { inpath {pop pop neg lineto} {newpath neg moveto neg lineto stroke} ifelse } bind def /De { /y1 exch 2 div def /x1 exch 2 div def /savematrix savematrix currentmatrix def neg exch x1 add exch translate x1 y1 scale 0 0 1 0 360 inpath {1 0 moveto arc savematrix setmatrix} {newpath arc savematrix setmatrix stroke} ifelse } bind def /Da { /dy2 exch def /dx2 exch def /dy1 exch def /dx1 exch def dy1 add neg exch dx1 add exch dx1 dx1 mul dy1 dy1 mul add sqrt dy1 dx1 neg atan dy2 neg dx2 atan inpath {arc} {newpath arc stroke} ifelse } bind def /DA { /dy2 exch def /dx2 exch def /dy1 exch def /dx1 exch def dy1 add neg exch dx1 add exch dx1 dx1 mul dy1 dy1 mul add sqrt dy1 dx1 neg atan dy2 neg dx2 atan inpath {arcn} {newpath arcn stroke} ifelse } bind def /Ds { /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /y0 exch def /x0 exch def x0 5 x1 mul add 6 div y0 5 y1 mul add -6 div x2 5 x1 mul add 6 div y2 5 y1 mul add -6 div x1 x2 add 2 div y1 y2 add -2 div inpath {curveto} {newpath x0 x1 add 2 div y0 y1 add -2 div moveto curveto stroke} ifelse } bind def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 R f 2833 1596 144 72 De (, and)1 195 1 2993 1596 t 10 CW f (\\D'l.2i -.1i'\\D'l.1i .1i')2 1502 1 3214 1596 t 10 R f (the line)1 298 1 4742 1596 t 864 1644 720 1716 Dl 936 1716 864 1644 Dl (. A)1 154 1 952 1716 t 10 CW f (\\D)1138 1716 w 10 R f (with an unknown)2 708 1 1290 1716 t 10 I f (c)2030 1716 w 10 R f ( and copied through to the output for unspeci\256ed interpreta-)9 2442(is processed)1 492 2 2106 1716 t (tion.)720 1836 w ( have default scaling of ems; vertical numbers \(second,)8 2230(Numbers taken as horizontal \(\256rst, third, etc.\))6 1840 2 970 1992 t (fourth, etc.\) have default scaling of)5 1409 1 720 2112 t 10 I f (V)2156 2112 w 10 R f ( been drawn is at its)5 801( position after a graphical object has)6 1459( The)1 207(s \(\2471.3\).)1 332 4 2241 2112 t (end; for circles and ellipses, the ``end'' is at the right side.)11 2326 1 720 2232 t 10 B f (13. Hyphenation.)1 757 1 720 2472 t 10 R f ( on with)2 352( switched)1 391( When)1 299(Automatic hyphenation may be switched off and on.)7 2174 4 970 2628 t 10 C f (hy)4223 2628 w 10 R f (, several variants)2 697 1 4343 2628 t ( A)1 125(may be set.)2 458 2 720 2748 t 10 I f (hyphenation indicator)1 889 1 1331 2748 t 10 R f ( specify desired hyphenation)3 1151(character may be embedded in a word to)7 1641 2 2248 2748 t ( may specify a small list of)6 1167( addition, the user)3 758( In)1 147(points, or may be prepended to suppress hyphenation.)7 2248 4 720 2868 t (exception words.)1 682 1 720 2988 t ( null\) non-alphabetic)2 862(Only words that consist of a central alphabetic string surrounded by \(usually)11 3208 2 970 3144 t ( that contain hyphens \(minus\), em-dashes \()6 1729( Words)1 318( for automatic hyphenation.)3 1110(strings are candidates)2 865 4 720 3264 t 10 C f (\\\(em)4742 3264 w 10 R f (\),)4982 3264 w ( are always subject to splitting after those characters, whether automatic)10 2904(or hyphenation indicator characters)3 1416 2 720 3384 t (hyphenation is on or off.)4 985 1 720 3504 t 10 C f (.nh)720 3660 w 10 R f ( E)1 748(hyphenate -)1 753 2 1440 3660 t (Automatic hyphenation is turned off.)4 1479 1 1296 3816 t 10 C f (.hy)720 3972 w 10 I f (N)933 3972 w 10 R f (on,)1440 3972 w 10 I f (N)1590 3972 w 10 S f (=)1681 3972 w 10 R f (1 on,)1 533 1 1752 3972 t 10 I f (N)2310 3972 w 10 S f (=)2401 3972 w 10 R f (1 E)1 469 1 2472 3972 t ( is turned on for)4 658(Automatic hyphenation)1 945 2 1296 4128 t 10 I f (N)2929 4128 w 10 S f (\263)3020 4128 w 10 R f (1, or off for)3 480 1 3091 4128 t 10 I f (N)3601 4128 w 10 S f (=)3692 4128 w 10 R f (0. If)1 196 1 3763 4128 t 10 I f (N)3989 4128 w 10 S f (=)4080 4128 w 10 R f (2, last lines \(ones that)4 889 1 4151 4128 t ( For)1 207( not hyphenated.)2 699(will cause a trap\) are)4 906 3 1296 4248 t 10 I f (N)3151 4248 w 10 S f (=)3242 4248 w 10 R f (4 and 8, the last and \256rst two characters)8 1727 1 3313 4248 t ( values are additive; i.e.,)4 985( These)1 291(respectively of a word are not split off.)7 1566 3 1296 4368 t 10 I f (N)4166 4368 w 10 S f (=)4257 4368 w 10 R f (14 will invoke all)3 712 1 4328 4368 t (three restrictions.)1 693 1 1296 4488 t 10 C f (.hc)720 4644 w 10 I f (c)925 4644 w 10 C f (\\% \\%)1 840 1 1440 4644 t 10 R f (E)2880 4644 w ( is set to)3 388(Hyphenation indicator character)2 1321 2 1296 4800 t 10 I f (c)3049 4800 w 10 R f (or to the default)3 692 1 3137 4800 t 10 C f (\\%)3873 4800 w 10 R f ( indicator does not)3 798(. The)1 249 2 3993 4800 t (appear in the output.)3 821 1 1296 4920 t 10 C f (.hw)720 5076 w 10 I f (word ...)1 306 1 925 5076 t 10 R f (ignored -)1 753 1 2160 5076 t ( of a word with)4 642( Versions)1 413( embedded minus signs.)3 985(Specify hyphenation points in words with)5 1704 4 1296 5232 t (terminal)1296 5352 w 10 I f (s)1663 5352 w 10 R f (are implied; i.e.,)2 670 1 1736 5352 t 10 CW f (dig-it)2439 5352 w 10 R f (implies)2832 5352 w 10 CW f (dig-its)3160 5352 w 10 R f ( list is examined initially and)5 1199(. This)1 261 2 3580 5352 t ( space available is small\320about 128 characters.)6 1915( The)1 205(after each suf\256x stripping.)3 1048 3 1296 5472 t 10 B f ( Titles.)1 289(14. Three-Part)1 651 2 720 5712 t 10 R f (The titling function)2 790 1 970 5868 t 10 C f (tl)1791 5868 w 10 R f ( placement of three \256elds at the left, center, and right)10 2182(provides for automatic)2 916 2 1942 5868 t (of a line with a title length speci\256able with)8 1750 1 720 5988 t 10 C f (lt)2500 5988 w 10 R f (.)2620 5988 w 10 C f (tl)2699 5988 w 10 R f (may be used anywhere, and is independent of the nor-)9 2192 1 2848 5988 t ( common use is in header and footer macros.)8 1788( A)1 122(mal text collecting process.)3 1093 3 720 6108 t 10 C f (.tl ')1 300 1 720 6264 t 10 I f (left)1020 6264 w 10 C f (')1148 6264 w 10 I f (center)1208 6264 w 10 C f (')1457 6264 w 10 I f (right)1517 6264 w 10 C f (')1712 6264 w 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 2880 6264 t (The strings)1 455 1 1296 6420 t 10 I f (left)1784 6420 w 10 R f (,)1912 6420 w 10 I f (center)1970 6420 w 10 R f (, and)1 202 1 2219 6420 t 10 I f (right)2454 6420 w 10 R f (are respectively left-adjusted, centered, and right-adjusted)5 2358 1 2682 6420 t ( If)1 118( of the strings may be empty, and overlapping is permitted.)10 2379( Any)1 224( title length.)2 485(in the current)2 538 5 1296 6540 t (the page-number character \(initially)3 1447 1 1296 6660 t 10 C f (%)2773 6660 w 10 R f ( within any of the \256elds it is replaced by the)10 1814(\) is found)2 393 2 2833 6660 t (current page number in the format assigned to register)8 2290 1 1296 6780 t 10 C f (%)3627 6780 w 10 R f ( character may be used in)5 1091(. Any)1 262 2 3687 6780 t (place of)1 318 1 1296 6900 t 10 CW f (')1639 6900 w 10 R f (as the string delimiter.)3 894 1 1724 6900 t 10 C f (.pc)720 7056 w 10 I f (c)925 7056 w 10 C f (%)1440 7056 w 10 R f (off -)1 753 1 2160 7056 t (The page number character is set to)6 1418 1 1296 7212 t 10 I f (c)2739 7212 w 10 R f ( page number register remains)4 1208( The)1 205(, or removed.)2 532 3 2783 7212 t 10 C f (%)4753 7212 w 10 R f (.)4813 7212 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 23 25 %%Page: 24 26 /saveobj save def mark 26 pagesetup 10 R f (- 24 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 10 C f (.lt)720 840 w 10 S f (\261)925 840 w 10 I f (N)980 840 w 10 R f ( E,)1 462( previous)1 845(6.5 in)1 219 3 1440 840 t 10 B f (m)2966 840 w 10 R f ( to)1 108(Length of title is set)4 816 2 1296 996 t 10 S f (\261)2250 996 w 10 I f (N)2313 996 w 10 R f ( do)1 130( Indents)1 349( line length and the title length are independent.)8 1946(. The)1 235 4 2380 996 t (not apply to titles; page offsets do.)6 1380 1 1296 1116 t 10 B f ( Line Numbering.)2 759(15. Output)1 487 2 720 1356 t 10 R f ( output lines may be requested with)6 1493(Automatic sequence numbering of)3 1411 2 1170 1512 t 10 C f (nm)4111 1512 w 10 R f ( in effect, a)3 484(. When)1 325 2 4231 1512 t ( thus)1 197( text lines are)3 553( The)1 211(three-digit, arabic number plus a digit-space is prepended to output text lines.)11 3159 4 920 1632 t ( digit-spaces, and otherwise retain their line length; a reduction in line length may be)14 3555( by four)2 338(3 offset)1 327 3 820 1752 t ( lines, other vertical spaces, and)5 1282( Blank)1 291( keep the right margin aligned with an earlier margin.)9 2153(desired to)1 394 4 920 1872 t (lines generated by)2 738 1 920 1992 t 10 C f (tl)1689 1992 w 10 R f ( can be temporarily suspended with)5 1452( Numbering)1 511(are not numbered.)2 735 3 1840 1992 t 10 C f (nn)4570 1992 w 10 R f (, or with)2 350 1 4690 1992 t (6 an)1 194 1 820 2112 t 10 C f (.nm)1042 2112 w 10 R f (followed by a later)3 760 1 1250 2112 t 10 C f (.nm +0)1 363 1 2038 2112 t 10 R f ( addition, a line number indent)5 1242(. In)1 161 2 2401 2112 t 10 I f (I)3832 2112 w 10 R f ( the number-text separa-)3 978(, and)1 197 2 3865 2112 t (tion)920 2232 w 10 I f (S)1107 2232 w 10 R f ( it can be speci\256ed that only those line numbers that)10 2146( Further,)1 376(may be speci\256ed in digit-spaces.)4 1329 3 1189 2232 t (are multiples of some number)4 1193 1 920 2352 t 10 I f (M)2138 2352 w 10 R f (are to be printed \(the others will appear as blank number \256elds\).)11 2556 1 2246 2352 t 10 C f (.nm)720 2508 w 10 S f (\261)925 2508 w 10 I f (N M S I)3 308 1 980 2508 t 10 R f (off E)1 781 1 2160 2508 t ( If)1 128(Line number mode.)2 809 2 1296 2664 t 10 S f (\261)2270 2664 w 10 I f (N)2333 2664 w 10 R f ( is turned on, and the next output line)8 1595(is given, line numbering)3 1008 2 2437 2664 t (numbered is numbered)2 949 1 1296 2784 t 10 S f (\261)2287 2784 w 10 I f (N)2350 2784 w 10 R f ( values are)2 460(. Default)1 391 2 2417 2784 t 10 I f (M)3310 2784 w 10 S f (=)3417 2784 w 10 R f (1,)3488 2784 w 10 I f (S)3604 2784 w 10 S f (=)3678 2784 w 10 R f (1, and)1 260 1 3749 2784 t 10 I f (I)4050 2784 w 10 S f (=)4107 2784 w 10 R f ( corre-)1 278(0. Parameters)1 584 2 4178 2784 t ( is considered miss-)3 815(sponding to missing arguments are unaffected; a non-numeric argument)8 2929 2 1296 2904 t ( of all arguments, numbering is turned off; the next line number is pre-)13 2941( the absence)2 507(ing. In)1 296 3 1296 3024 t (served for possible further use in number register)7 1965 1 1296 3144 t 10 C f (ln)3286 3144 w 10 R f (.)3406 3144 w 10 C f (.nn)720 3300 w 10 I f (N)925 3300 w 10 R f (-)1440 3300 w 10 I f (N)2160 3300 w 10 S f (=)2251 3300 w 10 R f (1 E)1 619 1 2322 3300 t (The next)1 352 1 1296 3456 t 10 I f (N)1673 3456 w 10 R f (text output lines are not numbered.)5 1393 1 1765 3456 t ( numbered with)2 639( an example, the paragraph portions of this section are)9 2207(9 As)1 461 3 820 3612 t 10 I f (M=)4158 3612 w 10 R f (3:)4325 3612 w 10 C f (.nm 1 3)2 420 1 4434 3612 t 10 R f (was)4885 3612 w (placed at the beginning;)3 969 1 920 3732 t 10 C f (.nm)1918 3732 w 10 R f (was placed at the end of the \256rst paragraph; and)9 1945 1 2127 3732 t 10 C f (.nm +0)1 360 1 4101 3732 t 10 R f ( in)1 106(was placed)1 444 2 4490 3732 t (front of this paragraph; and)4 1180 1 920 3852 t 10 C f (.nm)2147 3852 w 10 R f ( \(by)1 181( lengths were also changed)4 1163( Line)1 255(\256nally placed at the end.)4 1067 4 2374 3852 t (12)770 3972 w 10 C f (\\w'0000'u)920 3972 w 10 R f ( example is)2 457( Another)1 378( aligned.)1 345(\) to keep the right side)5 906 4 1460 3972 t 10 CW f (.nm +5 5 x 3)4 584 1 3572 3972 t 10 R f (, which turns on num-)4 884 1 4156 3972 t (bering with the line number of the next line to be 5 greater than the last numbered line, with)18 3832 1 920 4092 t 10 I f (M)4787 4092 w 10 S f (=)4894 4092 w 10 R f (5,)4965 4092 w (with spacing)1 508 1 920 4212 t 10 I f (S)1453 4212 w 10 R f (untouched, and with the indent)4 1235 1 1528 4212 t 10 I f (I)2788 4212 w 10 R f (set to 3.)2 314 1 2846 4212 t 10 B f ( Acceptance of Input)3 885(16. Conditional)1 682 2 720 4452 t 10 R f (In the following,)2 707 1 970 4608 t 10 I f (c)1721 4608 w 10 R f (is a one-character built-in)3 1082 1 1810 4608 t 10 I f (condition)2937 4608 w 10 R f (name,)3360 4608 w 10 C f (!)3646 4608 w 10 R f (signi\256es)3751 4608 w 10 I f (not)4130 4608 w 10 R f (,)4258 4608 w 10 I f (N)4328 4608 w 10 R f (is a numerical)2 600 1 4440 4608 t (expression,)720 4728 w 10 I f (string1)1209 4728 w 10 R f (and)1530 4728 w 10 I f (string2)1711 4728 w 10 R f ( character not in the)4 836(are strings delimited by any non-blank, non-numeric)6 2172 2 2032 4728 t (strings, and)1 461 1 720 4848 t 10 I f (anything)1206 4848 w 10 R f (represents what is conditionally accepted.)4 1666 1 1581 4848 t 10 C f (.if)720 5004 w 10 I f (c anything)1 419 1 925 5004 t 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 2160 5004 t (If condition)1 469 1 1296 5160 t 10 I f (c)1790 5160 w 10 R f (true, accept)1 459 1 1859 5160 t 10 I f (anything)2343 5160 w 10 R f (as input; in multi-line case use)5 1219 1 2718 5160 t 10 I f (\\{anything \\})1 502 1 3962 5160 t 10 R f (.)4464 5160 w 10 C f (.if !)1 300 1 720 5316 t 10 I f (c anything)1 419 1 1020 5316 t 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 1440 5316 t (If condition)1 469 1 1296 5472 t 10 I f (c)1790 5472 w 10 R f (false, accept)1 492 1 1859 5472 t 10 I f (anything)2376 5472 w 10 R f (.)2726 5472 w 10 C f (.if)720 5628 w 10 I f (N anything)1 442 1 925 5628 t 10 R f (-)2160 5628 w 10 B f (u)2880 5628 w 10 R f (If expression)1 518 1 1296 5784 t 10 I f (N)1839 5784 w 10 S f (>)1931 5784 w 10 R f (0, accept)1 354 1 2011 5784 t 10 I f (anything)2390 5784 w 10 R f (.)2740 5784 w 10 C f (.if !)1 300 1 720 5940 t 10 I f (N anything)1 442 1 1020 5940 t 10 R f (-)2160 5940 w 10 B f (u)2880 5940 w 10 R f (If expression)1 518 1 1296 6096 t 10 I f (N)1839 6096 w 10 S f (\243)1931 6096 w 10 R f (0, accept)1 354 1 2011 6096 t 10 I f (anything)2390 6096 w 10 R f (.)2740 6096 w 10 C f (.if ')1 300 1 720 6252 t 10 I f (string1)1020 6252 w 10 C f (')1304 6252 w 10 I f (string2)1364 6252 w 10 C f (')1648 6252 w 10 I f (anything)1733 6252 w 10 R f (-)2880 6252 w (If)1296 6408 w 10 I f (string1)1387 6408 w 10 R f (identical to)1 447 1 1696 6408 t 10 I f (string2)2168 6408 w 10 R f (, accept)1 304 1 2452 6408 t 10 I f (anything)2781 6408 w 10 R f (.)3131 6408 w 10 C f (.if !')1 360 1 720 6564 t 10 I f (string1)1080 6564 w 10 C f (')1364 6564 w 10 I f (string2)1424 6564 w 10 C f (')1708 6564 w 10 I f (anything)1793 6564 w 10 R f (-)2880 6564 w (If)1296 6720 w 10 I f (string1)1387 6720 w 10 R f (not identical to)2 600 1 1696 6720 t 10 I f (string2)2321 6720 w 10 R f (, accept)1 304 1 2605 6720 t 10 I f (anything)2934 6720 w 10 R f (.)3284 6720 w 10 C f (.ie)720 6876 w 10 I f (c anything)1 419 1 925 6876 t 10 R f (-)2160 6876 w 10 B f (u)2880 6876 w 10 R f (If portion of if-else; all of the forms for)8 1569 1 1296 7032 t 10 C f (if)2890 7032 w 10 R f (above are valid.)2 634 1 3035 7032 t 10 C f (.el)720 7188 w 10 I f (anything)925 7188 w 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 2160 7188 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 24 26 %%Page: 25 27 /saveobj save def mark 27 pagesetup 10 R f (- 25 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (Else portion of if-else.)3 893 1 1296 840 t (The built-in condition names are:)4 1332 1 970 996 t 10 S f (_ ___________________________________)1 1754 1 2003 1076 t 10 R f (Condition)2053 1196 w ( If)1 91(Name True)1 1045 2 2134 1316 t 10 S f (_ ___________________________________)1 1754 1 2003 1336 t 10 C f (o)2223 1456 w 10 R f (Current page number is odd)4 1115 1 2554 1456 t 10 C f (e)2223 1576 w 10 R f (Current page number is even)4 1153 1 2554 1576 t 10 C f (t)2223 1696 w 10 R f (Formatter is)1 486 1 2554 1696 t 10 I f (troff)3065 1696 w 10 C f (n)2223 1816 w 10 R f (Formatter is)1 486 1 2554 1816 t 10 I f (nroff)3065 1816 w 10 S f ( \347)1 -1754(_ ___________________________________)1 1754 2 2003 1836 t (\347)2003 1776 w (\347)2003 1676 w (\347)2003 1576 w (\347)2003 1476 w (\347)2003 1376 w (\347)2003 1276 w (\347)2003 1176 w (\347)2504 1836 w (\347)2504 1776 w (\347)2504 1676 w (\347)2504 1576 w (\347)2504 1476 w (\347)2504 1376 w (\347)2504 1276 w (\347)2504 1176 w (\347)3757 1836 w (\347)3757 1776 w (\347)3757 1676 w (\347)3757 1576 w (\347)3757 1476 w (\347)3757 1376 w (\347)3757 1276 w (\347)3757 1176 w 10 R f (If the condition)2 646 1 720 2016 t 10 I f (c)1406 2016 w 10 R f (is true, or if the number)5 1023 1 1490 2016 t 10 I f (N)2554 2016 w 10 R f (is greater than zero, or if the strings compare identically)9 2378 1 2662 2016 t (\(including motions and character size and font\),)6 1958 1 720 2136 t 10 I f (anything)2711 2136 w 10 R f ( a)1 77( If)1 124(is accepted as input.)3 828 3 3094 2136 t 10 C f (!)4156 2136 w 10 R f (precedes the condi-)2 791 1 4249 2136 t (tion, number, or string comparison, the sense of the acceptance is reversed.)11 2996 1 720 2256 t (Any spaces between the condition and the beginning of)8 2229 1 970 2412 t 10 I f (anything)3226 2412 w 10 R f ( The)1 207(are skipped over.)2 688 2 3603 2412 t 10 I f (anything)4525 2412 w 10 R f (can)4902 2412 w ( the)1 147( the multi-line case,)3 791( In)1 134(be either a single input line \(text, macro, or whatever\) or a number of input lines.)15 3248 4 720 2532 t (\256rst line must begin with a left delimiter)7 1614 1 720 2652 t 10 C f (\\{)2359 2652 w 10 R f (and the last line must end with a right delimiter)9 1891 1 2504 2652 t 10 C f (\\})4420 2652 w 10 R f (.)4540 2652 w (The request)1 473 1 970 2808 t 10 C f (ie)1473 2808 w 10 R f (\(if-else\) is identical to)3 894 1 1623 2808 t 10 C f (if)2548 2808 w 10 R f ( subse-)1 286( A)1 128(except that the acceptance state is remembered.)6 1927 3 2699 2808 t (quent and matching)2 788 1 720 2928 t 10 C f (el)1533 2928 w 10 R f (\(else\) request then uses the reverse sense of that state.)9 2144 1 1678 2928 t 10 C f (ie)3872 2928 w 10 R f (-)3992 2928 w 10 C f (el)4025 2928 w 10 R f (pairs may be nested.)3 815 1 4170 2928 t (Some examples are:)2 804 1 970 3084 t 9 CW f ( Page %''')2 540( Even)1 231(.if e .tl ')3 594 3 1008 3254 t 10 R f (which outputs a title if the page number is even; and)10 2092 1 720 3434 t 9 CW f (.ie \\n%>1 \\{\\)2 702 1 1008 3604 t ( 0.5i)1 270(' sp)1 540 2 1008 3714 t ( 'Page %''')2 594(. tl)1 540 2 1008 3824 t ( |1.2i \\})2 486(' sp)1 540 2 1008 3934 t (.el .sp |2.5i)2 702 1 1008 4044 t 10 R f (which treats page 1 differently from other pages.)7 1945 1 720 4224 t 10 B f ( Switching.)1 473(17. Environment)1 742 2 720 4464 t 10 R f (A number of the parameters that control the text processing are gathered together into an)14 3696 1 970 4620 t 10 I f (environ-)4702 4620 w (ment)720 4740 w 10 R f ( environment parameters are those associated with requests)7 2413( The)1 213(, which can be switched by the user.)7 1500 3 914 4740 t (noting E in their)3 695 1 720 4860 t 10 I f (Notes)1454 4860 w 10 R f ( addition, partially collected lines and words are in the environment.)10 2874(column; in)1 445 2 1721 4860 t ( number)1 341(Everything else is global; examples are page-oriented parameters, diversion-oriented parameters,)9 3979 2 720 4980 t ( environments are initialized with default parameter values.)7 2373( All)1 178(registers, and macro and string de\256nitions.)5 1701 3 720 5100 t 10 C f (.ev)720 5256 w 10 I f (N N)1 582 1 925 5256 t 10 S f (=)1531 5256 w 10 R f ( -)1 409(0 previous)1 902 2 1602 5256 t (Environment switched to environment 0)4 1622 1 1296 5412 t 10 S f (\243)2934 5412 w 10 I f (N)3005 5412 w 10 S f (\243)3096 5412 w 10 R f ( done in push-down fashion so)5 1244( is)1 95(2. Switching)1 534 3 3167 5412 t (that restoring a previous environment)4 1526 1 1296 5532 t 10 I f (must)2854 5532 w 10 R f (be done with)2 528 1 3074 5532 t 10 C f (.ev)3633 5532 w 10 R f (rather than speci\256c reference.)3 1196 1 3844 5532 t (Note that what is pushed down and restored is the environment)10 2519 1 1296 5652 t 10 I f (number,)3840 5652 w 10 R f (not its contents.)2 631 1 4195 5652 t 10 B f ( from the Standard Input)4 1084(18. Insertions)1 603 2 720 5892 t 10 R f ( be temporarily switched to the system standard input with)9 2376(The input can)2 555 2 970 6048 t 10 C f (rd)3930 6048 w 10 R f (, which will switch back)4 990 1 4050 6048 t ( mechanism is intended for)4 1082( This)1 228( newlines are found \(the extra blank line is not used\).)10 2121(when two consecutive)2 889 4 720 6168 t ( On)1 184(insertions in form-letter-like documentation.)3 1812 2 720 6288 t 9 R f (UNIX)2753 6288 w 10 R f ( can be the user's keyboard, a)6 1260(, the standard input)3 802 2 2978 6288 t (pipe, or a \256le.)3 552 1 720 6408 t 10 C f (.rd)720 6564 w 10 I f (prompt)925 6564 w 10 R f (-)1440 6564 w 10 I f (prompt=)2160 6564 w 9 R f (BEL)2517 6564 w 10 R f (-)2880 6564 w ( standard)1 366( the)1 149( If)1 118(Read insertion from the standard input until two newlines in a row are found.)13 3111 4 1296 6720 t (input is the user's keyboard,)4 1205 1 1296 6840 t 10 I f (prompt)2544 6840 w 10 R f (\(or a)1 203 1 2876 6840 t 9 R f (BEL)3122 6840 w 10 R f (\) is written onto the standard output.)6 1560 1 3292 6840 t 10 C f (rd)4920 6840 w 10 R f (behaves like a macro, and arguments may be placed after)9 2282 1 1296 6960 t 10 I f (prompt)3603 6960 w 10 R f (.)3892 6960 w 10 C f (.ex)720 7116 w 10 R f (- - -)2 1473 1 1440 7116 t (Exit from)1 386 1 1296 7272 t 10 I f (nroff)1707 7272 w 10 R f (/)1902 7272 w 10 I f (troff)1930 7272 w 10 R f ( processing is terminated exactly as if all input had ended.)10 2316(. Text)1 258 2 2103 7272 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 25 27 %%Page: 26 28 /saveobj save def mark 28 pagesetup 10 R f (- 26 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t ( be taken from the terminal keyboard while output is being printed on the terminal,)14 3338(If insertions are to)3 732 2 970 840 t (the command line option)3 1021 1 720 960 t 10 C f (\261q)1774 960 w 10 R f ( the echoing of keyboard input and prompt only with)9 2175(will turn off)2 499 2 1927 960 t 9 R f (BEL)4633 960 w 10 R f (. The)1 237 1 4803 960 t (regular input and insertion input cannot simultaneously come from the standard input.)11 3436 1 720 1080 t ( letter may be prepared by entering the insertions for all the)11 2403(As an example, multiple copies of a form)7 1667 2 970 1236 t ( causing the \256le containing the letter to reinvoke itself)9 2156(copies in one \256le to be used as the standard input, and)11 2164 2 720 1356 t (with)720 1476 w 10 C f (nx)923 1476 w 10 R f (\(\24719\); the process would ultimately be ended by an)8 2047 1 1068 1476 t 10 C f (ex)3140 1476 w 10 R f (in the insertion \256le.)3 778 1 3285 1476 t 10 B f ( File Switching)2 634(19. Input/Output)1 755 2 720 1716 t 10 C f (.so)720 1872 w 10 I f (\256lename)925 1872 w 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 2160 1872 t ( top input \(\256le reading\) level is switched to)8 1753( The)1 209(Switch source \256le.)2 749 3 1296 2028 t 10 I f (\256lename)4036 2028 w 10 R f ( the new)2 348(. When)1 318 2 4374 2028 t (\256le ends, input is again taken from the original \256le.)9 2046 1 1296 2148 t 10 C f (so)3392 2148 w 10 R f ('s may be nested.)3 693 1 3512 2148 t 10 C f (.nx)720 2304 w 10 I f (\256lename)925 2304 w 10 R f (end-of-\256le -)1 753 1 2160 2304 t ( is)1 110(Next \256le)1 364 2 1296 2460 t 10 I f (\256lename)1813 2460 w 10 R f ( current \256le is considered ended, and the input is immediately)10 2641(. The)1 248 2 2151 2460 t (switched to)1 458 1 1296 2580 t 10 I f (\256lename)1779 2580 w 10 R f (.)2117 2580 w 10 C f (.sy)720 2736 w 10 I f (string)925 2736 w 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 2160 2736 t (Execute program from)2 911 1 1296 2892 t 10 I f (string)2237 2892 w 10 R f ( output is not collected)4 931( The)1 210(, which is the rest of the input line.)8 1428 3 2471 2892 t ( number register)2 676(automatically. The)1 785 2 1296 3012 t 10 CW f ($$)2793 3012 w 10 R f (, which contains the process id of the)7 1558 1 2913 3012 t 10 I f (troff)4507 3012 w 10 R f (process,)4716 3012 w (may be useful in generating unique \256lenames for output.)8 2261 1 1296 3132 t 10 C f (.pi)720 3288 w 10 I f (string)925 3288 w 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 2160 3288 t (Pipe output to)2 570 1 1296 3444 t 10 I f (string)1895 3444 w 10 R f ( request must occur before any)5 1252( This)1 233( the rest of the input line.)6 1032(, which is)2 394 4 2129 3444 t (printing occurs.)1 627 1 1296 3564 t 10 C f (.cf)720 3720 w 10 I f (\256lename)925 3720 w 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 2160 3720 t (Copy contents of \256le)3 836 1 1296 3876 t 10 I f (\256lename)2157 3876 w 10 R f ( \256le is assumed to con-)5 919( The)1 205(to output, completely unprocessed.)3 1396 3 2520 3876 t (tain something meaningful to subsequent processes.)5 2076 1 1296 3996 t 10 B f (20. Miscellaneous)1 775 1 720 4236 t 10 C f (.mc)720 4392 w 10 I f (c N)1 136 1 925 4392 t 10 R f ( E,)1 690(- off)1 836 2 1440 4392 t 10 B f (m)2966 4392 w 12 S f (\347)5140 4392 w 10 R f (Speci\256es that a)2 617 1 1296 4548 t 10 I f (margin)1944 4548 w 10 R f (character)2265 4548 w 10 I f (c)2661 4548 w 10 R f (appear a distance)2 700 1 2737 4548 t 10 I f (N)3469 4548 w 10 R f (to the right of the right margin after)7 1472 1 3568 4548 t 12 S f (\347)5140 4548 w 10 R f ( produced by)2 521(each non-empty text line \(except those)5 1549 2 1296 4668 t 10 C f (tl)3391 4668 w 10 R f ( the output line is too long \(as can)8 1355(\). If)1 174 2 3511 4668 t 12 S f (\347)5140 4668 w 10 R f ( If)1 117( line.)1 201(happen in no\256ll mode\) the character will be appended to the)10 2401 3 1296 4788 t 10 I f (N)4041 4788 w 10 R f (is not given, the previ-)4 906 1 4134 4788 t 12 S f (\347)5140 4788 w 10 R f (ous)1296 4908 w 10 I f (N)1461 4908 w 10 R f (is used; the initial)3 712 1 1554 4908 t 10 I f (N)2292 4908 w 10 R f (is 0.2 inches in)3 603 1 2385 4908 t 10 I f (nroff)3014 4908 w 10 R f (and 1 em in)3 472 1 3235 4908 t 10 I f (troff)3732 4908 w 10 R f ( margin character used)3 905(. The)1 230 2 3905 4908 t 12 S f (\347)5140 4908 w 10 R f (with this paragraph was a 12-point box-rule.)6 1772 1 1296 5028 t 12 S f (\347)5140 5028 w 10 C f (.tm)720 5184 w 10 I f (string)925 5184 w 10 R f ( -)1 437(- newline)1 1036 2 1440 5184 t (After skipping initial blanks,)3 1159 1 1296 5340 t 10 I f (string)2483 5340 w 10 R f (\(rest of the line\) is read in copy mode and written on the)12 2294 1 2746 5340 t (standard error.)1 581 1 1296 5460 t 10 C f (.ab)720 5616 w 10 I f (string)925 5616 w 10 R f ( -)1 437(- newline)1 1036 2 1440 5616 t (After skipping initial blanks,)3 1159 1 1296 5772 t 10 I f (string)2483 5772 w 10 R f (\(rest of the line\) is read in copy mode and written on the)12 2294 1 2746 5772 t (standard error.)1 581 1 1296 5892 t 10 I f (Troff)1927 5892 w 10 R f (or)2153 5892 w 10 I f (nroff)2261 5892 w 10 R f (then exit.)1 372 1 2481 5892 t 10 C f (.ig)720 6048 w 10 I f (yy)925 6048 w 10 R f (-)1440 6048 w 10 I f (.yy=)2160 6048 w 10 C f (..)2341 6048 w 10 R f (-)2880 6048 w (Ignore input lines.)2 744 1 1296 6204 t 10 C f (ig)2097 6204 w 10 R f (behaves exactly like)2 823 1 2249 6204 t 10 C f (de)3104 6204 w 10 R f ( The)1 213( discarded.)1 440(\(\2477\) except that the input is)5 1131 3 3256 6204 t (input is read in copy mode, and any auto-incremented registers will be affected.)12 3182 1 1296 6324 t 10 C f (.lf)720 6480 w 10 I f (N \256lename)1 430 1 925 6480 t 10 R f (- -)1 753 1 2160 6480 t (Set line number to)3 769 1 1296 6636 t 10 I f (N)2101 6636 w 10 R f (and \256lename to)2 638 1 2204 6636 t 10 I f (f ilename)1 352 1 2878 6636 t 10 R f ( messages,)1 439(for purposes of subsequent error)4 1335 2 3266 6636 t ( number register [sic])3 871(etc. The)1 351 2 1296 6756 t 10 CW f (.F)2548 6756 w 10 R f ( as set by com-)4 615(contains the name of the current input \256le,)7 1727 2 2698 6756 t (mand line argument,)2 840 1 1296 6876 t 10 CW f (so)2169 6876 w 10 R f (,)2289 6876 w 10 CW f (nx)2347 6876 w 10 R f (, or)1 141 1 2467 6876 t 10 CW f (lf)2641 6876 w 10 R f ( number register)2 670(. The)1 238 2 2761 6876 t 10 CW f (.c)3702 6876 w 10 R f (contains the number of input)4 1185 1 3855 6876 t (lines read from the current \256le, again perhaps as modi\256ed by)10 2426 1 1296 6996 t 10 CW f (lf)3747 6996 w 10 R f (.)3867 6996 w 10 C f (.pm)720 7152 w 10 I f (t)925 7152 w 10 R f ( -)1 653(- all)1 820 2 1440 7152 t ( and sizes of all of the de\256ned macros and strings are printed on the)14 2723( names)1 281( The)1 206(Print macros.)1 534 4 1296 7308 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 26 28 %%Page: 27 29 /saveobj save def mark 29 pagesetup 10 R f (- 27 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (standard error; if)2 676 1 1296 840 t 10 I f (t)2000 840 w 10 R f ( is given in blocks)4 736( sizes)1 222( The)1 208(is given, only the total of the sizes is printed.)9 1818 4 2056 840 t (of 128 characters.)2 711 1 1296 960 t 10 C f (.fl)720 1116 w 10 R f (- - B)2 1507 1 1440 1116 t ( output, including any pending position information.)6 2095( Force)1 277(Flush output buffer.)2 797 3 1296 1272 t 10 B f ( and Error Messages.)3 910(21. Output)1 487 2 720 1512 t 10 R f (The output from)2 659 1 970 1668 t 10 C f (tm)1656 1668 w 10 R f (,)1776 1668 w 10 C f (pm)1828 1668 w 10 R f ( from)1 222(, and the prompt)3 661 2 1948 1668 t 10 C f (rd)2859 1668 w 10 R f (, as well as various error messages are written onto)9 2061 1 2979 1668 t ( default,)1 331( By)1 172( latter is different from the standard output, where formatted text goes.)11 2869( The)1 210(the standard error.)2 738 5 720 1788 t (both are written onto the user's terminal, but they can be independently redirected.)12 3299 1 720 1908 t ( occur during the operation of)5 1194(Various error conditions may)3 1173 2 970 2064 t 10 I f (nroff)3363 2064 w 10 R f (and)3584 2064 w 10 I f (troff)3754 2064 w 10 R f ( less serious errors)3 743(. Certain)1 370 2 3927 2064 t ( examples are)2 564( Two)1 241( local impact do not cause processing to terminate.)8 2086(having only)1 484 4 720 2184 t 10 I f (word over\257ow)1 583 1 4128 2184 t 10 R f (, caused)1 329 1 4711 2184 t ( into the word buffer \(in \256ll mode\), and)8 1613(by a word that is too large to \256t)8 1287 2 720 2304 t 10 I f (line over\257ow)1 524 1 3650 2304 t 10 R f (, caused by an output)4 866 1 4174 2304 t ( both cases, a message is printed, the offending excess is)10 2287( In)1 137(line that grew too large to \256t in the line buffer.)10 1896 3 720 2424 t ( affected word or line is marked at the point of truncation with a)13 2663(discarded, and the)2 737 2 720 2544 t 10 S f (*)4153 2544 w 10 R f (in)4236 2544 w 10 I f (nroff)4347 2544 w 10 R f (and a)1 221 1 4575 2544 t 10 S1 f ()4829 2544 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_lh { pop gsave size .0022 mul dup scale currentpoint translate 16 177 moveto 16 188 lineto 21 193 lineto 30 193 lineto 34 189 lineto 36 183 lineto 36 180 lineto 34 174 lineto 27 170 lineto 19 172 lineto 16 177 lineto stroke 38 194 moveto 38 196 lineto 53 199 lineto 68 201 lineto 83 202 lineto 98 203 lineto 113 204 lineto 128 204 lineto 143 205 lineto 158 205 lineto 173 205 lineto 188 204 lineto 203 203 lineto 218 202 lineto 233 200 lineto 248 198 lineto 263 196 lineto 278 194 lineto 293 190 lineto 308 186 lineto 323 181 lineto 338 176 lineto 353 168 lineto 361 162 lineto 364 153 lineto 366 138 lineto 367 126 lineto 368 106 lineto 369 80 lineto 369 74 lineto 368 60 lineto 367 54 lineto 362 43 lineto 348 34 lineto 333 28 lineto 318 25 lineto 303 26 lineto 288 29 lineto 273 31 lineto 258 32 lineto 243 32 lineto 228 30 lineto 213 27 lineto 198 24 lineto 183 23 lineto 168 23 lineto 153 27 lineto 148 34 lineto 148 47 lineto 153 54 lineto 168 58 lineto 183 58 lineto 198 58 lineto 213 59 lineto 226 60 lineto 228 62 lineto 228 67 lineto 223 71 lineto 208 71 lineto 193 70 lineto 178 70 lineto 163 70 lineto 148 70 lineto 133 71 lineto 123 76 lineto 120 84 lineto 120 91 lineto 122 98 lineto 129 104 lineto 144 106 lineto 159 107 lineto 174 107 lineto 189 107 lineto 202 108 lineto 204 110 lineto 204 117 lineto 201 119 lineto 186 119 lineto 171 119 lineto 156 119 lineto 141 119 lineto 126 119 lineto 111 121 lineto 103 128 lineto 101 137 lineto 101 142 lineto 103 150 lineto 111 158 lineto 126 161 lineto 141 161 lineto 156 162 lineto 171 163 lineto 186 163 lineto 191 165 lineto 192 167 lineto 192 171 lineto 190 174 lineto 176 175 lineto 161 175 lineto 146 175 lineto 131 174 lineto 116 174 lineto 101 174 lineto 86 173 lineto 71 172 lineto 56 171 lineto 41 171 lineto 41 174 lineto 43 178 lineto 43 187 lineto 38 194 lineto stroke 373 169 moveto 373 176 lineto 375 182 lineto 386 190 lineto 401 193 lineto 408 191 lineto 411 185 lineto 412 181 lineto 414 167 lineto 415 158 lineto 416 144 lineto 417 128 lineto 418 110 lineto 418 60 lineto 417 45 lineto 415 37 lineto 409 34 lineto 394 31 lineto 381 35 lineto 379 42 lineto 379 52 lineto 380 67 lineto 380 77 lineto 379 77 lineto 378 106 lineto 377 121 lineto 376 133 lineto 375 147 lineto 374 158 lineto 373 169 lineto stroke grestore } def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 S1 f 4829 2544 m 100 build_lh 4929 2544 m 10 R f (in)4962 2544 w 10 I f (troff)720 2664 w 10 R f ( output useful for debugging may be produced.)7 1917( continues if possible, on the grounds that)7 1715(. Processing)1 515 3 893 2664 t ( a message is printed, along with a list of the macro)11 2185(If a serious error occurs, processing terminates, and)7 2135 2 720 2784 t ( of serious errors include the inability to create, read, or write \256les, and)13 2924( Examples)1 452(names currently active.)2 944 3 720 2904 t (the exceeding of certain internal limits that make future output unlikely to be useful.)13 3368 1 720 3024 t 10 B f ( Language)1 448(22. Output)1 487 2 720 3264 t 10 I f (Troff)970 3420 w 10 R f ( independent of any speci\256c output device, except that)8 2219(produces its output in a language that is)7 1620 2 1201 3420 t ( and)1 172(the numbers in it have been computed on the basis of the resolution of the device, and the sizes, fonts,)19 4148 2 720 3540 t ( it is quite possible to interpret that output on a different)11 2290( Nevertheless)1 570(characters that that device can print.)5 1460 3 720 3660 t (device, within the latter's capabilities.)4 1520 1 720 3780 t 10 CW f (s)978 3936 w 10 I f (n)1046 3936 w 10 R f (set point size to)3 625 1 1474 3936 t 10 I f (n)2124 3936 w 10 CW f (f)978 4056 w 10 I f (n)1046 4056 w 10 R f (set font to)2 400 1 1474 4056 t 10 I f (n)1899 4056 w 10 CW f (c)978 4176 w 10 I f (c)1046 4176 w 10 R f (print)1474 4176 w 9 R f (ASCII)1688 4176 w 10 R f (character)1948 4176 w 10 I f (c)2337 4176 w 10 CW f (C)978 4296 w 10 I f (xx)1046 4296 w 10 R f (print character)1 578 1 1474 4296 t 10 I f (xx)2077 4296 w 10 R f (; terminate)1 455 1 2165 4296 t 10 I f (xx)2645 4296 w 10 R f (by white space)2 593 1 2758 4296 t 10 CW f (N)978 4416 w 10 I f (n)1046 4416 w 10 R f (print character)1 578 1 1474 4416 t 10 I f (n)2077 4416 w 10 R f (on current font)2 593 1 2152 4416 t 10 CW f (H)978 4536 w 10 I f (n)1046 4536 w 10 R f (go to absolute horizontal position)4 1339 1 1474 4536 t 10 I f (n)2838 4536 w 10 R f (\()2913 4536 w 10 I f (n)2946 4536 w 10 S f (\263)3020 4536 w 10 R f (0\))3091 4536 w 10 CW f (V)978 4656 w 10 I f (n)1046 4656 w 10 R f (go to absolute vertical position)4 1233 1 1474 4656 t 10 I f (n)2732 4656 w 10 R f (\()2807 4656 w 10 I f (n)2840 4656 w 10 S f (\263)2914 4656 w 10 R f (0, down is positive\))3 789 1 2985 4656 t 10 CW f (h)978 4776 w 10 I f (n)1046 4776 w 10 R f (go)1474 4776 w 10 I f (n)1599 4776 w 10 R f (units horizontally;)1 731 1 1674 4776 t 10 I f (n)2430 4776 w 10 S f (<)2504 4776 w 10 R f (0 is to the left)4 550 1 2575 4776 t 10 CW f (v)978 4896 w 10 I f (n)1046 4896 w 10 R f (go)1474 4896 w 10 I f (n)1599 4896 w 10 R f (units vertically;)1 625 1 1674 4896 t 10 I f (n)2324 4896 w 10 S f (<)2398 4896 w 10 R f (0 is up)2 267 1 2469 4896 t 10 I f (nnc)970 5016 w 10 R f (move right)1 436 1 1474 5016 t 10 I f (nn)1935 5016 w 10 R f (, then print)2 436 1 2035 5016 t 9 R f (ASCII)2496 5016 w 10 R f (character)2756 5016 w 10 I f (c)3145 5016 w 10 R f (;)3189 5016 w 10 I f (nn)3267 5016 w 10 R f (must be exactly 2 digits)4 950 1 3392 5016 t 10 CW f (p)978 5136 w 10 I f (n)1046 5136 w 10 R f (new page)1 379 1 1474 5136 t 10 I f (n)1878 5136 w 10 R f (begins\320set vertical position to 0)4 1322 1 1953 5136 t 10 CW f (n)978 5256 w 10 I f (b a)1 141 1 1046 5256 t 10 R f (end of line \(information only\320no action\);)5 1690 1 1474 5256 t 10 I f (b)3214 5256 w 10 R f (= space before line,)3 781 1 3289 5256 t 10 I f (a)4095 5256 w 10 R f (= after)1 263 1 4170 5256 t 10 CW f (w)978 5376 w 10 R f (paddable word space \(information only\320no action\))5 2071 1 1474 5376 t 10 CW f (D)978 5496 w 10 I f (c)1046 5496 w 10 R f ( function)1 358(...\\n graphics)1 697 2 1115 5496 t 10 I f (c)2195 5496 w 10 R f (; see below)2 449 1 2239 5496 t 10 CW f (x)978 5616 w 10 R f ( control functions; see below)4 1154(...\\n device)1 671 2 1063 5616 t 10 CW f (#)978 5736 w 10 R f (...\\n comment)1 783 1 1063 5736 t ( tabs)1 188( Blanks,)1 355( that end in digits must be followed by a non-digit.)10 2045( Sequences)1 473( values are in units.)4 782(All position)1 477 6 720 5892 t ( may occur as separators in the input, and are mandatory to separate constructions that would)15 3790(and newlines)1 530 2 720 6012 t ( and comments extend to the end of)7 1493( functions, device control functions,)4 1473( Graphics)1 419(otherwise be confused.)2 935 4 720 6132 t (the line they occur on.)4 890 1 720 6252 t ( and graphics commands are intended as open-ended families, to be expanded as)12 3308(The device control)2 762 2 970 6408 t ( graphics functions coincide directly with the)6 1803(needed. The)1 512 2 720 6528 t 10 CW f (\\D)3060 6528 w 10 R f (sequences:)3205 6528 w 10 CW f (Dl)978 6684 w 10 I f (dh dv)1 219 1 1123 6684 t 10 R f (draw line from current position by)5 1373 1 2194 6684 t 10 I f (dh)3592 6684 w 10 R f (,)3700 6684 w 10 I f (dv)3766 6684 w 10 CW f (Dc)978 6804 w 10 I f (d)1123 6804 w 10 R f (draw circle of diameter)3 927 1 2194 6804 t 10 I f (d)3146 6804 w 10 R f (with left side here)3 718 1 3221 6804 t 10 CW f (De)978 6924 w 10 I f (dh)1123 6924 w 7 R f (1)1234 6944 w 10 I f (dv)1318 6924 w 7 R f (2)1423 6944 w 10 R f (draw ellipse of diameters)3 1006 1 2194 6924 t 10 I f (dh)3225 6924 w 7 R f (1)3336 6944 w 10 R f (and)3404 6924 w 10 I f (dv)3573 6924 w 7 R f (2)3678 6944 w 10 CW f (Da)978 7044 w 10 I f (dh)1139 7044 w 7 R f (1)1250 7064 w 10 I f (dv)1334 7044 w 7 R f (1)1439 7064 w 10 I f (dh)1523 7044 w 7 R f (2)1634 7064 w 10 I f (dv)1718 7044 w 7 R f (2)1823 7064 w 10 R f (draw arc from current position to)5 1322 1 2194 7044 t 10 I f (dh)3541 7044 w 7 R f (1)3652 7064 w 10 S f (+)3711 7044 w 10 I f (dh)3782 7044 w 7 R f (2)3893 7064 w 10 R f (,)3944 7044 w 10 I f (dv)4010 7044 w 7 R f (1)4115 7064 w 10 S f (+)4174 7044 w 10 I f (dv)4245 7044 w 7 R f (2)4350 7064 w 10 R f (,)4393 7044 w (center at)1 340 1 2269 7164 t 10 I f (dh)2634 7164 w 7 R f (1)2745 7184 w 10 R f (,)2796 7164 w 10 I f (dv)2862 7164 w 7 R f (1)2967 7184 w 10 R f (from current position)2 849 1 3035 7164 t 10 CW f (D\304)978 7284 w 10 I f (dh)1139 7284 w 7 R f (1)1250 7304 w 10 I f (dv)1334 7284 w 7 R f (1)1439 7304 w 10 I f (dh)1523 7284 w 7 R f (2)1634 7304 w 10 I f (dv)1718 7284 w 7 R f (2)1823 7304 w 10 R f ( B-spline from current position to)5 1341(... draw)1 502 2 1891 7284 t 10 I f (dh)3759 7284 w 7 R f (1)3870 7304 w 10 R f (,)3921 7284 w 10 I f (dv)3987 7284 w 7 R f (1)4092 7304 w 10 R f (,)4135 7284 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 27 29 %%Page: 28 30 /saveobj save def mark 30 pagesetup 10 R f (- 28 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (then to)1 275 1 2269 840 t 10 I f (dh)2569 840 w 7 R f (2)2680 860 w 10 R f (,)2731 840 w 10 I f (dv)2797 840 w 7 R f (2)2902 860 w 10 R f (, then to ...)3 425 1 2945 840 t 10 CW f (D)978 960 w 10 I f (z dh)1 180 1 1046 960 t 7 R f (1)1237 980 w 10 I f (dv)1321 960 w 7 R f (1)1426 980 w 10 I f (dh)1510 960 w 7 R f (2)1621 980 w 10 I f (dv)1705 960 w 7 R f (2)1810 980 w 10 R f ( any other)2 399(... for)1 432 2 1878 960 t 10 I f (z)2734 960 w 10 R f (is uninterpreted)1 624 1 2798 960 t (In all of these,)3 589 1 720 1116 t 10 I f (dh)1340 1116 w 10 R f (,)1448 1116 w 10 I f (dv)1514 1116 w 10 R f ( position, with down and right)5 1241(is an increment on the current horizontal and vertical)8 2160 2 1639 1116 t ( distances and dimensions are in units.)6 1535(positive. All)1 520 2 720 1236 t (The device control functions begin with)5 1595 1 970 1392 t 10 CW f (x)2590 1392 w 10 R f (, then a command, then other parameters.)6 1649 1 2650 1392 t 10 CW f (x T)1 180 1 970 1548 t 10 I f (s)1210 1548 w 10 R f (name of typesetter is)3 829 1 1546 1548 t 10 I f (s)2400 1548 w 10 C f (x r)1 180 1 970 1668 t 10 I f (n h v)2 194 1 1210 1668 t 10 R f (resolution is)1 492 1 1546 1668 t 10 I f (n)2063 1668 w 10 R f (units/inch;)2138 1668 w 10 I f (h)2681 1668 w 10 R f (= minimum horizontal motion,)3 1235 1 2756 1668 t 10 I f (v)4016 1668 w 10 R f (= minimum vertical)2 795 1 4085 1668 t 10 C f (x i)1 180 1 970 1788 t 10 R f (initialize)1546 1788 w 10 C f (x f)1 180 1 970 1908 t 10 I f (n s)1 114 1 1210 1908 t 10 R f (mount font)1 442 1 1546 1908 t 10 I f (s)2013 1908 w 10 R f (on font position)2 634 1 2077 1908 t 10 I f (n)2736 1908 w 10 C f (x p)1 180 1 970 2028 t 10 R f (pause\320can restart)1 739 1 1546 2028 t 10 C f (x s)1 180 1 970 2148 t 10 R f (stop\320done forever)1 773 1 1546 2148 t 10 C f (x t)1 180 1 970 2268 t 10 R f (generate trailer information, if any)4 1377 1 1546 2268 t 10 C f (x H)1 180 1 970 2388 t 10 I f (n)1210 2388 w 10 R f (set character height to)3 878 1 1546 2388 t 10 I f (n)2449 2388 w 10 C f (x S)1 180 1 970 2508 t 10 I f (n)1210 2508 w 10 R f (set slant to)2 428 1 1546 2508 t 10 I f (n)1999 2508 w 10 C f (x X)1 180 1 970 2628 t 10 I f (any)1210 2628 w 10 R f (generated by the)2 659 1 1546 2628 t 10 C f (\\X)2230 2628 w 10 R f (function)2375 2628 w 10 C f (x)970 2748 w 10 I f (any)1090 2748 w 10 R f (to be ignored if not recognized)5 1228 1 1546 2748 t (Subcommands like ``)2 855 1 720 2904 t 10 CW f (i)1575 2904 w 10 R f ('' may be spelled out like ``)6 1109 1 1635 2904 t 10 CW f (init)2744 2904 w 10 R f (''.)2984 2904 w (The commands)1 618 1 970 3060 t 10 CW f (x T)1 185 1 1618 3060 t 10 R f (,)1803 3060 w 10 CW f (x r)1 186 1 1858 3060 t 10 R f (..., and)1 275 1 2110 3060 t 10 CW f (x i)1 186 1 2416 3060 t 10 R f (must occur \256rst; fonts must be mounted before they can be)10 2407 1 2633 3060 t (used;)720 3180 w 10 CW f (x s)1 180 1 956 3180 t 10 R f ( are no other order requirements.)5 1307( There)1 282(comes last.)1 444 3 1161 3180 t ( is the output from ``)5 850(The following)1 572 2 970 3336 t 10 CW f (hello, world)1 689 1 2392 3336 t 10 R f ('' for a typical Postscript printer, as described in)8 1959 1 3081 3336 t (\24723:)720 3456 w 9 CW f (x T post)2 432 1 1008 3626 t (x res 720 1 1)4 702 1 1008 3736 t (x init)1 324 1 1008 3846 t (V0)1008 3956 w (p1)1008 4066 w (x font 1 R)3 540 1 1008 4296 t (x font 2 I)3 540 1 1008 4406 t (x font 3 B)3 540 1 1008 4516 t (x font 4 BI)3 594 1 1008 4626 t (x font 5 CW)3 594 1 1008 4736 t (x font 6 H)3 540 1 1008 4846 t (x font 7 HB)3 594 1 1008 4956 t (x font 8 HX)3 594 1 1008 5066 t (x font 9 S1)3 594 1 1008 5176 t (x font 10 S)3 594 1 1008 5286 t (s10)1008 5516 w (f1)1008 5626 w (H0)1008 5736 w (s10)1008 5846 w (f1)1008 5956 w (V0)1008 6066 w (H720)1008 6176 w (V120)1008 6286 w (ch)1008 6396 w (50e44l28l28o50,w58w72o50r33l28dn120 0)1 1998 1 1008 6506 t (x trailer)1 486 1 1008 6616 t (V7920)1008 6726 w (x stop)1 324 1 1008 6836 t 10 I f (Troff)970 7052 w 10 R f ( information are not)3 865(output is normally not redundant; size and font changes and position)10 2957 2 1218 7052 t ( the bene\256t of postprocessors that re-)6 1487( each page is self-contained, for)5 1283( Nevertheless,)1 593(included unless needed.)2 957 4 720 7172 t (order pages or process only a subset.)6 1466 1 720 7292 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 28 30 %%Page: 29 31 /saveobj save def mark 31 pagesetup 10 R f (- 29 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 10 B f ( and Font Description Files)4 1156(23. Device)1 457 2 720 840 t 10 R f (The parameters that describe a output device)6 2258 1 970 996 t 10 I f (name)3332 996 w 10 R f (are read from the directory)4 1388 1 3652 996 t 10 CW f (/usr/lib/font/dev)720 1116 w 10 I f (name)1740 1116 w 10 R f (, each time)2 445 1 1956 1116 t 10 I f (troff)2431 1116 w 10 R f ( device name is provided by default, by the)8 1754( The)1 209(is invoked.)1 443 3 2634 1116 t (environment variable)1 851 1 720 1236 t 10 CW f (TYPESETTER)1596 1236 w 10 R f (, or by a command-line argument)5 1331 1 2196 1236 t 10 CW f (-T)3552 1236 w 10 I f (name)3672 1236 w 10 R f ( name is)2 335( default device)2 587(. The)1 230 3 3888 1236 t 10 CW f (post)720 1356 w 10 R f ( string)1 261( pre-de\256ned)1 488( The)1 214(, for Postscript.)2 629 4 960 1356 t 10 CW f (.T)2585 1356 w 10 R f ( The)1 213(contains the name of the device.)5 1326 2 2738 1356 t 10 CW f (-F)4310 1356 w 10 R f (command-line)4463 1356 w (option may be used to change the default directory.)8 2049 1 720 1476 t 10 BI f ( description \256le.)2 677(23.1. Device)1 526 2 720 1632 t 10 R f (The \256le)1 317 1 2007 1632 t 10 CW f (DESC)2359 1632 w 10 R f (in)2634 1632 w 10 CW f (/usr/lib/font/dev)2747 1632 w 10 I f (name)3767 1632 w 10 R f (contains general parame-)2 1022 1 4018 1632 t ( the device, one per line, as a sequence of names and values.)12 2455(ters of)1 257 2 720 1752 t 10 I f (Troff)3486 1752 w 10 R f (recognizes these parameters, and)3 1324 1 3716 1752 t (ignores any others that may be present for speci\256c drivers:)9 2337 1 720 1872 t 10 CW f (fonts)978 2028 w 10 I f (n F)1 152 1 1319 2028 t 7 R f (1)1482 2048 w 10 I f (F)1566 2028 w 7 R f (2)1638 2048 w 10 I f ( F)1 102(. . .)2 91 2 1722 2028 t 7 I f (n)1926 2048 w 10 CW f (sizes)978 2148 w 10 I f (s)1319 2148 w 7 R f (1)1369 2168 w 10 I f (s)1453 2148 w 7 R f (2)1503 2168 w 10 I f (. . .)2 91 1 1587 2148 t 10 CW f (0)1694 2148 w (res)978 2268 w 10 I f (n)1199 2268 w 10 CW f (hor)978 2388 w 10 I f (n)1199 2388 w 10 CW f (vert)978 2508 w 10 I f (n)1259 2508 w 10 CW f (unitwidth)978 2628 w 10 I f (n)1559 2628 w 10 CW f (charset)978 2748 w 10 I f (list of multi-character character names \(optional\))5 1996 1 970 2868 t 10 R f (The)720 3024 w 10 I f (F)902 3024 w 7 I f (i)974 3044 w 10 R f ( list of sizes is a set of integers representing some or all)12 2244( The)1 208( mounted.)1 403(are font names to be initially)5 1156 4 1029 3024 t ( The)1 209(of the legal sizes the device can produce, terminated by a zero.)11 2545 2 720 3144 t 10 CW f (res)3503 3144 w 10 R f ( resolution of)2 539(parameter gives the)2 789 2 3712 3144 t (the machine in units per inch;)5 1190 1 720 3264 t 10 CW f (hor)1936 3264 w 10 R f (and)2142 3264 w 10 CW f (ver)2312 3264 w 10 R f ( be moved horizon-)3 785(give the minimum number of units that can)7 1737 2 2518 3264 t (tally and vertically.)2 774 1 720 3384 t ( be given in machine units at point size)8 1608(Character widths for each font are assumed to)7 1866 2 970 3540 t 10 CW f (unitwidth)4475 3540 w 10 R f (.)5015 3540 w (\(In other words, a character with a width of)8 1731 1 720 3660 t 10 I f (n)2476 3660 w 10 R f (is)2551 3660 w 10 I f (n)2643 3660 w 10 R f (units wide at size)3 691 1 2718 3660 t 10 CW f (unitwidth)3434 3660 w 10 R f (.\))3974 3660 w (A list of valid character names may be introduced by)9 2115 1 970 3816 t 10 CW f (charset)3110 3816 w 10 R f (; the list of names is optional.)6 1181 1 3530 3816 t (A line whose \256rst non-blank character is)6 1685 1 970 3972 t 10 CW f (#)2691 3972 w 10 R f ( that)1 187( Except)1 338(is a comment.)2 580 3 2787 3972 t 10 CW f (charset)3929 3972 w 10 R f (must occur last,)2 654 1 4386 3972 t (parameters may appear in any order.)5 1456 1 720 4092 t (Here is a subset of the)5 884 1 970 4248 t 10 CW f (DESC)1879 4248 w 10 R f (\256le for a typical Postscript printer:)5 1374 1 2144 4248 t 9 CW f (# Description file for Postscript printers.)5 2322 1 1008 4418 t (fonts 10 R I B BI CW H HB HX S1 S)11 1782 1 1008 4638 t (sizes 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23)20 3186 1 1008 4748 t (24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 40 44 48 54 60 72 0)20 3294 1 1170 4858 t (res 720)1 378 1 1008 4968 t (hor 1)1 270 1 1008 5078 t (vert 1)1 324 1 1008 5188 t (unitwidth 10)1 648 1 1008 5298 t (charset)1008 5408 w (hy ct fi fl ff Fi Fl dg em 14 34 12 en aa)13 2214 1 1008 5518 t (ga ru sc dd -> br Sl ps cs cy as os =. ld)13 2214 1 1008 5628 t (rd le ge pp -+ ob vr)6 1080 1 1008 5738 t (sq bx ci fa te ** pl mi eq \304= *A *B *X *D)13 2214 1 1008 5848 t (*E *F *G *Y *I *K *L *M *N *O *P *R *H *S *T *U *W)16 2700 1 1008 5958 t (*C *Q *Z ul rn *a *b *x *d *e *f *g *y *i *k)14 2376 1 1008 6068 t (*l *m *n *o *p *h *r *s *t *u *w *c *q *z)13 2214 1 1008 6178 t 10 BI f ( description \256les.)2 716(23.2. Font)1 451 2 720 6394 t 10 R f ( an analogous description \256le, which begins with)7 2024(Each font is described by)4 1045 2 1971 6394 t ( \256le for font)3 528( The)1 221( font, one per line, followed by a list of characters and widths.)12 2668(parameters of the)2 726 4 720 6514 t 10 I f (f)4904 6514 w 10 R f (is)4973 6514 w 10 CW f (/usr/lib/font/dev)720 6634 w 10 I f (name)1740 6634 w 10 CW f (/)1956 6634 w 10 I f (f)2016 6634 w 10 R f (.)2044 6634 w 10 CW f (name)978 6790 w 10 I f (str)1259 6790 w 10 R f (name of font is)3 602 1 2194 6790 t 10 I f (str)2821 6790 w 10 CW f (ligatures)978 6910 w 10 I f (. . .)2 125 1 1559 6910 t 10 CW f (0)1733 6910 w 10 R f (list of ligatures)2 600 1 2194 6910 t 10 CW f (spacewidth)978 7030 w 10 I f (n)1619 7030 w 10 R f (width of a space on this font)6 1132 1 2194 7030 t 10 CW f (special)978 7150 w 10 R f (this is a special font)4 794 1 2194 7150 t 10 CW f (charset)978 7270 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 29 31 %%Page: 30 32 /saveobj save def mark 32 pagesetup 10 R f (- 30 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 10 I f (list of character name, width, ascender/descender, code)6 2233 1 970 840 t 10 R f (The)720 996 w 10 CW f (name)908 996 w 10 R f (and)1181 996 w 10 CW f (charset)1358 996 w 10 R f (\256elds are mandatory;)2 859 1 1811 996 t 10 CW f (charset)2703 996 w 10 R f ( are permitted, as are)4 869( Comments)1 493(must be last.)2 521 3 3157 996 t (other unrecognized parameters.)2 1254 1 720 1116 t (Each line following)2 824 1 970 1272 t 10 CW f (charset)1837 1272 w 10 R f ( its width in units as described)6 1325(describes one character: its name,)4 1415 2 2300 1272 t ( octal or hexadecimal value by which the output)8 2047(above, ascender/descender information, and a decimal,)5 2273 2 720 1392 t (device knows it \(the)3 846 1 720 1512 t 10 CW f (\\N)1604 1512 w 10 R f ( character name is arbitrary, except that)6 1659( The)1 219(``number'' of the character\).)3 1181 3 1762 1512 t 10 CW f (---)4860 1512 w 10 R f ( the width \256eld contains)4 973( If)1 119(signi\256es an unnamed character.)3 1267 3 720 1632 t 10 CW f (")3107 1632 w 10 R f ( a synonym for the previous char-)6 1359(, the name is)3 514 2 3167 1632 t ( baseline, like)2 560( ascender/descender \256eld is 1 if the character has a descender \(hangs below the)13 3187(acter. The)1 426 3 720 1752 t 10 CW f (y)4922 1752 w 10 R f (\),)4982 1752 w ( like)1 176(is 2 if it has an ascender \(is tall,)8 1278 2 720 1872 t 10 CW f (Y)2200 1872 w 10 R f ( value is returned in the)5 945( The)1 206(\), is 3 if both, and is 0 if neither.)9 1297 3 2260 1872 t 10 CW f (ct)4734 1872 w 10 R f (reg-)4880 1872 w (ister, as computed by the)4 996 1 720 1992 t 10 CW f (\\w)1741 1992 w 10 R f (function \(\24711.2\).)1 674 1 1886 1992 t (Here are excerpts from a typical font description \256le for the same Postscript printer.)13 3343 1 970 2148 t 9 CW f ( \\\(hy)1 270( hyphen)1 648( 45)1 486(hy 33 0)2 918 4 1008 2318 t ( is a synonym for \\\(hy)5 1188( -)1 1296(- ")1 486 3 1008 2428 t ( 81)1 486( 3)1 378(Q 72)1 540 3 1008 2571 t ( 97)1 486( 0)1 378(a 44)1 540 3 1008 2714 t ( 98)1 486( 2)1 378(b 50)1 540 3 1008 2824 t ( 99)1 486( 0)1 378(c 44)1 540 3 1008 2934 t ( 100)1 540( 2)1 378(d 50)1 540 3 1008 3044 t ( 121)1 540( 1)1 378(y 50)1 540 3 1008 3154 t ( 208)1 540( 0)1 324(em 100)1 594 3 1008 3297 t ( pound currency symbol \\N'220')4 1620( English)1 648( 220)1 540( 2)1 378(--- 44)1 540 5 1008 3407 t ( dot \\N'221')2 648( centered)1 702( 221)1 540( 0)1 378(--- 36)1 540 5 1008 3517 t 10 R f (This says, for example, that the width of the letter)9 2016 1 720 3697 t 10 CW f (a)2764 3697 w 10 R f ( of)1 112(is 44 units at point size 10, the value)8 1482 2 2852 3697 t 10 CW f (unitwidth)4475 3697 w 10 R f (.)5015 3697 w ( rounded, so the width of)5 1004(Point sizes are scaled linearly and)5 1360 2 720 3817 t 10 CW f (a)3110 3817 w 10 R f (will be 44 at size 10, 40 at size 9, 35 at size 8,)13 1844 1 3196 3817 t (and so on.)2 408 1 720 3937 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 30 32 %%Page: 31 33 /saveobj save def mark 33 pagesetup 10 R f (- 31 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 12 B f (Tutorial Examples)1 959 1 2400 840 t 10 B f (Introduction)720 960 w 10 R f (It is almost always necessary to prepare at)7 1766 1 970 1116 t (least a small set of macro de\256nitions to describe a)9 2016 1 720 1236 t ( common formatting needs as)4 1314(document. Such)1 702 2 720 1356 t (page margins and footnotes are deliberately not)6 2016 1 720 1476 t (built into)1 375 1 720 1596 t 10 I f (nroff)1130 1596 w 10 R f (and)1361 1596 w 10 I f (troff)1541 1596 w 10 R f ( the macro and)3 623(. Instead,)1 399 2 1714 1596 t ( diversion, envi-)2 660(string de\256nition, number register,)3 1356 2 720 1716 t ( condi-)1 285(ronment switching, page-position trap, and)4 1731 2 720 1836 t ( the basis for)3 609(tional input mechanisms provide)3 1407 2 720 1956 t (user-de\256ned implementations.)1 1210 1 720 2076 t (For most uses, a standard package like)6 1557 1 970 2232 t 10 CW f (-ms)2556 2232 w 10 R f (or)720 2352 w 10 CW f (-mm)842 2352 w 10 R f ( is to)2 221( next stage)2 455( The)1 219(is the right choice.)3 780 4 1061 2352 t ( to selectively replace macros)4 1304(augment that, or)2 712 2 720 2472 t ( last stage, much)3 693( The)1 214( package.)1 385(from the standard)2 724 4 720 2592 t (harder, is to write one's own from scratch.)7 1693 1 720 2712 t (The examples discussed here are intended)5 1766 1 970 2868 t ( and somewhat realistic, but will not)6 1524(to be useful)2 492 2 720 2988 t ( contingencies.)1 664(necessarily cover all relevant)3 1352 2 720 3108 t ( the)1 181(Explicit numerical parameters are used in)5 1835 2 720 3228 t ( to illus-)2 338(examples to make them easier to read and)7 1678 2 720 3348 t ( many cases, number regis-)4 1097( In)1 135( values.)1 307(trate typical)1 477 4 720 3468 t ( reduce the number of)4 895(ters would really be used to)5 1121 2 720 3588 t ( and)1 184(places where numerical information is kept,)5 1832 2 720 3708 t ( initialization)1 538(to concentrate conditional parameter)3 1478 2 720 3828 t ( which depends on whether)4 1128(like that)1 335 2 720 3948 t 10 I f (troff)2217 3948 w 10 R f (or)2424 3948 w 10 I f (nroff)2541 3948 w 10 R f (is being used.)2 547 1 720 4068 t 10 B f (Page Margins)1 591 1 720 4308 t 10 R f ( in \2473, header and footer mac-)6 1241(As discussed)1 525 2 970 4464 t (ros are usually de\256ned to describe the top and bot-)9 2016 1 720 4584 t ( trap is)2 326( A)1 148(tom page margin areas respectively.)4 1542 3 720 4704 t ( 0 for the header, and at)6 1022(planted at page position)3 994 2 720 4824 t 10 I f (\261N)720 4944 w 10 R f (\()870 4944 w 10 I f (N)903 4944 w 10 R f ( The)1 213(from the page bottom\) for the footer.)6 1520 2 1003 4944 t (simplest such de\256nitions might be)4 1368 1 720 5064 t 9 CW f ( header)1 378( \\"define)1 540(.de hd)1 324 3 792 5234 t ('sp 1i)1 324 1 792 5344 t ( definition)1 594(.. \\"end)1 702 2 792 5454 t ( footer)1 378( \\"define)1 540(.de fo)1 324 3 792 5564 t ('bp)792 5674 w ( definition)1 594(.. \\"end)1 702 2 792 5784 t (.wh 0 hd)2 432 1 792 5894 t (.wh -1i fo)2 540 1 792 6004 t 10 R f ( blank 1 inch top and bottom mar-)7 1433(which provide)1 583 2 720 6184 t ( header will occur on the)5 994(gins. The)1 398 2 720 6304 t 10 I f (\256rst)2138 6304 w 10 R f (page, only)1 416 1 2320 6304 t (if the de\256nition and trap exist prior to the initial)9 2016 1 720 6424 t ( mode, the out-)3 611( \256ll)1 140( In)1 136(pseudo-page transition \(\2473\).)2 1129 4 720 6544 t ( that springs the footer trap was typically)7 1704(put line)1 312 2 720 6664 t ( because some part or whole word)6 1573(forced out)1 443 2 720 6784 t ( the footer and)3 669( anything in)2 536( If)1 145(didn't \256t on it.)3 666 4 720 6904 t ( follows causes a break, that word or)7 1561(header that)1 455 2 720 7024 t ( other)1 250( this and)2 377( In)1 152(part word will be forced out.)5 1237 4 720 7144 t (examples, requests like)2 949 1 720 7264 t 10 CW f (bp)1704 7264 w 10 R f (and)1859 7264 w 10 CW f (sp)2037 7264 w 10 R f (that normally)1 545 1 2191 7264 t ( invoked using the no-break con-)5 1352(cause breaks are)2 664 2 3024 960 t (trol character)1 589 1 3024 1080 t 10 CW f (')3699 1080 w 10 R f ( the)1 207( When)1 348(to avoid this.)2 640 3 3845 1080 t ( material requiring)2 793(header/footer design contains)2 1223 2 3024 1200 t ( the environment may)3 874(independent text processing,)2 1142 2 3024 1320 t (be switched, avoiding most interaction with the)6 2016 1 3024 1440 t (running text.)1 511 1 3024 1560 t (A more realistic example would be)5 1400 1 3274 1716 t 9 CW f ( \\"header)1 540(.de hd)1 324 2 3096 1886 t (.if \\\\n%>1 \\{\\)2 756 1 3096 1996 t ( base at 0.5i)3 702( \\"tl)1 486('sp 0.5i-1)1 594 3 3096 2106 t ( page number)2 648( \\"centered)1 702(.tl ''- % -'')3 702 3 3096 2216 t ( size)1 270(.ps \\"restore)1 918 2 3096 2326 t ( font)1 270(.ft \\"restore)1 918 2 3096 2436 t ( \\"restore vs)2 702(.vs \\})1 378 2 3096 2546 t ( to 1.0i)2 432( \\"space)1 756('sp 1.0i)1 486 3 3096 2656 t ( on no-space mode)3 918(.ns \\"turn)1 756 2 3096 2766 t (..)3096 2876 w ( \\"footer)1 540(.de fo)1 324 2 3096 2986 t ( footer/header size)2 1026( \\"set)1 378(.ps 10)1 324 3 3096 3096 t ( font)1 270( \\"set)1 432(.ft R)1 270 3 3096 3206 t (.vs 12p \\"set baseline spacing)4 1620 1 3096 3316 t (.if \\\\n%=1 \\{\\)2 756 1 3096 3426 t ( base 0.5i up)3 702('sp \\\\n\(.pu-0.5i-1 \\"tl)2 1350 2 3096 3536 t ( page number)2 648( \\"first)1 486(.tl ''- % -'' \\})4 864 3 3096 3646 t ('bp)3096 3756 w (..)3096 3866 w (.wh 0 hd)2 432 1 3096 3976 t (.wh -1i fo)2 540 1 3096 4086 t 10 R f ( spacing for)2 483(which sets the size, font, and baseline)6 1533 2 3024 4266 t ( material, and ultimately restores)4 1332(the header/footer)1 684 2 3024 4386 t ( in this case is a page number)7 1222( material)1 358(them. The)1 436 3 3024 4506 t ( and at the top of the)6 827(at the bottom of the \256rst page)6 1189 2 3024 4626 t ( The)1 207(remaining pages.)1 684 2 3024 4746 t 10 CW f (sp)3942 4746 w 10 R f ('s refer to absolute posi-)4 978 1 4062 4746 t ( baseline spac-)2 619(tions to avoid dependence on the)5 1397 2 3024 4866 t ( this in the footer is)5 795( reason for doing)3 688(ing. Another)1 533 3 3024 4986 t ( whose)1 282(that the footer is invoked by printing a line)8 1734 2 3024 5106 t ( trap position by)3 716(vertical spacing swept past the)4 1300 2 3024 5226 t ( No-)1 227(possibly as much as the baseline spacing.)6 1789 2 3024 5346 t (space mode is turned on at the end of)8 1486 1 3024 5466 t 10 CW f (hd)4536 5466 w 10 R f (to render)1 358 1 4682 5466 t (ineffective accidental occurrences of)3 1469 1 3024 5586 t 10 CW f (sp)4520 5586 w 10 R f (at the top)2 374 1 4666 5586 t (of the running text.)3 766 1 3024 5706 t ( method of restoring size, font,)5 1329(The above)1 437 2 3274 5862 t ( \(that set)2 362(etc., presupposes that such requests)4 1454 2 3024 5982 t 10 I f (pre-)4874 5982 w (vious)3024 6102 w 10 R f (value\) are)1 408 1 3272 6102 t 10 I f (not)3718 6102 w 10 R f ( A)1 135(used in the running text.)4 1021 2 3884 6102 t ( is save and restore both the current)7 1458(better scheme)1 558 2 3024 6222 t 10 I f (and)3024 6342 w 10 R f ( the fol-)2 336(previous values as shown for size in)6 1496 2 3208 6342 t (lowing:)3024 6462 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 31 33 %%Page: 32 34 /saveobj save def mark 34 pagesetup 10 R f (- 32 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.de fo)1 324 1 792 830 t ( size)1 270( \\"current)1 648(.nr s1 \\\\n\(.s)2 702 3 792 940 t (.ps)792 1050 w ( size)1 270( \\"previous)1 702(.nr s2 \\\\n\(.s)2 702 3 792 1160 t ( of footer)2 540(. --- \\"rest)2 756 2 792 1270 t (..)792 1380 w (.de hd)1 324 1 792 1490 t ( stuff)1 324(. --- \\"header)2 864 2 792 1600 t ( previous size)2 756( \\"restore)1 594(.ps \\\\n\(s2)1 540 3 792 1710 t ( current size)2 702( \\"restore)1 594(.ps \\\\n\(s1)1 540 3 792 1820 t (..)792 1930 w 10 R f ( mar-)1 221(Page numbers may be printed in the bottom)7 1795 2 720 2110 t ( the)1 182(gin by a separate macro triggered during)6 1834 2 720 2230 t (footer's page ejection:)2 892 1 720 2350 t 9 CW f ( number)1 378( \\"bottom)1 540(.de bn)1 324 3 792 2520 t ( page number)2 648( \\"centered)1 702(.tl ''- % -'')3 702 3 792 2630 t (..)792 2740 w ( base 0.5i up)3 702( \\"tl)1 324(.wh -0.5i-1v bn)2 810 3 792 2850 t 10 B f (Paragraphs and Headings)2 1113 1 720 3150 t 10 R f (The housekeeping associated with starting a)5 1766 1 970 3306 t ( should be collected in a paragraph)6 1421(new paragraph)1 595 2 720 3426 t (macro that, for example, does the desired prepara-)7 2016 1 720 3546 t ( font, size, base-)3 678(graph spacing, forces the correct)4 1338 2 720 3666 t ( and indent, checks that enough space)6 1511(line spacing,)1 505 2 720 3786 t (remains for)1 478 1 720 3906 t 10 I f (more than one)2 619 1 1244 3906 t 10 R f ( a)1 89(line, and requests)2 738 2 1909 3906 t (temporary indent.)1 710 1 720 4026 t 9 CW f ( \\"paragraph)1 810(.de pg)1 324 2 792 4196 t (.br \\"break)1 918 1 792 4306 t ( font,)1 324( \\"force)1 648(.ft R)1 270 3 792 4416 t ( \\"size,)1 594(.ps 10)1 324 2 792 4526 t ( \\"spacing,)1 702(.vs 12p)1 378 2 792 4636 t ( indent)1 378( \\"and)1 540(.in 0)1 270 3 792 4746 t ( \\"prespace)1 702(.sp 0.4)1 378 2 792 4856 t ( more than 1 line)4 918( \\"want)1 432(.ne 1+\\\\n\(.Vu)1 702 3 792 4966 t ( indent)1 378( \\"temp)1 810(.ti 0.2i)1 432 3 792 5076 t (..)792 5186 w 10 R f (The \256rst break in)3 712 1 720 5366 t 10 CW f (pg)1466 5366 w 10 R f (will force out any previous)4 1116 1 1620 5366 t (partial lines, and must occur before the)6 1621 1 720 5486 t 10 CW f (vs)2376 5486 w 10 R f (. The)1 240 1 2496 5486 t ( a defense against)3 778(forcing of font, etc. is partly)5 1238 2 720 5606 t ( to permit things like section)5 1162(prior error and partly)3 854 2 720 5726 t ( The)1 211( set parameters only once.)4 1063(heading macros to)2 742 3 720 5846 t (prespacing parameter is suitable for)4 1448 1 720 5966 t 10 I f (troff)2199 5966 w 10 R f (; a larger)2 364 1 2372 5966 t ( as the output device vertical)5 1180(space, at least as big)4 836 2 720 6086 t ( be more suitable in)4 832(resolution, would)1 712 2 720 6206 t 10 I f (nroff)2300 6206 w 10 R f (. The)1 241 1 2495 6206 t ( to test for in the)5 698(choice of remaining space)3 1065 2 720 6326 t 10 CW f (ne)2516 6326 w 10 R f (is)2669 6326 w ( amount greater than one line \(the)6 1383(the smallest)1 482 2 720 6446 t 10 CW f (.V)2616 6446 w 10 R f (is the available vertical resolution\).)4 1406 1 720 6566 t (A macro to automatically number section)5 1766 1 970 6722 t (headings might look like:)3 1020 1 720 6842 t 9 CW f ( \\"section)1 594(.de sc)1 324 2 3096 830 t ( font, etc.)2 594(. --- \\"force)2 810 2 3096 940 t (.sp 0.4 \\"prespace)2 972 1 3096 1050 t (.ne 2.4+\\\\n\(.Vu \\"want 2.4+ lines)4 1782 1 3096 1160 t (.fi)3096 1270 w (\\\\n+S.)3096 1380 w (..)3096 1490 w ( S)1 108( \\"init)1 702(.nr S 0 1)3 486 3 3096 1600 t 10 R f (The usage is)2 519 1 3024 1780 t 10 CW f (.sc)3578 1780 w 10 R f ( head-)1 257(, followed by the section)4 1025 2 3758 1780 t (ing text, followed by)3 908 1 3024 1900 t 10 CW f (.pg)3982 1900 w 10 R f (. The)1 255 1 4162 1900 t 10 CW f (ne)4467 1900 w 10 R f (test value)1 404 1 4636 1900 t ( line in the fol-)4 650(includes one line of heading, 0.4)5 1366 2 3024 2020 t (lowing)3024 2140 w 10 CW f (pg)3334 2140 w 10 R f ( A)1 128(, and one line of the paragraph text.)7 1458 2 3454 2140 t ( section number and a)4 904(word consisting of the next)4 1112 2 3024 2260 t ( The)1 208( line.)1 203(period is produced to begin the heading)6 1605 3 3024 2380 t (format of the number may be set by)7 1428 1 3024 2500 t 10 CW f (af)4477 2500 w 10 R f (\(\2478\).)4622 2500 w ( is the labeled,)3 739(Another common form)2 1027 2 3274 2656 t (indented paragraph, where the label protrudes left)6 2016 1 3024 2776 t (into the indent space.)3 849 1 3024 2896 t 9 CW f ( paragraph)1 540( \\"labeled)1 594(.de lp)1 324 3 3096 3066 t (.pg)3096 3176 w ( indent)1 378( \\"paragraph)1 1026(.in 0.5i)1 432 3 3096 3286 t ( paragraph)1 540( \\"label,)1 594(.ta 0.2i 0.5i)2 702 3 3096 3396 t (.ti 0)1 270 1 3096 3506 t ( into paragraph)2 810(\\t\\\\$1\\t\\c \\"flow)1 1188 2 3096 3616 t (..)3096 3726 w 10 R f (The intended usage is ``)4 1035 1 3024 3906 t 10 CW f (.lp)4059 3906 w 10 I f (label)4284 3906 w 10 R f ('';)4500 3906 w 10 I f (label)4639 3906 w 10 R f (will)4884 3906 w ( cannot exceed a length of)5 1104(begin at 0.2 inch, and)4 912 2 3024 4026 t ( into the paragraph.)3 875(0.3 inch without intruding)3 1141 2 3024 4146 t ( could be right adjusted against 0.4 inch)7 1635(The label)1 381 2 3024 4266 t (by setting the tabs instead with)5 2016 1 3024 4386 t 10 CW f (.ta 0.4iR 0.5i)2 840 1 3024 4506 t 10 R f ( line of)2 331( last)1 189(. The)1 255 3 3864 4506 t 10 CW f (lp)4688 4506 w 10 R f (ends)4857 4506 w (with)3024 4626 w 10 CW f (\\c)3238 4626 w 10 R f ( \256rst)1 193(so that it will become a part of the)8 1453 2 3394 4626 t (line of the text that follows.)5 1105 1 3024 4746 t 10 B f (Multiple Column Output)2 1074 1 3024 4986 t 10 R f ( of multiple column pages)4 1132(The production)1 634 2 3274 5142 t (requires the footer macro to decide whether it was)8 2016 1 3024 5262 t ( so that it)3 409(invoked by other than the last column,)6 1607 2 3024 5382 t ( a new column rather than produce the)7 1602(will begin)1 414 2 3024 5502 t ( header can initialize a col-)5 1162( The)1 221(bottom margin.)1 633 3 3024 5622 t ( that the footer will increment and)6 1491(umn register)1 525 2 3024 5742 t ( following is arranged for two columns,)6 1638(test. The)1 378 2 3024 5862 t (but is easily modi\256ed for more.)5 1255 1 3024 5982 t 9 CW f ( \\"header)1 540(.de hd)1 324 2 3096 6152 t (. ---)1 324 1 3096 6262 t ( column count)2 702( \\"init)1 648(.nr cl 0 1)3 540 3 3096 6372 t ( top of text)3 648(.mk \\"mark)1 756 2 3096 6482 t (..)3096 6592 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 32 34 %%Page: 33 35 /saveobj save def mark 35 pagesetup 10 R f (- 33 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f ( \\"footer)1 540(.de fo)1 324 2 792 830 t (.ie \\\\n+\(cl<2 \\{\\)2 918 1 792 940 t ( column; 3.1+0.3)2 864( \\"next)1 702(.po +3.4i)1 486 3 792 1050 t ( to mark)2 432(.rt \\"back)1 756 2 792 1160 t ( mode)1 270( \\"no-space)1 648(.ns \\})1 324 3 792 1270 t (.el \\{\\)1 378 1 792 1380 t ( left margin)2 648( \\"restore)1 864(.po \\\\nMu)1 486 3 792 1490 t (. ---)1 324 1 792 1600 t ('bp \\})1 324 1 792 1710 t (..)792 1820 w ( width)1 324( \\"column)1 864(.ll 3.1i)1 432 3 792 1930 t ( left margin)2 648( \\"save)1 540(.nr M \\\\n\(.o)2 648 3 792 2040 t 10 R f ( of the \256rst page)4 737(Typically a portion of the top)5 1279 2 720 2220 t ( text; the request for the nar-)6 1232(contains full width)2 784 2 720 2340 t ( as another)2 456(rower line length, as well)4 1056 2 720 2460 t 10 CW f (.mk)2269 2460 w 10 R f (would)2486 2460 w ( the two column output was to)6 1361(be made where)2 655 2 720 2580 t (begin.)720 2700 w 10 B f (Footnotes)720 2940 w 10 R f ( to be described is)4 757(The footnote mechanism)2 1009 2 970 3096 t ( text)1 179(used by embedding the footnotes in the input)7 1837 2 720 3216 t ( demarcated by an initial)4 1015(at the point of reference,)4 1001 2 720 3336 t 10 CW f (.fn)720 3456 w 10 R f (and a terminal)2 571 1 925 3456 t 10 CW f (.ef)1521 3456 w 10 R f (:)1701 3456 w 9 CW f (.fn)792 3626 w 9 I f (Footnote text and control lines...)4 1181 1 792 3736 t 9 CW f (.ef)792 3846 w 10 R f ( following, footnotes are processed in a sep-)7 1784(In the)1 232 2 720 4026 t ( for later printing)3 727(arate environment and diverted)3 1289 2 720 4146 t ( prior to the bottom mar-)5 1011(in the space immediately)3 1005 2 720 4266 t ( case where the last)4 783( is provision for the)4 795(gin. There)1 438 3 720 4386 t ( the)1 173(collected footnote doesn't completely \256t in)5 1843 2 720 4506 t (available space.)1 631 1 720 4626 t 9 CW f ( \\"header)1 540(.de hd)1 324 2 792 4796 t (. ---)1 324 1 792 4906 t ( footnote count)2 810( \\"init)1 702(.nr x 0 1)3 486 3 792 5016 t ( footer place)2 702( \\"current)1 702(.nr y 0-\\\\nb)2 648 3 792 5126 t ( footer trap)2 648( \\"reset)1 540(.ch fo -\\\\nbu)2 702 3 792 5236 t ( footnote)1 486( \\"leftover)1 648(.if \\\\n\(dn .fz)2 756 3 792 5346 t (..)792 5456 w ( \\"footer)1 540(.de fo)1 324 2 792 5686 t ( last diver. size)3 918( \\"zero)1 432(.nr dn 0)2 432 3 792 5796 t (.if \\\\nx \\{\\)2 648 1 792 5906 t ( footnotes in ev1)3 918( \\"expand)1 594(.ev 1)1 270 3 792 6016 t ( vertical size)2 756(.nf \\"retain)1 864 2 792 6126 t (.FN \\"footnotes)1 1026 1 792 6236 t ( it)1 162( \\"delete)1 540(.rm FN)1 324 3 792 6346 t ( overflow di)2 648( \\"end)1 378(.if "\\\\n\(.z"fy" .di)2 1026 3 792 6576 t (.nr x 0 \\"disable fx)4 1080 1 792 6686 t ( \\"pop environment)2 972(.ev \\})1 378 2 792 6796 t (. ---)1 324 1 792 6906 t ('bp)792 7016 w (..)792 7126 w ( footnote overflow)2 972( \\"process)1 594(.de fx)1 324 3 3096 830 t (.if \\\\nx .di fy \\"divert overflow)5 1782 1 3096 940 t (..)3096 1050 w ( footnote)1 486( \\"start)1 486(.de fn)1 324 3 3096 1280 t ( \(append\) footnote)2 972( \\"divert)1 540(.da FN)1 324 3 3096 1390 t ( environment 1)2 756( \\"in)1 378(.ev 1)1 270 3 3096 1500 t ( 1st, separator)2 810( \\"if)1 378(.if \\\\n+x=1 .fs)2 810 3 3096 1610 t ( mode)1 270(.fi \\"fill)1 756 2 3096 1720 t (..)3096 1830 w ( footnote)1 486( \\"end)1 378(.de ef)1 324 3 3096 2060 t ( output)1 378(.br \\"finish)1 864 2 3096 2170 t ( spacing)1 432( \\"save)1 540(.nr z \\\\n\(.v)2 648 3 3096 2280 t ( ev)1 162(.ev \\"pop)1 702 2 3096 2390 t ( diversion)1 540(.di \\"end)1 702 2 3096 2500 t ( footer position,)2 918( \\"new)1 432(.nr y -\\\\n\(dn)2 702 3 3096 2610 t (.if \\\\nx=1 .nr y -\(\\\\n\(.v-\\\\nz\) \\)5 1782 1 3096 2720 t (\\"uncertainty correction)1 1296 1 3528 2830 t ( is negative)2 648( \\"y)1 378(.ch fo \\\\nyu)2 648 3 3096 2940 t (.if \(\\\\n\(nl+1v\)>\(\\\\n\(.p+\\\\ny\) \\)2 1674 1 3096 3050 t ( fit)1 216( \\"didn't)1 864(.ch fo \\\\n\(nlu+1v)2 918 3 3096 3160 t (..)3096 3270 w ( \\"separator)1 702(.de fs)1 324 2 3096 3500 t ( inch rule)2 540(\\l'1i' \\"1)1 594 2 3096 3610 t (.br)3096 3720 w (..)3096 3830 w ( leftover footnote)2 972( \\"get)1 378(.de fz)1 324 3 3096 4060 t (.fn)3096 4170 w ( vertical size)2 756(.nf \\"retain)1 864 2 3096 4280 t ( fx put it)3 540(.fy \\"where)1 810 2 3096 4390 t (.ef)3096 4500 w (..)3096 4610 w ( margin size)2 648( \\"bottom)1 540(.nr b 1.0i)2 540 3 3096 4840 t ( trap)1 270( \\"header)1 648(.wh 0 hd)2 432 3 3096 4950 t ( trap->temp pos)2 810( \\"footer)1 540(.wh 12i fo)2 540 3 3096 5060 t ( at footer position)3 1026( \\"fx)1 378(.wh -\\\\nbu fx)2 702 3 3096 5170 t ( fx with fo)3 594( \\"conceal)1 648(.ch fo -\\\\nbu)2 702 3 3096 5280 t 10 R f (The header)1 459 1 3274 5496 t 10 CW f (hd)3772 5496 w 10 R f (initializes a footnote count)3 1108 1 3932 5496 t (register)3024 5616 w 10 CW f (x)3369 5616 w 10 R f ( both the current footer trap)5 1200(, and sets)2 411 2 3429 5616 t (position register)1 661 1 3024 5736 t 10 CW f (y)3724 5736 w 10 R f ( to a)2 202(and the footer trap itself)4 1015 2 3823 5736 t (nominal position speci\256ed in register)4 1519 1 3024 5856 t 10 CW f (b)4576 5856 w 10 R f ( addi-)1 238(. In)1 166 2 4636 5856 t (tion, if the register)3 786 1 3024 5976 t 10 CW f (dn)3851 5976 w 10 R f ( leftover foot-)2 588(indicates a)1 440 2 4012 5976 t (note,)3024 6096 w 10 CW f (fz)3254 6096 w 10 R f ( footnote)1 365( The)1 212(is invoked to reprocess it.)4 1056 3 3407 6096 t (start macro)1 473 1 3024 6216 t 10 CW f (fn)3549 6216 w 10 R f ( \(append\) in)2 538(begins a diversion)2 781 2 3721 6216 t (environment 1, and increments the count)5 1656 1 3024 6336 t 10 CW f (x)4710 6336 w 10 R f ( the)1 151(; if)1 119 2 4770 6336 t (count is one, the footnote separator)5 1423 1 3024 6456 t 10 CW f (fs)4477 6456 w 10 R f (is interpo-)1 413 1 4627 6456 t ( in a separate macro to)5 905( separator is kept)3 685(lated. The)1 426 3 3024 6576 t (permit user rede\256nition.)2 963 1 3024 6696 t (The footnote end macro)3 1046 1 3274 6852 t 10 CW f (ef)4376 6852 w 10 R f (restores the)1 488 1 4552 6852 t ( ends the diversion after)4 967(previous environment and)2 1049 2 3024 6972 t (saving the spacing size in register)5 1435 1 3024 7092 t 10 CW f (z)4502 7092 w 10 R f (.)4562 7092 w 10 CW f (y)4655 7092 w 10 R f (is then)1 282 1 4758 7092 t ( the footnote, available)3 927(decremented by the size of)4 1089 2 3024 7212 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 33 35 %%Page: 34 36 /saveobj save def mark 36 pagesetup 10 R f (- 34 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (in)720 840 w 10 CW f (dn)851 840 w 10 R f ( on the \256rst footnote,)4 952(; then)1 253 2 971 840 t 10 CW f (y)2230 840 w 10 R f (is further)1 392 1 2344 840 t ( vertical baseline)2 684(decremented by the difference in)4 1332 2 720 960 t ( environments, to prevent the)4 1212(spacings of the two)3 804 2 720 1080 t ( trap from causing the last)5 1040(late triggering the footer)3 976 2 720 1200 t ( The)1 217( combined footnotes to over\257ow.)4 1372(line of the)2 427 3 720 1320 t ( is then set to the lower \(on the page\) of)10 1596(footer trap)1 420 2 720 1440 t 10 CW f (y)720 1560 w 10 R f ( current page position \()4 954(or the)1 236 2 811 1560 t 10 CW f (nl)2001 1560 w 10 R f (\) plus one line,)3 615 1 2121 1560 t (to allow for printing the reference line.)6 1549 1 720 1680 t (If indicated by)2 596 1 970 1836 t 10 CW f (x)1598 1836 w 10 R f ( footer)1 271(, the)1 179 2 1658 1836 t 10 CW f (fo)2141 1836 w 10 R f (rereads the)1 442 1 2294 1836 t (footnotes from)1 600 1 720 1956 t 10 CW f (FN)1354 1956 w 10 R f ( mode in environment)3 904(in no\256ll)1 324 2 1508 1956 t (1, and deletes)2 556 1 720 2076 t 10 CW f (FN)1306 2076 w 10 R f ( the footnotes were too large)5 1164(. If)1 146 2 1426 2076 t (to \256t, the macro)3 663 1 720 2196 t 10 CW f (fx)1418 2196 w 10 R f ( trap-invoked to redi-)3 878(will be)1 285 2 1573 2196 t ( over\257ow into)2 565(vert the)1 303 2 720 2316 t 10 CW f (fy)1615 2316 w 10 R f (, and the register)3 671 1 1735 2316 t 10 CW f (dn)2433 2316 w 10 R f (will)2580 2316 w (later indicate to the header whether)5 1404 1 720 2436 t 10 CW f (fy)2149 2436 w 10 R f (is empty.)1 367 1 2294 2436 t (Both)970 2592 w 10 CW f (fo)1195 2592 w 10 R f (and)1345 2592 w 10 CW f (fx)1519 2592 w 10 R f (are planted in the nominal)4 1067 1 1669 2592 t ( order that causes)3 722(footer trap position in an)4 1028 2 720 2712 t 10 CW f (fx)2504 2712 w 10 R f (to)2658 2712 w (be concealed unless the)3 987 1 720 2832 t 10 CW f (fo)1749 2832 w 10 R f ( The)1 222(trap is moved.)2 603 2 1911 2832 t ( over\257ow diversion, if)3 939(footer then terminates the)3 1077 2 720 2952 t ( zeros)1 241(necessary, and)1 586 2 720 3072 t 10 CW f (x)1578 3072 w 10 R f (to disable)1 392 1 1669 3072 t 10 CW f (fx)2092 3072 w 10 R f (, because the)2 524 1 2212 3072 t ( a not-too-late)2 568(uncertainty correction together with)3 1448 2 720 3192 t ( footer can result in the footnote)6 1347(triggering of the)2 669 2 720 3312 t (rereading \256nishing before reaching the)4 1546 1 720 3432 t 10 CW f (fx)2291 3432 w 10 R f (trap.)2436 3432 w ( is to com-)3 461(A good exercise for the student)5 1305 2 970 3588 t (bine the multiple-column and footnote mecha-)5 2016 1 720 3708 t (nisms.)720 3828 w 10 B f (The Last Page)2 611 1 720 4068 t 10 R f (After the last input \256le has ended,)6 1369 1 970 4224 t 10 I f (nroff)2368 4224 w 10 R f (and)2592 4224 w 10 I f (troff)720 4344 w 10 R f (invoke the)1 424 1 923 4344 t 10 I f (end macro)1 429 1 1377 4344 t 10 R f ( when)1 245(\(\2477\), if any, and)3 655 2 1836 4344 t ( Dur-)1 249( of the page.)3 526(it \256nishes, eject the remainder)4 1241 3 720 4464 t ( encountered are processed)3 1091(ing the eject, any traps)4 925 2 720 4584 t ( the end of this last page, processing)7 1476(normally. At)1 540 2 720 4704 t (terminates unless a partial line, word, or partial)7 2016 1 720 4824 t ( another page be)3 662( it is desired that)4 665( If)1 117(word remains.)1 572 4 720 4944 t (started, the end-macro)2 889 1 720 5064 t 9 CW f ( \\"end-macro)1 702(.de en)1 324 2 792 5234 t (\\c)792 5344 w ('bp)792 5454 w (..)792 5564 w (.em en)1 324 1 792 5674 t 10 R f ( produce)1 382(will deposit a null partial word, and)6 1634 2 720 5854 t (another last page.)2 701 1 720 5974 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 34 36 %%Page: 35 37 /saveobj save def mark 37 pagesetup 10 R f (- 35 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 12 B f (Special Character Names)2 1299 1 2230 840 t 10 R f ( names for a set of characters, most of which have typically been available)13 3074(The following table lists)3 996 2 970 996 t (with)720 1116 w 10 I f (troff)923 1116 w 10 R f ( all print on any particular device, including this one.)9 2117(. Not)1 225 2 1096 1116 t (\302)1145 1296 w 10 CW f (\\')1395 1296 w 10 S f (m)2635 1296 w 10 CW f (\\\(*m)2874 1296 w 10 S f ()4114 1296 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_~= { pop (\176) stringwidth pop neg size -.15 mul (\176\055) ashow } def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 S f 4114 1296 m 55 build_~= 4169 1296 m 10 CW f (\\\(|=)4374 1296 w 10 R f (\301)1145 1416 w 10 CW f (\\`)1395 1416 w 10 S f (n)2635 1416 w 10 CW f (\\\(*n)2874 1416 w 10 S f (~)4114 1416 w 10 CW f (\\\(ap)4374 1416 w 10 R f (\320)1145 1536 w 10 CW f (\\\(em)1395 1536 w 10 S f (x)2635 1536 w 10 CW f (\\\(*c)2874 1536 w 10 S f (\271)4114 1536 w 10 CW f (\\\(!=)4374 1536 w 10 R f (-)1145 1656 w 10 CW f (\\-)1395 1656 w 10 S f (o)2635 1656 w 10 CW f (\\\(*o)2874 1656 w 10 S f (\256)4114 1656 w 10 CW f (\\\(->)4374 1656 w 10 R f (-)1145 1776 w 10 CW f (\\\(hy)1395 1776 w 10 S f (p)2635 1776 w 10 CW f (\\\(*p)2874 1776 w 10 S f (\254)4114 1776 w 10 CW f (\\\(<-)4374 1776 w 10 R f (\261)1145 1896 w 10 CW f (\\-)1395 1896 w 10 S f (r)2635 1896 w 10 CW f (\\\(*r)2874 1896 w 10 S f (\255)4114 1896 w 10 CW f (\\\(ua)4374 1896 w 10 S f (\267)1145 2016 w 10 CW f (\\\(bu)1395 2016 w 10 S f (s)2635 2016 w 10 CW f (\\\(*s)2874 2016 w 10 S f (\257)4114 2016 w 10 CW f (\\\(da)4374 2016 w 10 S1 f ()1145 2136 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_sq { pop size 2 div /side exch def currentpoint newpath moveto 0 side rlineto side 0 rlineto 0 side neg rlineto closepath font B eq {fill} {stroke} ifelse } def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 S1 f 1145 2136 m 50 build_sq 1195 2136 m 10 CW f (\\\(sq)1395 2136 w 10 S f (V)2635 2136 w 10 CW f (\\\(ts)2874 2136 w 10 S f (\264)4114 2136 w 10 CW f (\\\(mu)4374 2136 w 10 S1 f (_)1145 2256 w 10 CW f (\\\(ru)1395 2256 w 10 S f (t)2635 2256 w 10 CW f (\\\(*t)2874 2256 w 10 S f (\270)4114 2256 w 10 CW f (\\\(di)4374 2256 w 10 S1 f ()1145 2376 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_14 { pop /optsize ptsize def /osize size def /ofont font def optsize 2 div dup R exch R f 0 size 2 mul 3 div dup neg exch 0 exch rmoveto (1) show rmoveto optsize R f (\244) show f (4) show optsize ofont f } def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 S1 f 1145 2376 m 75 build_14 1220 2376 m 10 CW f (\\\(14)1395 2376 w 10 S f (u)2635 2376 w 10 CW f (\\\(*u)2874 2376 w 10 S f (\261)4114 2376 w 10 CW f (\\\(+-)4374 2376 w 10 S1 f ()1145 2496 w 1145 2496 m 75 build_12 1220 2496 m 10 CW f (\\\(12)1395 2496 w 10 S f (f)2635 2496 w 10 CW f (\\\(*f)2874 2496 w 10 S f (\310)4114 2496 w 10 CW f (\\\(cu)4374 2496 w 10 S1 f ()1145 2616 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_34 { pop /optsize ptsize def /osize size def /ofont font def optsize 2 div dup R exch R f 0 size 2 mul 3 div dup neg exch 0 exch rmoveto (3) show rmoveto optsize R f (\244) show f (4) show optsize ofont f } def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 S1 f 1145 2616 m 75 build_34 1220 2616 m 10 CW f (\\\(34)1395 2616 w 10 S f (c)2635 2616 w 10 CW f (\\\(*x)2874 2616 w 10 S f (\307)4114 2616 w 10 CW f (\\\(ca)4374 2616 w 10 R f (\256)1145 2736 w 10 CW f (\\\(fi)1395 2736 w 10 S f (y)2635 2736 w 10 CW f (\\\(*q)2874 2736 w 10 S f (\314)4114 2736 w 10 CW f (\\\(sb)4374 2736 w 10 R f (\257)1145 2856 w 10 CW f (\\\(fl)1395 2856 w 10 S f (w)2635 2856 w 10 CW f (\\\(*w)2874 2856 w 10 S f (\311)4114 2856 w 10 CW f (\\\(sp)4374 2856 w 10 S1 f ()1145 2976 w 1145 2976 m 60 build_ff 1205 2976 m 10 CW f (\\\(ff)1395 2976 w 10 S f (A)2635 2976 w 10 CW f (\\\(*A)2874 2976 w 10 S f (\315)4114 2976 w 10 CW f (\\\(ib)4374 2976 w 10 S1 f ()1145 3096 w 1145 3096 m 84 build_Fi 1229 3096 m 10 CW f (\\\(Fi)1395 3096 w 10 S f (B)2635 3096 w 10 CW f (\\\(*B)2874 3096 w 10 S f (\312)4114 3096 w 10 CW f (\\\(ip)4374 3096 w 10 S1 f ()1145 3216 w 1145 3216 m 84 build_Fl 1229 3216 m 10 CW f (\\\(Fl)1395 3216 w 10 S f (G)2635 3216 w 10 CW f (\\\(*G)2874 3216 w 10 S f (\245)4114 3216 w 10 CW f (\\\(if)4374 3216 w 10 S f (\260)1145 3336 w 10 CW f (\\\(de)1395 3336 w 10 S f (D)2635 3336 w 10 CW f (\\\(*D)2874 3336 w 10 S f (\266)4114 3336 w 10 CW f (\\\(pd)4374 3336 w 10 R f (\262)1145 3456 w 10 CW f (\\\(dg)1395 3456 w 10 S f (E)2635 3456 w 10 CW f (\\\(*E)2874 3456 w 10 S f (\321)4114 3456 w 10 CW f (\\\(gr)4374 3456 w 10 S f (\242)1145 3576 w 10 CW f (\\\(fm)1395 3576 w 10 S f (Z)2635 3576 w 10 CW f (\\\(*Z)2874 3576 w 10 S f (\330)4114 3576 w 10 CW f (\\\(no)4374 3576 w 10 R f (\242)1145 3696 w 10 CW f (\\\(ct)1395 3696 w 10 S f (H)2635 3696 w 10 CW f (\\\(*Y)2874 3696 w 10 S f (\362)4114 3696 w 10 CW f (\\\(is)4374 3696 w 10 S f (\322)1145 3816 w 10 CW f (\\\(rg)1395 3816 w 10 S f (Q)2635 3816 w 10 CW f (\\\(*H)2874 3816 w 10 S f (\265)4114 3816 w 10 CW f (\\\(pt)4374 3816 w 10 S f (\323)1145 3936 w 10 CW f (\\\(co)1395 3936 w 10 S f (I)2635 3936 w 10 CW f (\\\(*I)2874 3936 w 10 S f (\306)4114 3936 w 10 CW f (\\\(es)4374 3936 w 10 S f (+)1145 4056 w 10 CW f (\\\(pl)1395 4056 w 10 S f (K)2635 4056 w 10 CW f (\\\(*K)2874 4056 w 10 S f (\316)4114 4056 w 10 CW f (\\\(mo)4374 4056 w 10 S f (-)1145 4176 w 10 CW f (\\\(mi)1395 4176 w 10 S f (L)2635 4176 w 10 CW f (\\\(*L)2874 4176 w 10 S f (\347)4114 4176 w 10 CW f (\\\(br)4374 4176 w 10 S f (=)1145 4296 w 10 CW f (\\\(eq)1395 4296 w 10 S f (M)2635 4296 w 10 CW f (\\\(*M)2874 4296 w 10 R f (\263)4114 4296 w 10 CW f (\\\(dd)4374 4296 w 10 S f (*)1145 4416 w 10 CW f (\\\(**)1395 4416 w 10 S f (N)2635 4416 w 10 CW f (\\\(*N)2874 4416 w 10 S1 f ()4114 4416 w cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal /build_rh { pop gsave size .0022 mul dup scale currentpoint translate 15 66 moveto 15 86 lineto 16 131 lineto 17 146 lineto 18 158 lineto 19 167 lineto 21 181 lineto 24 190 lineto 34 193 lineto 49 189 lineto 58 182 lineto 60 177 lineto 60 166 lineto 59 156 lineto 58 143 lineto 57 130 lineto 56 117 lineto 55 102 lineto 54 42 lineto 53 39 lineto 49 35 lineto 34 34 lineto 19 39 lineto 16 47 lineto 15 66 lineto stroke 65 60 moveto 65 111 lineto 66 127 lineto 67 139 lineto 69 153 lineto 72 163 lineto 83 171 lineto 98 177 lineto 113 182 lineto 128 187 lineto 143 190 lineto 158 194 lineto 173 196 lineto 188 199 lineto 203 201 lineto 218 203 lineto 233 205 lineto 248 205 lineto 263 206 lineto 278 206 lineto 293 206 lineto 308 206 lineto 323 206 lineto 338 205 lineto 353 203 lineto 368 202 lineto 383 200 lineto 394 197 lineto 389 190 lineto 389 180 lineto 391 176 lineto 391 173 lineto 380 173 lineto 365 173 lineto 350 174 lineto 335 175 lineto 320 176 lineto 305 176 lineto 290 176 lineto 275 177 lineto 260 177 lineto 245 177 lineto 240 173 lineto 240 170 lineto 245 165 lineto 260 164 lineto 275 164 lineto 290 164 lineto 305 163 lineto 320 160 lineto 327 155 lineto 330 149 lineto 330 134 lineto 328 129 lineto 323 124 lineto 309 121 lineto 294 121 lineto 279 121 lineto 264 121 lineto 249 121 lineto 234 121 lineto 228 118 lineto 228 112 lineto 234 109 lineto 249 109 lineto 264 109 lineto 279 108 lineto 294 108 lineto 306 104 lineto 311 97 lineto 312 91 lineto 312 88 lineto 311 82 lineto 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