dnsmanager/src/storage/zone.cr

require "ipaddress"

# Store a DNS zone.
#
# Several common resource record types are accepted: SOA PTR A AAAA TXT CNAME NS MX SRV.
# Some special entries are accepted too, which makes it simpler to deal with configuration errors.
# Thus, we accept new resource records named SPF, DKIM and DMARC to provide insightful errors to novice users.
class DNSManager::Storage::Zone
	include JSON::Serializable

	property domain    : String
	property resources = [] of DNSManager::Storage::Zone::ResourceRecord
	property current_rrid : UInt32 = 0

	# We don't want to accept less than 30 seconds TTL.
	class_property ttl_limit_min = 30

	def initialize(@domain)
	end

	alias Error = String

	# Store a Resource Record: A, AAAA, TXT, PTR, CNAME…
	abstract class ResourceRecord
		include JSON::Serializable

		use_json_discriminator "rrtype", {
				A:      A,
				AAAA:   AAAA,
				SOA:    SOA,
				TXT:    TXT,
				PTR:    PTR,
				NS:     NS,
				CNAME:  CNAME,
				MX:     MX,
				SRV:    SRV,

				# Special resource records, which actually are TXT records.
				SPF:    SPF,
				DKIM:   DKIM,
				DMARC:  DMARC
			}

		# Used to discriminate between classes.
		property rrtype : String = ""

		property rrid   : UInt32 = 0
		property name   : String
		property ttl    : UInt32
		property target : String

		# RR entries can be writable or read only.
		# For example, default SOA and NS entries shouldn't be writable.
		# No need to allow for (mostly unskilled) users to mess up some ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY entries.
		# Yes. It already happened. Many, MANY times. I WANT MY FUCKING TIME BACK.
		property readonly : Bool = false

		# zone class is omited, it always will be IN in our case.
		def initialize(@name, @ttl, @target)
			@rrtype = self.class.name.upcase.gsub /DNSMANAGER::STORAGE::ZONE::/, ""
		end

		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			[] of Error
		end

		def to_s(io : IO)
			io << "(#{ "%4d" % @rrid }) "
			io << "#{ "%30s" % @name} #{ "%6d" % @ttl} IN #{ "%10s" % @rrtype } #{ "%30s" % @target}\n"
		end

		def to_bind9(io : IO)
			io << "#{@name} #{@ttl} IN #{@rrtype} #{@target}\n"
		end
	end

	class SOA < ResourceRecord
		# Start of Authority
		property mname   : String # Master Name Server for the zone.
		property rname   : String # admin email address john.doe@example.com => john\.doe.example.com
		property serial  : UInt64 = 0       # Number for tracking new versions of the zone (master-slaves).
		property refresh : UInt64 = 86400   # #seconds before requesting new zone version (master-slave).
		property retry   : UInt64 = 7200    # #seconds before retry accessing new data from the master.
		property expire  : UInt64 = 3600000 # #seconds slaves should consider master dead.
		property minttl  : UInt64 = 600     # #seconds cache lifetime for answers about inexistent records.

		def initialize(@name, @ttl, @mname, @rname,
			@serial  =       0.to_u64,
			@refresh =   86400.to_u64,
			@retry   =    7200.to_u64,
			@expire  = 3600000.to_u64,
			@minttl  =     600.to_u64)
			@target = "" # no use
			@rrtype = "SOA"
		end

		def to_s(io : IO)
			io << "(#{ "%4d" % @rrid }) "
			io << "#{name} #{ttl} IN SOA (#{mname} #{rname}\n"
			io << "\t\t#{ "%10d" % serial  }  ; serial\n"
			io << "\t\t#{ "%10d" % refresh }  ; refresh\n"
			io << "\t\t#{ "%10d" % retry   }  ; retry\n"
			io << "\t\t#{ "%10d" % expire  }  ; expire\n"
			io << "\t\t#{ "%10d" % minttl  }  ; minttl\n"
			io << "\t)\n"
		end

		def to_bind9(io : IO)
			# No "name" because the name of the SOA RR is the origin (FQDN).
			io << "@ #{ttl} IN SOA (#{mname} #{rname}\n"
			io << "\t\t#{ "%10d" % serial }  ; serial\n"
			io << "\t\t#{ "%10d" % refresh}  ; refresh\n"
			io << "\t\t#{ "%10d" % retry  }  ; retry\n"
			io << "\t\t#{ "%10d" % expire }  ; expire\n"
			io << "\t\t#{ "%10d" % minttl }  ; minttl\n"
			io << "\t)\n"
		end

		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			# TODO: name

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "SOA invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end

			# TODO: target
			# TODO: mname
			# TODO: rname
			# TODO: serial
			# TODO: refresh
			# TODO: retry
			# TODO: expire

			errors
		end
	end

	class A < ResourceRecord
		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @name
				errors << "A invalid subdomain: #{@name}"
			end

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "A invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end

			unless Zone.is_ipv4_address_valid? @target
				errors << "A target not valid ipv4: #{@target}"
			end

			errors
		end
	end

	class AAAA < ResourceRecord
		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @name
				errors << "AAAA invalid subdomain: #{@name}"
			end

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "AAAA invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end

			unless Zone.is_ipv6_address_valid? @target
				errors << "AAAA target not valid ipv6: #{@target}"
			end

			errors
		end
	end

	class TXT < ResourceRecord
		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @name
				errors << "TXT invalid subdomain: #{@name}"
			end

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "TXT invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end

			errors
		end
	end

	class PTR < ResourceRecord
		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			# TODO: PTR name verification.
			# PTR name is different from others.
			# Its name contains numerical-only subdomains.
			unless Zone.is_ptr_name_valid? @target
				errors << "PTR invalid subdomain: #{@target}"
			end

			# The PTR name has to end with in-addr.arpa or ip6.arpa.
			unless @name.ends_with?(/in-addr.arpa\.?/) || @name.ends_with?(/ip6.arpa\.?/)
				errors << "PTR invalid name: doesn't end with 'in-addr.arpa' or 'ip6.arpa'"
			end

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "PTR invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end

			unless Zone.is_domain_valid? @target
				errors << "PTR invalid subdomain: #{@target}"
			end

			errors
		end
	end

	class NS < ResourceRecord
		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @name
				errors << "NS invalid subdomain: #{@name}"
			end

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "NS invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end

			errors
		end
	end

	class CNAME < ResourceRecord
		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @name
				errors << "CNAME invalid subdomain: #{@name}"
			end

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "CNAME invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end

			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @target
				errors << "CNAME invalid target: #{@target}"
			end
			errors
		end
	end

	# TODO: verifications + print.
	# baguette.netlib.re. 3600 IN TXT "v=spf1 a mx ip4:<IP> a:mail.baguette.netlib.re ~all"
	class SPF < ResourceRecord


		# SPF mechanisms are about policy, which comes with the form of a single character:
		# - '?' means no policy (neutral),
		# - '+' means PASS result. Default behavior for any mechanism except `all`.
		# - '~' (tilde) means SOFTFAIL, a debugging aid between NEUTRAL and FAIL.
		#       SOFTFAIL messages are accepted but tagged for later analysis.
		# - '-' (minus) means FAIL, the mail should be rejected.
		#
		# The following `q` character is the behavior for the `all` mechanism.
		# The `all` mechanism won't be included in the final domain zone if the
		# `REDIRECT` modifier provided.
		enum Qualifier
			Pass      # +
			None      # ?
			SoftFail  # ~
			HardFail  # -
		end

		# Modifiers allow future extensions of the framework.
		# See RFC 4408.
		class Modifier
			include JSON::Serializable
			enum Type
				# "explanation", used for debug purposes, not accepted for now.
				EXP

				# REDIRECT: replaces the ALL mechanism (new default behavior).
				# From RFC 4408:
				# ```
				# This facility is intended for use by organizations that wish to apply
				# the same record to multiple domains.  For example:
				#
				# la.example.com. TXT "v=spf1 redirect=_spf.example.com"
				# ny.example.com. TXT "v=spf1 redirect=_spf.example.com"
				# sf.example.com. TXT "v=spf1 redirect=_spf.example.com"
				# _spf.example.com. TXT "v=spf1 mx:example.com -all"
				# ```
				REDIRECT
			end
			property t : Type    # type of modifier
			property v : String  # value

			def initialize(@t, @v)
			end

			# TODO
			def get_errors : Array(Error)
				errors = [] of Error
				errors
			end

			def to_s(io : IO)
				to_bind9 io
			end

			def to_bind9(io : IO)
				io << "#{t.to_s.downcase}:#{v}"
			end
		end

		class Mechanism
			include JSON::Serializable
			enum Type
				A          # address (domain)
				IP4        # ipv4 or range
				IP6        # ipv6 or range
				MX         # use the MX record of the domain
				PTR        # "pretty complicated for no reason" type, will be discarded for now
				EXISTS     # TODO
				INCLUDE    # include foreign SPF policy
			end

			property q : Qualifier = Qualifier::Pass
			property t : Type    # type of mechanism
			property v : String  # value

			def initialize(@t, @v, @q)
			end

			# TODO
			def get_errors : Array(Error)
				errors = [] of Error
				case t
				when .a?
				when .ip4?
				when .ip6?
				when .mx?
				when .ptr?
				when .exists?
				when .include?
				end
				errors
			end

			def to_s(io : IO)
				to_bind9(io)
			end

			def to_bind9(io : IO)
				case q
				when .pass?
					"#{t}=#{v}"
				else
					io << "#{qualifier_to_char q}"
				end

				io << t.to_s.downcase
				io << ":#{v}" if v != ""
			end
		end

		property v : String = "spf1"
		property mechanisms : Array(Mechanism)
		property modifiers  : Array(Modifier)? = nil

		# The `all` mechanism is the default behavior for email coming from non conforming
		# IP addresses, meaning senders not respecting the SPF record.
		property q : Qualifier = Qualifier::None

		def initialize(@name, @ttl, @target, @v, @mechanisms, @q)
			@rrtype = "SPF"
		end

		# TODO
		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @name
				errors << "SPF invalid subdomain: #{@name}"
			end

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "SPF invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end

			@mechanisms.each do |m|
				m.get_errors.each do |e|
					errors << e
				end
			end

			if mods = @modifiers
				mods.each do |m|
					m.get_errors.each do |e|
						errors << e
					end
				end
			end

			errors
		end

		def to_s(io : IO)
			io << "(#{ "%4d" % @rrid }) "
			io << "#{ "%30s" % @name} #{ "%6d" % @ttl} IN SPF "
			io << '"'
			@mechanisms.each do |m|
				io << m
				io << ' '
			end
			if mod = @modifiers
				mod.each do |m|
					io << m
					io << ' '
				end
			end
			io << qualifier_to_string @q
			io << '"'
			io << "\n"
		end

		def to_bind9(io : IO)
			io << "#{@name} #{@ttl} IN TXT "
			io << '"'
			@mechanisms.each do |m|
				io << m
				io << ' '
			end
			if mod = @modifiers
				mod.each do |m|
					io << m
					io << ' '
				end
			end
			io << qualifier_to_string @q
			io << '"'
			io << "\n"
		end
	end

	# TODO
	class DKIM < ResourceRecord
		property v : String = "DKIM1"  # DKIM version
		property h : String = "sha256" # encrypting cryptographic algorithm
		property k : String = "rsa"    # signing cryptographic algorithm
		property p : String            # public key
		def initialize(@name, @ttl, @target, @v, @h, @k, @p)
			@rrtype = "DKIM"
		end

		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @name
				errors << "CNAME invalid subdomain: #{@name}"
			end

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "CNAME invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end
			errors
		end
	end

	# TODO
	class DMARC < ResourceRecord
		def initialize(@name, @ttl, @target)
			@rrtype = "DMARC"
		end

		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @name
				errors << "CNAME invalid subdomain: #{@name}"
			end

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "CNAME invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end
			errors
		end
	end

	class MX < ResourceRecord
		property priority  : UInt32 = 10
		def initialize(@name, @ttl, @target, @priority = 10)
			@rrtype = "MX"
		end

		def to_s(io : IO)
			io << "(#{ "%4d" % @rrid }) "
			io << "#{ "%30s" % @name} #{ "%6d" % @ttl} IN MX #{ "%3d" % @priority} #{ "%30s" % @target}\n"
		end

		def to_bind9(io : IO)
			io << "#{@name} #{@ttl} IN MX #{@priority} #{@target}\n"
		end

		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @name
				errors << "MX invalid subdomain: #{@name}"
			end

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "MX invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end

			# MX target can either be a subdomain or a FQDN.
			unless Zone.is_subdomain_valid? @target
				unless Zone.is_domain_valid? @target
					errors << "MX invalid target (domain): #{@target}"
				end
			end

			errors
		end
	end

	class SRV < ResourceRecord
		property port     : UInt16
		property protocol : String = "tcp"
		property priority : UInt32 = 10
		property weight   : UInt32 = 10
		def initialize(@name, @ttl, @target, @port, @protocol = "tcp", @priority = 10, @weight = 10)
			@rrtype = "SRV"
		end

		def get_errors : Array(Error)
			errors = [] of Error

			# SRV name should be created from scratch, client should send an empty name.
			# WON'T FIX: name verification.

			if @ttl < Zone.ttl_limit_min
				errors << "SRV invalid ttl: #{@ttl}, shouldn't be less than #{Zone.ttl_limit_min}"
			end

			unless Zone.is_domain_valid? @target
				errors << "SRV invalid target (domain): #{@target}"
			end

			errors
		end

		def to_s(io : IO)
			io << "(#{ "%4d" % @rrid }) "
			io << "#{ "%30s" % @name} "
			io << "#{ "%6d" % @ttl} IN SRV "
			io << "#{ "%3d" % @priority} "
			io << "#{ "%3d" % @weight} "
			io << "#{ "%5d" % @port} "
			io << "#{ "%30s" % @target}\n"
		end

		def to_bind9(io : IO)
			io << "#{@name} #{@ttl} IN SRV #{@priority} #{@weight} #{@port} #{@target}\n"
		end
	end

	def <<(rr : ResourceRecord)
		rr.rrid = current_rrid
		@resources << rr
		@current_rrid += 1
	end

	def to_s(io : IO)
		io << "DOMAIN #{@domain}.\n"
		@resources.each do |rr|
			io << rr
		end
	end

	def to_bind9(io : IO)
		io << "$ORIGIN #{@domain}.\n"
		@resources.each do |rr|
			rr.to_bind9 io
		end
	end

	def get_errors? : Array(Error)?
		errors = [] of Error
		unless Zone.is_domain_valid? @domain
			errors << "invalid domain #{@domain}"
		end

		# Checking each resource.
		@resources.each do |r|
			r.get_errors().each do |error|
				errors << error
			end
		end

		# Minimal resources: SOA and NS.
		unless @resources.any? &.is_a?(Zone::SOA)
			errors << "invalid zone: no SOA record"
		end
		unless @resources.any? &.is_a?(Zone::NS)
			errors << "invalid zone: no NS record"
		end

		if errors.empty?
			nil
		else
			errors
		end
	end

	# This regex only is "good enough for now".
	def self.is_domain_valid?(domain) : Bool
		if domain =~ /^(((?!-))(xn--|_{1,1})?[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9]{1,1}\.)*((xn--)?[a-z0-9][a-z0-9\-]{0,60}[a-z0-9]|(xn--)?[a-z0-9]{1,60})\.[a-z]{2,}\.?$/
			true
		else
			false
		end
	rescue e
		Baguette::Log.error "invalid zone domain #{domain}: #{e}"
		false
	end

	# This regex only is "good enough for now".
	def self.is_subdomain_valid?(subdomain) : Bool
		if subdomain =~ /^(((?!-))(xn--|_{1,1})?[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9]{1,1}\.)*(xn--)?[a-z0-9][a-z0-9\-]{0,60}[a-z0-9]*[a-z]+|[a-z]+|[a-z][a-z0-9]+[a-z]+$/
			true
		else
			false
		end
	rescue e
		Baguette::Log.error "invalid zone subdomain #{subdomain}: #{e}"
		false
	end

	# TODO: PTR name verification.
	def self.is_ptr_name_valid?(subdomain) : Bool
		if subdomain =~ /^(((?!-))(xn--|_{1,1})?[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9]{1,1}\.)*(xn--)?[a-z0-9][a-z0-9\-]{0,60}[a-z0-9]*[a-z]+|[a-z]+|[a-z][a-z0-9]+[a-z]+$/
			true
		else
			false
		end
	rescue e
		Baguette::Log.error "invalid zone subdomain #{subdomain}: #{e}"
		false
	end


	# This only is "good enough for now".
	# Regex only matches for invalid characters.
	def self.is_ipv4_address_valid?(address) : Bool
		if ! address =~ /^[0-9\.]+$/
			false
		elsif ip = IPAddress::IPv4.new address
			true
		else
			false
		end
	rescue e
		Baguette::Log.warning "wrong IPv4 address: #{address}"
		false
	end

	# This only is "good enough for now".
	# Regex only matches for invalid characters.
	def self.is_ipv6_address_valid?(address) : Bool
		if ! address =~ /^[0-9a-f:]+$/
			false
		elsif ip = IPAddress::IPv6.new address
			true
		else
			false
		end
	rescue e
		Baguette::Log.warning "wrong IPv6 address: #{address}"
		false
	end

	# When a new domain is recorded, we load a template which contains a placeholder domain.
	# `replace_domain` replaces this domain name by the real one in the different (preloaded) RR.
	# Do not forget the last dot ('.') to get a fully qualified domain name (FQDN).
	def replace_domain(new_domain : String)
		@domain = new_domain
		fqdn = "#{new_domain}."
		@resources.each do |rr|
			case rr
			when SOA
				rr.name = fqdn
			when NS
				rr.name = fqdn
			else
				Baguette::Log.debug "new domain, rr type #{rr.class} (nothing to do)"
			end
		end
	end
end

def qualifier_to_char(qualifier : DNSManager::Storage::Zone::SPF::Qualifier) : Char
	case qualifier
	when .pass?
		'+'
	when .none?
		'?'
	when .soft_fail?
		'~'
	# when .hard_fail?
	else '-'
	end
end

def qualifier_to_string(qualifier : DNSManager::Storage::Zone::SPF::Qualifier) : String
	"#{qualifier_to_char qualifier}all"
end